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{{Infobox software
| name = Clang
| logo = LLVM Logo.svg
| logo size = 136px
| screenshot = Clang 21.1.7 version and compile information screenshot.webp
| caption =
| author = [[克里斯·拉特納]]
| developer = LLVM开发小组
| released =
| programming language = [[C++]]
| operating system = [[Unix-like]]
| platform = [[跨平台]]
| language =
| genre = [[編譯器]]
| license = {{plainlist|
*[http://llvm.org/releases/3.8.0/LICENSE.TXT 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校開源碼許可（University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License）]
*[[Apache License 2.0]] with LLVM Exceptions (v9.0.0和之后的版本)<ref name="License">{{citation|title=The LLVM Project is under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions|url=https://releases.llvm.org/11.0.1/LICENSE.TXT|publisher=llvm.org|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2022-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629213010/https://releases.llvm.org/11.0.1/LICENSE.TXT|dead-url=no}}</ref>}}
}}
'''Clang'''（{{pron-en|ˈklæŋ}}類似英文單字''[[wikt:clang|clang]]''<ref>{{Cite mailing list
|url = http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2008-July/015624.html
|title = simply wonder pronunciation of Clang
|date = 2008-07-03
|accessdate = 2008-07-09
|mailinglist = LLVMdev
|last = Christopher
|first = Eric
|authorlink =
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120208050747/http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2008-July/015624.html
|archivedate = 2012-02-08
}}</ref>）
是一個[[C語言|C]]、[[C++]]、[[Objective-C]]和[[Objective-C++]]程式語言的[[編譯器]]前端。它採用了[[LLVM]]作為其後端，由LLVM2.6開始，一起釋出新版本。它的目標是提供一個[[GCC|GNU編譯器套裝]]（GCC）的替代品，支援了GNU編譯器大多數的編譯設定以及非官方語言的擴充功能。作者是[[克里斯·拉特納]]（Chris Lattner），在[[蘋果公司]]的贊助支持下進行開發，而原始碼授權是使用類BSD的[[伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校]]開源碼許可。

Clang專案包括Clang前端和Clang靜態分析器等。<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://clang-analyzer.llvm.org/
| title=Clang Static Analyzer
| publisher=LLVM
| accessdate=2009-09-03
| archive-date=2011-10-08
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008200735/http://clang-analyzer.llvm.org/
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>

== 概述 ==
這個軟體專案在2005年由[[蘋果公司]]發起，是[[LLVM]]编译器工具集的前端（front-end），目的是输出代码对应的抽象语法树（Abstract Syntax Tree, AST），並將程式碼編譯成LLVM Bitcode。接著在後端（back-end）使用LLVM編譯成平台相关的[[機器語言]]
。Clang支持C、C++、Objective C。

在Clang語言中，使用Stmt来代表statement。Clang程式碼的单元（unit）皆為语句（statement），语法树的节点（node）类型就是Stmt。另外Clang的表达式（Expression）也是語句的一種，Clang使用Expr來代表Expression，Expr本身繼承自Stmt。节点之下有子节点列表（sub-node-list）。

Clang本身性能優異，其生成的AST所耗用掉的内存僅僅是GCC的20%左右。[[FreeBSD]][[操作系统]]自2014年1月發行的10.0版本开始将Clang/LLVM作为默认编译器<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.0R/announce.html |title=FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Announcement |accessdate=2017-07-17 |archive-date=2017-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708223529/https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.0R/announce.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==效能==
測試證明Clang编译Objective-C代码时速度为GCC的3倍<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://llvm.org/pubs/2007-07-25-LLVM-2.0-and-Beyond.pdf |title=LLVM - 2.0 and beyond! |accessdate=2013-09-26 |archive-date=2012-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618155435/http://llvm.org/pubs/2007-07-25-LLVM-2.0-and-Beyond.pdf |dead-url=no |author=Chris Lattner}}</ref>，還能針對使用者發生的編譯錯誤准确地给出建议<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.llvm.org/2010/04/amazing-feats-of-clang-error-recovery.html |title=Amazing feats of Clang Error Recovery |accessdate=2013-09-26 |archive-date=2010-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702211432/http://blog.llvm.org/2010/04/amazing-feats-of-clang-error-recovery.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 版本歷史 ==
這個表格只記錄了Clang歷史中特別的階段與版本
{| class="wikitable"

|-
! 日期
! 要點

|-
|{{dts|2007|7|11}} || Clang前端以開放原始碼授權釋出

|-
|{{dts|2009|2|25}} || Clang/LLVM能夠編譯出可運作的[[FreeBSD]]核心。<ref>{{cite web
| first=Roman
| last=Divacky
| url=http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2009-February/003743.html
| title=[ANNOUNCE] clang/llvm can compile booting FreeBSD kernel on i386/amd64
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2012-04-30
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67JxI0H6j?url=http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2009-February/003743.html
| dead-url=no
}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://wiki.freebsd.org/BuildingFreeBSDWithClang |title=Building FreeBSD with Clang |publisher=Wiki.freebsd.org |date=2012-08-24 |accessdate=2012-09-18 |archive-date=2012-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001103027/http://wiki.freebsd.org/BuildingFreeBSDWithClang |dead-url=no }}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2009|3|16}} || Clang/LLVM能夠編譯出可運作的[[DragonFly BSD]]核心。<ref>{{cite web
| first=Alex
| last=Hornung
| url=http://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/mailarchive/kernel/2009-03/msg00067.html
| title=llvm/clang once more
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2012-04-30
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67JxIQ63x?url=http://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/mailarchive/kernel/2009-03/msg00067.html
| dead-url=no
}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/developer/clang/ |title=Clang |publisher=DragonFlyBSD |date= |accessdate=2012-09-18 |archive-date=2012-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005113539/http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/developer/clang/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2009|10|23}} || Clang 1.0首度與LLVM 2.6一起釋出。

|-
|{{dts|2009|Dec|24}} || 產生的C和Objective-C程式碼達到產品品質（但C++和Objective-C++仍未完成）Clang C++能夠編譯GCC 4.2的[[libstdc++]]並為某些特定的程式產生可運作的程式碼，並可以編譯自身。<ref>{{cite web
| publisher=LLVM Project Blog
| url=http://blog.llvm.org/2009/12/clang-builds-llvm.html
| title=Clang can compile LLVM and Clang
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2012-04-30
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67JxJ28Q3?url=http://blog.llvm.org/2009/12/clang-builds-llvm.html
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2010|feb|2}} || Clang能夠{{Link-en|自举|Self-hosting}}。<ref>{{cite web
| publisher=LLVM Project Blog
| url=http://blog.llvm.org/2010/02/clang-successfully-self-hosts.html
| title=Clang Successfully Self-Hosts
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2012-04-30
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67JxJWr58?url=http://blog.llvm.org/2010/02/clang-successfully-self-hosts.html
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2010|feb|20}} || 經過修改後的{{Link-en|HelenOS|HelenOS}}能夠用Clang編譯，,並在[[IA-32]]上通過所有空間與使用者回歸測試。<ref>{{cite web
|title = HelenOS mainline changeset head,294
|url = http://trac.helenos.org/trac.fcgi/changeset/mainline%2C294
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/67JxK0Hvu?url=http://trac.helenos.org/changeset/mainline,294
|archivedate = 2012-04-30
|accessdate = 2013-11-08
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2010|May|20}} || 最新版的Clang成功建制[[Boost C++ Libraries]]，並且幾乎通過了所有測驗<ref>{{cite web
| title=Clang++ Builds Boost!
| first=Doug
| last=Gregor
| url=http://blog.llvm.org/2010/05/clang-builds-boost.html
| publisher=LLVM Project Blog
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2012-04-30
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67JxKWoOp?url=http://blog.llvm.org/2010/05/clang-builds-boost.html
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2010|jun|10}} || Clang/LLVM被整合在[[FreeBSD]]之中（但預設編譯器仍是GCC）<ref>{{cite web
| first=Brad
| last=Davis
| url=http://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2010-04-2010-06.html#Clang-Replacing-GCC-in-the-Base-System
| title=FreeBSD Status Reports April - June, 2010
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2012-04-30
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67JxL3rcf?url=http://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2010-04-2010-06.html#Clang-Replacing-GCC-in-the-Base-System
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2010|oct|25}} || Clang/LLVM能夠編譯可運作的[[Linux核心]]。<ref>{{citation |url=http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/cfe-dev/2010-October/011711.html |title=Clang builds a working Linux Kernel (Boots to RL5 with SMP, networking and X, self hosts） |publisher=Lists.cs.uiuc.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-09-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907044958/http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/cfe-dev/2010-October/011711.html |archivedate=2015-09-07 }}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2011|January|26}} || 初步實現所有[[C++0x]]草案標準，其中少部分草案中的新特性也出現在開發版的Clang中。<ref>{{cite mailing list
|url = http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/cfe-dev/2011-January/013013.html
|first = Douglas
|last = Gregor
|title = New C++0x feature support in Clang
|date = 26 January 2011
|accessdate = 29 January 2011
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110130065354/http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/cfe-dev/2011-January/013013.html
|archivedate = 2011年1月30日
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| publisher=LLVM
| url=http://clang.llvm.org/cxx_status.html
| title=C++ and C++'0x Support in Clang
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2019-05-28
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528214038/http://clang.llvm.org/cxx_status.html
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2011|feb|10}} || Clang能夠編譯出可運作的[[HotSpot]] [[Java虛擬機器]]

|-
|{{dts|2012|feb|28}} || Clang 3.0能夠重建超過91%[[Debian]]成品。<ref>{{cite web
| first=Sylvestre
| last=Ledru
| url=http://clang.debian.net/
| title=Rebuild of the Debian archive with clang
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2012-06-18
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68WUnYciw?url=http://clang.debian.net/
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2012|feb|29}} || Clang成為[[MINIX 3]]中預設的編譯器。<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.minix3.org/news/index.html
| title=Official Minix 3 website: News
| access-date=2013-11-08
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128021642/http://www.minix3.org/news/index.html
| archive-date=2015-11-28
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2012|may|12}} || [[FreeBSD]]宣布Clang/LLVM將成為預設編譯器，取代沿用多年的GCC。<ref>{{cite mailing list
| url=http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-May/067486.html
| first=Daniel
| last=Gerzo
| title=FreeBSD Quarterly Status Report January-March, 2012
| date=12 May 2012
| accessdate=14 May 2012
| archive-date=2012-06-30
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68oC9gNMN?url=http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2012-May/067486.html
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2012|nov|5}} || Clang成為[[FreeBSD]]預設編譯器。<ref>{{cite mailing list
| url=http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2012-November/037610.html
| first=Brooks
| last=Davis
| title=HEADS UP: Clang now the default on x86
| date=5 November 2012
| accessdate=7 November 2012
| archive-date=2013-11-22
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122190530/http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2012-November/037610.html
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2013|feb|18}} || Clang/LLVM能夠編譯出[[Nexus 7]]修改版可運作的[[Android]] [[Linux核心]]。<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://events.linuxfoundation.org/images/stories/slides/abs2013_webster.pdf
| first=Behan
| last=Webster
| title=LLVMLinux: Compiling Android with LLVM
| date=18 February 2013
| accessdate=11 May 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512210100/http://events.linuxfoundation.org/images/stories/slides/abs2013_webster.pdf
| archive-date=2014-05-12
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://llvm.linuxfoundation.org/index.php/Nexus_7
| first=Vinicius
| last=Tinti
| title=LLVMLinux: Nexus 7
| date=17 March 2013
| accessdate=11 May 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611050105/http://llvm.linuxfoundation.org/index.php/Nexus_7
| archive-date=2014-06-11
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2013|apr|19}} || Clang完成所有[[C++11]]特性。<ref>{{cite web
| first=Stefanus
| last=Du Toit
| url=https://twitter.com/sdt_intel/status/325289093170864129
| title=Clang is C++11 feature complete as of *just now*!
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2019-09-24
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924204137/https://twitter.com/stefanusdutoit/status/325289093170864129
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>

|-
|{{dts|2013|nov|6}} || Clang完成所有[[C++14]]特性。<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://llvm.org/viewvc/llvm-project?view=revision&revision=194194
| title=[llvm-project] Revision 194194
| accessdate=2013-11-08
| archive-date=2017-01-30
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130114326/http://llvm.org/viewvc/llvm-project?view=revision&revision=194194
| dead-url=yes
}}</ref>

|}

==參考文獻==
{{Reflist|2}}

==外部連結==

*{{Official|http://clang.llvm.org/}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070817044507/http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2007-July/009817.html LLVMdev: New LLVM C front-end: "clang"], announcement（11 July 2007）
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613070529/http://llvm.org/devmtg/2008-08/Kremenek_StaticAnalyzer_Hi.m4v Presentation: Ted Kremenek - Finding Bugs with the Clang Static Analyzer], [http://llvm.org/devmtg/2008-08/Kremenek_StaticAnalyzer.pdf Slides]{{Wayback|url=http://llvm.org/devmtg/2008-08/Kremenek_StaticAnalyzer.pdf |date=20100613063900 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613063447/http://llvm.org/devmtg/2008-08/Naroff_Clang_Hi.m4v Presentation: Steve Naroff - Clang Internals], [http://llvm.org/devmtg/2008-08/Naroff_Clang.pdf Slides]{{Wayback|url=http://llvm.org/devmtg/2008-08/Naroff_Clang.pdf |date=20100613063644 }}
*[http://llvm.org/devmtg/2009-10/StateOfClang.pdf 2009 DevMtg Clang presentation]{{Wayback|url=http://llvm.org/devmtg/2009-10/StateOfClang.pdf |date=20100613090158 }}

[[Category:C編譯器]]
[[Category:C++編譯器]]
[[Category:静态代码分析工具]]
[[Category:自由編譯器與直譯器]]

Clang - 版本历史

imported>VulcanSphere 来自 2026年1月20日 (二) 11:07