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{{Infobox_gene}}
'''CD44'''，在人體內是一種由[[人11號染色體|11號染色體]]上的''CD44''基因編碼的細胞表面黏附分子，化學本質是[[糖蛋白]]，屬於一類[[分化簇]]（CD）<ref name="pmid2454887">{{cite journal | vauthors = Spring FA, Dalchau R, Daniels GL, Mallinson G, Judson PA, Parsons SF, Fabre JW, Anstee DJ | title = The Ina and Inb blood group antigens are located on a glycoprotein of 80,000 MW (the CDw44 glycoprotein) whose expression is influenced by the In(Lu) gene | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology_1988-05_64_1/page/37 | journal = Immunology | volume = 64 | issue = 1 | pages = 37–43 | date = May 1988 | pmid = 2454887 | pmc = 1385183 | doi = }}</ref><ref name=GeneCards>{{cite web|url=https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CD44|title=CD44|publisher=GeneCards|accessdate=2018-07-09|archive-date=2018-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709125423/https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CD44|dead-url=no}}</ref>。CD44是一種常用的[[幹細胞]]表面標記物，同時在人體內也參與[[淋巴細胞]]活化、循環，以及歸巢、[[惡性腫瘤]]的發生及轉移等過程<ref name="MorathHartmann2016">{{cite journal|last1=Morath|first1=I.|last2=Hartmann|first2=T.N.|last3=Orian-Rousseau|first3=V.|title=CD44: More than a mere stem cell marker|journal=The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology|volume=81|year=2016|pages=166–173|issn=13572725|doi=10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.009}}</ref><ref name=GeneCards/>。

==遺傳學與分子生物學==
CD44的基因位於人11號染色體上，具有可變剪接現象。已有研究證明，不同轉錄本[[轉譯]]的CD44具有不同的功能，分子量從85到200[[千道爾頓|kD]]不等，其中最經典的標準CD44分子（sCD44）是從造血細胞中分離出來的，分子量約爲85-90kD，由[[外顯子]]1-5和16-20組合而成。CD44分子在人體內廣泛分佈，並參與許多生物學過程，比如淋巴細胞的活化、再循環（recirculation），以及歸巢（homing）、[[造血]]過程、惡性腫瘤的發生與轉移等<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=960|title=CD44|publisher=NCBI|accessdate=2018-07-09|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820181312/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=960|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=GeneCards/><ref name="SenbanjoChellaiah2017">{{cite journal|last1=Senbanjo|first1=Linda T.|last2=Chellaiah|first2=Meenakshi A.|title=CD44: A Multifunctional Cell Surface Adhesion Receptor Is a Regulator of Progression and Metastasis of Cancer Cells|journal=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology|volume=5|year=2017|issn=2296-634X|doi=10.3389/fcell.2017.00018}}</ref>。

CD44蛋白由一條肽鏈組成，膜外[[結構域]]位於肽鏈一端，一個膜側翼區與之相連，另有一個穿膜結構域和一個位於[[細胞膜]]靠細胞質一側的尾部<ref name="NaorSionov1997">{{cite journal|last1=Naor|first1=David|last2=Sionov|first2=Ronit Vogt|last3=Ish-Shalom|first3=Dvorah|title=CD44: Structure, Function and Association with the Malignant Process|volume=71|year=1997|pages=241–319|issn=0065230X|doi=10.1016/S0065-230X(08)60101-3}}</ref>。

==應用==
在生物學和醫學研究中，CD44可用作幹細胞標記物，用於幹細胞的鑑定<ref name="MorathHartmann2016"/>。許多惡性腫瘤細胞中CD44的表達上調，比如[[卵巢癌]]<ref name="pmid14614016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sillanpää S, Anttila MA, Voutilainen K, Tammi RH, Tammi MI, Saarikoski SV, Kosma VM | title = CD44 expression indicates favorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 9 | issue = 14 | pages = 5318–24 | date = Nov 2003 | pmid = 14614016 | doi = | url = http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/9/14/5318.long | access-date = 2018-07-09 | archive-date = 2015-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150927034205/http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/9/14/5318.long | dead-url = no }}</ref>。另外，CD44可能和惡性腫瘤的發生和轉移有關，在相關過程中發揮一定的作用，比如已有證據表明CD44與[[頭頸癌|頭頸鱗狀细胞癌]]的發展有關<ref name=GeneCards/>。

CD44蛋白决定了人類的{{link-en|印度血型系統|Indian blood group system|印度血型}}（In）<ref name="pmid8636151">{{cite journal |vauthors=Telen MJ, Udani M, Washington MK, Levesque MC, Lloyd E, Rao N | title = A blood group-related polymorphism of CD44 abolishes a hyaluronan-binding consensus sequence without preventing hyaluronan binding | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 12 | pages = 7147–53 |date=March 1996 | pmid = 8636151 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.12.7147| url =https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_1996-03-22_271_12/page/7146| issn = }}</ref>。

==參見==
*[[分化群]]

==參考==
{{reflist}}
{{分化簇}}
{{糖蛋白类}}
[[Category:分化群]]
[[Category:糖蛋白]]

CD44 - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 1 book for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

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