https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=CCR5CCR5 - 版本历史2026-07-15T00:25:24Z在这个wiki上该页的修订历史MediaWiki 1.43.9https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?title=CCR5&diff=3147308&oldid=previmported>曦城星月 来自 2026年2月10日 (二) 10:042026-02-10T10:04:11Z<p></p>
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[[File:HIV_attachment.gif|右|缩略图|310x310像素|HIV-1作用于CD4+辅助性T细胞]]<br />
'''CCR5'''（'''C-C [[趋化因子受体|chemokine receptor]] type 5'''），中文名：'''趋化因子受体5'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=超氧化物歧化酶介导趋化因子受体 5 的功能|author=邱磊|url=http://mylib.nlc.cn/web/guest/search/boshilunwen/medaDataDisplay?metaData.id=1319667&metaData.lId=1322588&IdLib=40283415347ed8bd013483467a760008|journal=第二军医大学|issue=|doi=|others=|year=|volume=|page=|pmid=|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-date=2019-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603100842/http://mylib.nlc.cn/web/guest/search/boshilunwen/medaDataDisplay?metaData.id=1319667&metaData.lId=1322588&IdLib=40283415347ed8bd013483467a760008}}</ref>或'''趋化因子C－C亚族受体5'''<ref>{{Cite journal|title=趋化因子受体 CCR5 及其配体在类风湿关节炎患者滑液及滑膜中的表达|author=朱平,王彦宏,樊春梅,张浩,黄向阳,吴振彪,/冷南|url=http://www.cqvip.com/qk/93850x/200117/5669617.htmlc|journal=中华医学杂志|issue=17|doi=|others=|year=2001|volume=|page=|pmid=|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-date=2018-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203055440/http://www.cqvip.com/qk/93850x/200117/5669617.htmlc|dead-url=no}}</ref>，也称为'''CD195'''。化学式为：C<sub>1899</sub>H<sub>2916</sub>O<sub>479</sub>N<sub>462</sub>S<sub>20</sub><ref>{{Cite web |title=Expasy - ProtParam |url=https://web.expasy.org/cgi-bin/protparam/protparam_bis.cgi?P51681@1-352@ |website=web.expasy.org |access-date=2026-02-10}}</ref>是白细胞表面的一种蛋白质，因此也称为'''CCR5蛋白质'''，R5型[[人類免疫缺陷病毒|HIV]]进入并感染宿主细胞的过程需要借助CCR5蛋白质，控制CCR5蛋白质的基因称为'''CCR5基因'''，该基因在人体内的[[基因座]]是3p21.31（意为位于3号染色体短臂的2区－1带－子带31上）。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://may2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000160791;r=3:46370854-46376206|title=GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160791 Summary - Homo sapiens|accessdate=2018-11-27|author=|date=|work=|publisher=[[Ensembl]]|language=en-gb|archive-date=2022-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321134120/http://may2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000160791;r=3:46370854-46376206}}</ref><ref name="pmid15556703" /><ref name="pmid19213682" /><ref name="pmid21148083" /><ref name="pmid24368413" /><ref name="pmid24597871" /><ref name="pmid24597865" /><br />
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某些人群的基因组中含有此基因的一个突变型，称为CCR5-Δ32，与普通CCR5基因相比，有一段长为 32 [[鹼基對|碱基对]]的[[突变#缺失|缺失]]，其表达产物无法被HIV识别和结合，因此可对R5型HIV引起的艾滋病免疫，<ref name="pmid15556703">{{cite journal|title=HIV and the CCR5-Delta32 resistance allele|date=Dec 2004|journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.femsle.2004.09.040|volume=241|pages=1–12|pmid=15556703|vauthors=de Silva E, Stumpf MP}}</ref><ref name="pmid19213682">{{cite journal|title=Long-term control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 stem-cell transplantation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2009-02-12_360_7/page/692|date=Feb 2009|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|issue=7|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa0802905|volume=360|pages=692–8|pmid=19213682|vauthors=Hütter G, Nowak D, Mossner M, Ganepola S, Müssig A, Allers K, Schneider T, Hofmann J, Kücherer C, Blau O, Blau IW, Hofmann WK, Thiel E}}</ref><ref name="pmid21148083">{{cite journal|title=Evidence for the cure of HIV infection by CCR5Δ32/Δ32 stem cell transplantation|date=Mar 2011|journal=Blood|issue=10|doi=10.1182/blood-2010-09-309591|volume=117|pages=2791–9|pmid=21148083|vauthors=Allers K, Hütter G, Hofmann J, Loddenkemper C, Rieger K, Thiel E, Schneider T}}</ref><ref name="pmid24368413">{{cite journal|title=Stem-cell-based gene therapy for HIV infection|date=Jan 2014|journal=Viruses|issue=1|doi=10.3390/v6010001|volume=6|pages=1–12|pmc=3917429|pmid=24368413|vauthors=Zhen A, Kitchen S}}</ref><ref name="pmid24597871">{{cite journal|title=Engineering cellular resistance to HIV|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-03-06_370_10/page/967|date=Mar 2014|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|issue=10|doi=10.1056/NEJMe1400593|volume=370|pages=968–9|pmid=24597871|vauthors=Kay MA, Walker BD}}</ref><ref name="pmid24597865">{{cite journal|title=Gene editing of CCR5 in autologous CD4 T cells of persons infected with HIV|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-03-06_370_10/page/901|date=Mar 2014|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|issue=10|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1300662|volume=370|pages=901–10|pmc=4084652|pmid=24597865|display-authors=6|vauthors=Tebas P, Stein D, Tang WW, Frank I, Wang SQ, Lee G, Spratt SK, Surosky RT, Giedlin MA, Nichol G, Holmes MC, Gregory PD, Ando DG, Kalos M, Collman RG, Binder-Scholl G, Plesa G, Hwang WT, Levine BL, June CH}}</ref>但对于仅使用CXCR4受体蛋白的X4型HIV却没有免疫能力<ref name="Coakley">{{cite journal|title=Assessing chemokine co-receptor usage in HIV|author=Coakley, E., Petropoulos, C. J. and Whitcomb, J. M.|journal=Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis.|issue=1|doi=10.1097/00001432-200502000-00003|year=2005|volume=18|pages=9–15|pmid=15647694}}</ref><ref name="classification">{{cite journal|title=A new classification for HIV-1|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1998-01-15_391_6664/page/240|first1=EA|last2=Doms|first2=RW|journal=Nature|issue=6664|doi=10.1038/34571|year=1998|volume=391|pages=240|pmid=9440686|last3=Fenyö|first3=EM|last4=Korber|first4=BT|last5=Littman|first5=DR|last6=Moore|first6=JP|last7=Sattentau|first7=QJ|last8=Schuitemaker|first8=H|last9=Sodroski|first9=J|display-authors=8|last1=Berger|last10=Weiss|first10=R. A.}}</ref>。CCR5的另外一種突變CCR5-893（−）亦同樣对部分艾滋病具有免疫作用<ref>{{Cite journal|title=JM4 is a four-transmembrane protein binding to the CCR5 receptor|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579305002449|last=Schweneker|first=Marc|last2=Bachmann|first2=André S|date=2005-03-14|journal=FEBS Letters|issue=7|doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.037|volume=579|pages=1751-58|language=en|pmid=15757671|last3=Moelling|first3=Karin|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-date=2019-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215172436/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579305002449|dead-url=no}}</ref>。<br />
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== 功能 ==<br />
CCR5是一种[[G蛋白偶联受体]]，属于整合型膜蛋白的β趋化因子受体家族成员<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Home">{{cite web|url=http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene=ccr5|title=CCR5 - chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (gene/pseudogene)|accessdate=|work=Genetics Home Reference|archive-date=2009-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924213403/http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene%3Dccr5|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="pmid8639485">{{cite journal|title=Molecular cloning and functional expression of a new human CC-chemokine receptor gene|date=Mar 1996|journal=Biochemistry|issue=11|doi=10.1021/bi952950g|volume=35|pages=3362–7|pmid=8639485|vauthors=Samson M, Labbe O, Mollereau C, Vassart G, Parmentier M}}</ref>，在CC趋化因子组中起[[趋化因子受体]]的作用<ref name="Home" />。<br />
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CCR5主要在[[T细胞]]，[[巨噬细胞]]，[[樹狀細胞|树突细胞]]，[[嗜酸性粒細胞|嗜酸性粒细胞]]，小胶质细胞和[[乳癌|乳腺癌]]或[[前列腺癌]]的细胞亚群中表达。<ref name="pmid22637726">{{cite journal|title=CCR5 antagonist blocks metastasis of basal breast cancer cells|date=Aug 2012|journal=Cancer Research|issue=15|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3917|volume=72|pages=3839–50|pmid=22637726|vauthors=Velasco-Velázquez M, Jiao X, De La Fuente M, Pestell TG, Ertel A, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG}}</ref><ref name="pmid25452256">{{cite journal|title=CCR5 receptor antagonists block metastasis to bone of v-Src oncogene-transformed metastatic prostate cancer cell lines|date=Dec 2014|journal=Cancer Research|issue=23|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0612|volume=74|pages=7103-14|pmc=4294544|pmid=25452256|vauthors=Sicoli D, Jiao X, Ju X, Velasco-Velazquez M, Ertel A, Addya S, Li Z, Andò S, Fatatis A, Paudyal B, Cristofanilli M, Thakur ML, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG}}</ref>CCR5在癌症变性过程中被选择性诱导表达，且不在正常乳腺或前列腺上皮细胞中表达。大约50％的人类乳腺癌表达了CCR5，主要是三阴性乳腺癌。<ref name="pmid22637726" />CCR5抑制剂阻断了表达CCR5的乳腺癌细胞和前列腺癌细胞的转移，表明CCR5或可作为一种新的治疗靶点。<ref name="pmid22637726" /><ref name="pmid25452256" /><ref name="pmid25256399">{{cite journal|title=CCL5/CCR5 in breast cancer|date=Nov 2014|journal=Expert Opin Ther Targets|issue=11|doi=10.1517/14728222.2014.949238|volume=18|pages=1265-75|pmc=|pmid=25256399|vauthors=Velasco-Velázquez M, Xolalpa W, Pestell RG}}</ref>最近的研究表明，CCR5在癌细胞亚群中表达，具有癌症干细胞的特征，后者已知可激发对治疗的抗性，而CCR5抑制剂可以增强现有化疗技术的细胞杀伤作用<ref name="pmid29358169">{{cite journal|title=CCR5 Governs DNA Damage Repair and Breast Cancer Stem Cell Expansion|date=Apr 2018|journal=Cancer Res.|issue=7|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0915|volume=78|pages=1657–71|pmid=29358169|vauthors=Jiao X, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Wang M, Li Z, Rui H, Peck AR, Korkola JE, Chen X, Xu S, DuHadaway JB, Guerrero-Rodriguez S, Addya S, Sicoli D, Mu Z, Zhang G, Stucky A, Zhang X, Cristofanilli M, Fatatis A, Gray JW, Zhong JF, Prendergast GC, Pestell RG}}</ref>。<br />
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CCR5在正常免疫中的作用尚不清楚<ref>{{cite journal|title=C-C chemokine receptor type five (CCR5): An emerging target for the control of HIV infection|journal=Applied & Translational Genomics|issue=a|doi=10.1016/j.atg.2013.05.004|year=2013|volume=2|pages=3–16|vauthors=Barmania F, Pepper MS}}</ref>，《複雜疾病遺傳學》（Genetics of Complex Disease）這一本書籍指出：「一般而言，CCR5並不會影響免疫反應，但它在對[[西尼羅河病毒|西尼罗河病毒]]感染的免疫反應中扮演重要的角色」<ref name="Complex Disease">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=5JVwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA241&lpg=PA241|title=Genetics of Complex Disease|first1=Peter|last2=Daly|first2=Ann|last3=Ermini|first3=Luca|last4=Debra|first4=Bevitt|publisher=Garland Science|year=2015|isbn=9780815344919|page=241|last1=Donaldson|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-date=2018-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129111704/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=5JVwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA241&lpg=PA241|dead-url=no}}</ref>。CCR5-Δ32基因虽对部分艾滋病具有免疫作用，但一篇2015年的綜述指其与多发性硬化相关<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Is the CCR5 Δ 32 Mutation Associated with Immune System-Related Diseases?|author=|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10753-012-9585-8|last=Ghorba|first=Khodayar|last2=Hassanshahi|first2=Gholamhossein|date=2013-06|journal=Inflammation|issue=3|doi=10.1007/s10753-012-9585-8|volume=36|pages=633-42|language=en|pmid=23250822|last3=Momeni|first3=Mohammad|last4=Zare-Bidaki|first4=Mohammad|last5=Arababadi|first5=Mohammad Kazemi|last6=Kennedy|first6=Derek|access-date=2018-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617180553/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10753-012-9585-8|archive-date=2018-06-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>，不過在整體研究中它跟自體免疫性疾病的關係存有矛盾<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=GNULCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA117|title=Developments in T Cell Based Cancer Immunotherapies|first1=PA|last2=Stroncek|first2=DF|last3=Wang|first3=E|publisher=Humana Press|year=2015|isbn=978-3-319-21167-1|page=117|last1=Ascierto|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-date=2018-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129142234/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=GNULCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA117|dead-url=no}}</ref>。其跟腫瘤的關係則欠詳細記錄<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=L8uoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&dq=cervical+cancer+CCR5Δ32&source=bl&ots=StXWE4H4ED&sig=WS5dE0CvyN1H6fKDBGxhCEUKPHY&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiB2qnb3fPeAhUYeisKHR9TA9gQ6AEwA3oECAgQAQ#v=onepage|title=Cancer Immunology: A Translational Medicine Context|last=Rezaei|first=Nima|publisher=Springer|year=2015|isbn=978-3-662-44006-3|page=135|access-date=2020-09-25|archive-date=2019-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215172436/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=L8uoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&dq=cervical+cancer+CCR5%CE%9432&source=bl&ots=StXWE4H4ED&sig=WS5dE0CvyN1H6fKDBGxhCEUKPHY&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiB2qnb3fPeAhUYeisKHR9TA9gQ6AEwA3oECAgQAQ#v=onepage|dead-url=no}}</ref>。此外CCR5-Δ32可能會使携带者在感染西尼罗河病毒後出現更嚴重的神經系统疾病<ref name="Complex Disease" />。<br />
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==参考资料==<br />
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{{细胞因子受体}}<br />
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