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基於格式手冊修正日期格式，由Javascript驅動

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{{NoteTA-lite
| G1 = USGov
| G2 = Aero
| G3 = Astronomy
| G4 = 地名
}}
{{Infobox Comet
| name = C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
| image = 071720 C2020 F3 NEOWISE - rotated.jpg
| caption = C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)，2020年7月17日從[[希臘]][[克里特島]]拍攝
| discoverer = [[NEOWISE|近地天體觀測]]
| discovery_date = 2020年3月27日<ref name="discovery_date"/>
| designations =
| orbit_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2020F3 |website=Small-Body Database Lookup |publisher=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov |access-date=2024-06-09 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131025010/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2020F3 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| epoch = 2458953.5（2020年4月4日）
| observation_arc = 113日
| obs = 376
| orbit = [[长周期彗星]]
| aphelion = 538 [[天文單位|AU]]（入境） 710 AU（離境）
| perihelion = 0.29478 AU
| semimajor = 270 AU（入境） 355 AU（離境）
| eccentricity = 0.99921
| period = ~4,500年（入境）<ref name=Horizons/> ~6,800年（離境）
| inclination = 128.93°
| asc_node = 61.01°
| arg_peri = 37.28°
| long_peri =
| tjup = −0.408
| Earth_moid = {{Convert|0.36|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit|lk=off}}
| Jupiter_moid = {{Convert|0.81|AU|e6km|abbr=unit|lk=off}}
| dimensions = ~{{cvt|5.0|km|mi}}<ref name="discovery_date"/>
| rotation = {{val|7.58|0.03}} h
| M1 = 12.1 7.5<ref>{{cite web |title=MPC Orbit (MPCORB) database - AllComet |url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPCORB/AllCometEls.txt |website=Minor Planet Center |access-date=2024-12-28 |archive-date=2024-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303104711/https://minorplanetcenter.net//iau/MPCORB/AllCometEls.txt |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| magnitude = 0.5–1.0 {{small|（2020年）}}
| last_p = 2020年7月3日
| next_p =
}}
'''C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)'''，-{zh-cn:中国大陆命名为'''新智彗星''';zh-hant:又稱'''NEOWISE彗星'''}-或音譯'''尼歐懷茲彗星'''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=590919|title=23年來最亮彗星尼歐懷茲肉眼就看的到|work=人間福報|date=2020-07-09|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814204933/https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=590919|archive-date=2020-08-14|url-status=live}}</ref>，是一顆[[长周期彗星]]，軌道呈[[拋物線軌道|拋物線形]]，由天文學家於2020年3月27日在[[廣域紅外線巡天探測衛星]]（WISE）太空望遠鏡的NEOWISE任務{{noteTag|1=NEOWISE、ATLAS為[[巡天調查|巡天]]任務名稱，SWAN則是[[太陽和太陽圈探測器|SOHO]]衛星搭載的儀器。NEOWISE、ATLAS與SWAN皆已發現多顆彗星，因此名為NEOWISE、ATLAS或SWAN的彗星實際上皆不只一顆（詳見[[彗星#命名規則|彗星的命名規則]]）。為避免歧義，本文所稱的NEOWISE彗星、ATLAS彗星與SWAN彗星，分別特指 C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)、C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS) 與 C/2020 F8 (SWAN)。}}期間發現。當時，它的[[視星等]]為18等，距離太陽{{convert|2|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}，距離地球{{convert|1.7|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}<ref name=MPEC2020-G05/>。

NEOWISE彗星是自1997年[[海爾-博普彗星]]以來北半球最明亮的彗星<ref>{{cite web|url=https://technews.tw/2020/07/24/neowise-comet-c-2020-f3-c2019-y4/|title=抓緊 21 世紀最亮彗星 NEOWISE 最後身影，下次來訪要等 6,800 年|last=Stein|first=Emma|publisher=科技新報|date=2020-07-24|access-date=2020-07-25|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726003302/https://technews.tw/2020/07/24/neowise-comet-c-2020-f3-c2019-y4/|url-status=live}}</ref>。它被專業和業餘觀察者廣泛拍攝，甚至居住在市中心附近和[[光污染]]地區的人也發現了它<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dcfever.com/news/readnews.php?id=28438|title=追星最後機會，NEOWISE 彗星 6,800 年後再見|author=Alex|work=DCFever|date=2020-07-20|access-date=2020-08-01|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814233550/https://www.dcfever.com/news/readnews.php?id=28438|url-status=live}}</ref>。雖然它距離太陽太近，無法在[[近日點]]觀測到，但它從近日點出現的亮度約為0.5至1等，亮度足以用[[肉眼]]看到<ref>{{cite web|url=https://astronomynow.com/2020/07/17/dont-miss-comet-neowise-in-the-evening-sky/#:~:text=Comet%202020%20F3%20(NEOWISE)%20is,like%20a%20'proper'%20comet.|title=Don't miss Comet NEOWISE in the evening|author=Mark Armstrong|publisher=Astronomy Now|date=2020-07-17|access-date=2020-07-29|archive-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719103525/https://astronomynow.com/2020/07/17/dont-miss-comet-neowise-in-the-evening-sky/#:~:text=Comet%202020%20F3%20(NEOWISE)%20is,like%20a%20'proper'%20comet.|url-status=live}}</ref>。在黑暗的天空下，人們可以用肉眼看見它<ref name=Earthsky20200710/>，，並在整個2020年7月一直可以用肉眼看見<ref name=Yoshida/>。到7月30日，彗星的視星等已達到5等左右<ref name=COBS/>，需要在[[市區]]附近用雙筒望遠鏡才能找到彗星的位置。

對於[[北半球]]的觀察者來說，這顆彗星可以在[[北斗七星]]下方的西北地平線上看見。該彗星位於赤緯+45度以北，於2020年7月中旬整夜可見。7月30日，NEOWISE彗星進入[[后发座]]，位於明亮的[[恆星]][[大角星]]下方。

== 歷史及觀察 ==
[[File:PIA23792-1600x1200(1).jpg|thumb|left|在NEOWISE太空望遠鏡於2020年3月27日拍攝的三張紅外線影像合成圖中，三個模糊的紅點就是NEOWISE彗星]]

該天體是由NEOWISE計劃下的一個團隊於2020年3月27日使用[[NEOWISE|近地天體觀測]]太空望遠鏡所發現<ref name="discovery_date">{{cite web |last1=Mace |first1=Mikayla |title=Comet NEOWISE Sizzles as It Slides by the Sun, Providing a Treat for Observers |url=https://neowise.ipac.caltech.edu/news/neowise20200708/ |publisher=[[Infrared Processing and Analysis Center]] |date=2020-07-08 |access-date=2020-07-13 |archive-date=2020-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713121220/https://neowise.ipac.caltech.edu/news/neowise20200708/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。它於3月31日獲歸類為[[彗星]]，並於4月1日以NEOWISE命名<ref name=MPEC2020-G05>{{cite journal |title=COMET C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) |journal=[[Minor Planet Electronic Circulars]] |date=2020-04-01 |volume=2020-G05 |url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20G05.html |access-date=2020-07-13 |quote=On behalf of NEOWISE (C51), J. Masiero reported on March 31 UT that this object showed clear signs of cometary activity. |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715200251/https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20G05.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。其[[彗星的命名|系統名稱]]為C/2020 F3，表示其為一顆非週期彗星，是2020年3月下[[半月]]發現的第三顆彗星。

2020年7月3日，NEOWISE彗星最接近太陽（[[近日點和遠日點|近日點]]），距離太陽{{Convert|0.29|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}。穿過行星區將使彗星的軌道周期從約4,500年增至約6,800年<ref name=Horizons/>。它於2020年7月23日凌晨1時09分（[[协调世界时]]）最接近地球，距離地球{{Convert|0.69|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}，當時彗星位於[[大熊座]]內<ref name=Horizons-CA/>。

7月初，人們可以在早晨的天空中看見這顆彗星，位於東北地平線上方和[[五車二]]下方。從地球上看，該彗星在2020年6月11日至7月9日期間距離太陽不到20度。到2020年6月10日，彗星逐漸消失在太陽的強光中，當時其[[視星等]]為7等<ref name=COBS/>，而彗星距離太陽{{Convert|0.7|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}，距離地球{{Convert|1.6|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}。當彗星在2020年6月22日進入[[太陽和太陽圈探測器]]太空船的{{tsl|en|Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph|大角度光譜日冕儀|LASCO C3儀器}}的視野時，彗星的亮度達到約3等，此時彗星距離太陽{{Convert|0.4|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}，距離地球{{Convert|1.4|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}<ref name=COBS/>。

到7月初，NEOWISE彗星的亮度已升至1等<ref name="UT" /><ref name="ATEL13853" />，遠超當年的彗星[[C/2020 F8]]和[[C/2019 Y4]]的亮度。到7月，它還發展出第二條[[彗尾]]。第一條彗尾是藍色的，由[[揮發成份|氣體和離子]]組成。由於[[鈉]]含量過高，彗尾也出現紅色分離。第二條雙彗尾呈金色，由[[彗星塵]]構成，類似[[海爾-博普彗星]]的彗星。這顆彗星比[[C/2011 L4]]更亮<ref>{{cite news|last=MacRobert|first=Alan|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/sky-and-telescope-magazine/updates-on-comet-panstarrs/|title=Updates on Comet PanSTARRS|work=Sky & Telescope|date=2013-04-02|access-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020053/https://skyandtelescope.org/sky-and-telescope-magazine/updates-on-comet-panstarrs/|archive-date=2020-11-12|url-status=live}}</ref>，但其亮度不及1997年的海爾-博普彗星。彗星在經過近日點後開始變暗，到7月中旬其亮度降至2等<ref>{{citation |url=https://people.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jds/ |publisher=British Astronomical Association |work=Comet Section |author=Nick James |title=Visual observations page |date=2020-07-06 |access-date=2020-07-13 |archive-date=2020-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716184753/https://people.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jds/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。七月中旬以後，其[[彗核]]活動逐漸減弱，此後其綠色[[彗髮]]清晰可見。

2020年7月13日，行星科學研究所的輸入/輸出設施確認其存在鈉尾<ref name=sodiumtail/>。鈉尾僅在非常明亮的彗星（例如海爾-波普彗星和[[ISON彗星]]）中觀測到。

根據[[紅外線]]特徵，估計彗核直徑約5公里<ref name="discovery_date"/>。彗核的大小與[[百武二號彗星]]以及許多[[短週期彗星]]（如[[恩克彗星]]、[[龐士-溫尼克彗星]]、[[塔特爾彗星]]、[[沃夫彗星]]及[[包瑞利彗星]]）相似<ref name="SBDB"/>。到7月5日，[[美國太空總署]]的[[派克太陽探測器]]已拍攝到該彗星的圖像，天文學家也因此估算出彗核的直徑約為5公里<ref>{{citation |url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200711.html |title=The Tails of Comet NEOWISE |publisher=NASA |date=2020-07-11 |author1=Miloslav Druckmuller |author2=Robert Nemiroff |author3=Jerry Bonnell |access-date=2020-07-11 |archive-date=2020-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717095651/https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200711.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。2020年7月下旬，天文學家也報告其他觀察結果，包括與彗髮形態<ref name="AT-20200721">{{cite news |author=Manzini, Federico |display-authors=et al. |title=ATel #13884: Morphological Structures in the inner coma of comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) |url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13884 |date=2020-07-21 |work=[[The Astronomer's Telegram]] |access-date=2020-07-21 |archive-date=2020-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724121454/http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13884 |url-status=live }}</ref>和光譜發射相關的觀察結果<ref name="AT-20200722">{{cite news |author=Lin, Zhong-Yi |display-authors=et al. |title=ATel #13886: The Sodium Emission of comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) observed at KenTing and Lulin observatory |url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13886 |date=2020-07-22 |work=[[The Astronomer's Telegram]] |access-date=2020-07-22 |archive-date=2020-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722130513/http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13886 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AT-20200726ak">{{cite news |author=Krishnakumar, Arvind |display-authors=et al. |title=ATel #13897: CN, C2, C3 production rates of Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) as observed from Himalayan Chandra Telescope, Hanle, India |url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13897 |date=2020-07-26 |work=[[The Astronomer's Telegram]] |access-date=2020-07-26 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727011642/http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13897 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AT-20200809">{{cite news |last1=Mugrauer |first1=M. |last2=Bischoff |first2=R. |title=ATel #13928: Follow-Up Spectroscopy of Comet C/2020 F3 |url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13928 |date=2020-08-09 |access-date=2020-08-10 |archive-date=2020-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929112425/http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13928 |url-status=live }}</ref>。2020年7月31日，[[阿雷西博天文台]]的電波光譜研究中觀測到OH18厘米輻射的強烈偵測<ref name="AT-20200825">{{cite news |author=Smith, Allison |display-authors=et al. |title=ATel #13968: Strong detection of OH 18-cm emission from Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) |url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13968 |date=2020-08-25 |work=[[The Astronomer's Telegram]] |access-date=2020-08-25 |archive-date=2020-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929115336/http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13968 |url-status=live }}</ref>。2020年8月14日，據報彗星自轉的週期為{{val|7.58|0.03|u=hr}}<ref name="AT-20200814">{{cite news |author=Drahus, Michal |display-authors=et al. |title=ATel #13945: Rotation of Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) |url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13945 |date=2020-08-14 |work=[[The Astronomer's Telegram]] |access-date=2020-08-18 |archive-date=2020-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929112853/http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13945 |url-status=live }}</ref>。

在彗星到達近日點並最接近地球後，許多天文愛好者建議將其視為一顆[[大彗星]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aerith.net/comet/weekly/20200718n.html|title=Weekly Information about Bright Comets (2020 July 18: North)|publisher=Seiichi Yoshida|date=2020-07-18|access-date=2020-07-18|archive-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719061109/http://www.aerith.net/comet/weekly/20200718n.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aerith.net/obs/diary-2020.html|title=Seiichi Yoshida's Diary of Comet Observations (2020)|publisher=Seiichi Yoshida|date=2020-07-19|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-date=2020-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720155413/http://www.aerith.net/obs/diary-2020.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almanac.com/when-to-see-comet-neowise-visible-july-2020|title=Comet NEOWISE Updtae: Easy To See In The Evening! When And How To See Comet NEOWISE|publisher=Farmer's Almanac|date=2020-07-18|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719195544/https://www.almanac.com/when-to-see-comet-neowise-visible-july-2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200713.html|title=APOD: 2020 July 13 – Comet NEOWISE Rising over the Adriatic Sea|publisher=NASA|date=2020-07-18|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-date=2020-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715193656/https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200713.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/07/23/act-now-for-your-best-and-last-chance-to-see-comet-neowise-this-weekend-heres-when-where-and-how/#42f0b39135f2|title=Act Now For Your Best And Last Chance To See Comet NEOWISE This Weekend. Here's When, Where And How|author=Jamie Carter|work=Forbes|date=2020-07-23|access-date=2020-07-29|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729131801/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/07/23/act-now-for-your-best-and-last-chance-to-see-comet-neowise-this-weekend-heres-when-where-and-how/#42f0b39135f2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://skycenter.arizona.edu/news/2020/07/great-comet-2020-neowise|title=The Great Comet of 2020 (NEOWISE)|publisher=The University of Arizona's Mt. Lemmon Skycenter|date=2020-07-23|access-date=2020-07-29|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726150007/https://skycenter.arizona.edu/news/2020/07/great-comet-2020-neowise/|url-status=live}}</ref>。其他人則認為，它不夠明亮，彗尾也不夠明顯，不符合大彗星的標準<ref name=raocurtain>{{cite news |last=Rao |first=Joe |date=2020-07-24 |title=The curtain is about to come down on Comet NEOWISE |url=https://www.space.com/comet-neowise-is-dimming.html |work=Space.com |access-date=2020-07-27 |archive-date=2020-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726175854/https://www.space.com/comet-neowise-is-dimming.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。回顧過去，在隨後的幾年裏，NEOWISE彗星被普遍認為是一顆大彗星<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220726.html|title=APOD: 2022 July 26 - Comet NEOWISE Rising over the Adriatic Sea|publisher=NASA|date=2022-07-26|access-date=2024-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://starwalk.space/en/news/great-comets|title=Great Comets: What Are They, And When Will the Next Comet Be Visible?|publisher=Star Walk|date=2024-10-16|access-date=2024-10-17}}</ref>。
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== 軌道 ==

2020年6月29日凌晨1時47分（協調世界時），NEOWISE彗星的逆行軌道穿過[[黃道]]以北，與黃道的夾角約為129度<ref name=UT/><ref>{{cite web |title=NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) |publisher=JPL, NASA |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND='C/2020%20F3'&MAKE_EPHEM='YES'&TABLE_TYPE='VECTORS'&START_TIME='2020-06-29%201%3A40'&STOP_TIME='2020-06-29%202%3A00'&STEP_SIZE='1%20m'&CSV_FORMAT='YES'&LABELS='NO'&CENTER='@sun'&REF_PLANE='ECLIPTIC'&REF_SYSTEM='J2000'&OUT_UNITS='AU-D'&VEC_TABLE='1' |access-date=2020-11-20 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727133324/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27C%2F2020%20F3%27&MAKE_EPHEM=%27YES%27&TABLE_TYPE=%27VECTORS%27&START_TIME=%272020-06-29%201%3A40%27&STOP_TIME=%272020-06-29%202%3A00%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20m%27&CSV_FORMAT=%27YES%27&LABELS=%27NO%27&CENTER=%27%40sun%27&REF_PLANE=%27ECLIPTIC%27&REF_SYSTEM=%27J2000%27&OUT_UNITS=%27AU-D%27&VEC_TABLE=%271%27 |url-status=live }}</ref>。它於2020年7月3日最接近太陽（[[近日點]]），距離太陽{{Convert|0.29|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}。這次穿越將彗星的[[軌道周期]]從約4,400年延長至約6,700年<ref name=Horizons/>。7月18日，彗星在[[赤緯]]+48度達到頂峰，並位於赤緯+42度以內<ref name=Horizons-CA/>。它與地球最近距離的時間為2020年7月23日凌晨1時09分（協調世界時），距離地球{{Convert|0.69|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}}，當時彗星位於[[大熊座]]內<ref name=Horizons-CA/>。

<gallery widths="200">
File:C 2020 F3 NEOWISE.jpg|彗星呈拋物線形的軌道圖
File:Comet_2020_F3-skyview.png|彗星在天空中的位置——逆行環是由地球圍繞太陽旋轉的視差所引起，彗星在最接近地球時的移動幅度最大
File:Animation of C／2020 F3 orbit around Sun.gif|C/2020 F3 繞太陽運行的動畫 {{legend2|magenta|C/2020 F3 }}{{·}}{{legend2|yellow|太陽}}{{·}}{{legend2|Cyan|水星}}{{·}}{{legend2|Gold|金星}}{{·}}{{legend2|RoyalBlue|地球}}{{·}}{{legend2|OrangeRed|火星}}
</gallery>
{{clear}}

== 創作性的彗星名稱 ==
中國的[[全國科學技術名詞審定委員會]]將C/2020 F3彗星定名為「新智」彗星，是因為它是近期一顆比較明亮，受人注目的彗星。「新智」這個命名並非音譯，亦非意譯，由委員會的天文學家[[孫小淳]]命名<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cnctst.cn/xwdt/tpxw/202007/t20200716_569246.html | title = 全国科技名词委发布彗星C/2020 F3的中文名“新智彗星” | date = 2020-07-16 | publisher = [[全国科学技术名词审定委员会]]事务中心 | accessdate = 2020-07-17 | archive-date = 2020-07-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200717154055/http://www.cnctst.cn/xwdt/tpxw/202007/t20200716_569246.html | dead-url = no | language = zh-cn }}</ref>，命名違反國際天文聯會彗星命名法則<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming/#comets |title=Naming of Astronomical Objects |publisher= International Astronomical Union |accessdate=2020-08-20 |archive-date=2013-11-04 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KsdAv7UX?url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming/#comets |dead-url=no }}</ref>，或者彗星中文譯名準則<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://forum.hkas.org.hk/thread-7369-1-1.html |title=香港天文學會討論區《掩星組文件》彗星中文譯名準則 |accessdate=2020-08-20 |archive-date=2020-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325150348/https://forum.hkas.org.hk/thread-7369-1-1.html |dead-url=no |language=zh-hk}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=香港太空館、香港天文學會|title=彗星|edition=第三版|year=2014|pages=48-55|isbn=978-9627054-12-2|publisher=香港太空館|language=zh-hk}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=余惠俊|title=彗星中文譯名準則|journal=臺北星空|publisher=臺北市立天文科學教育館|volume=64|year=2014|pages=8-11|language=zh-tw|url=https://www-ws.gov.taipei/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvNDM5L3JlbGZpbGUvMjE3MDgvMzQyNTI1OS8xZDllZmFhNy03ZjIyLTRiNjAtOTRlMi1hODQxOTU5ZGRiYzYucGRm&n=bm82NGFsbGlub25lLnBkZg%3d%3d&icon=..pdf|access-date=2023-01-10|archive-date=2023-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110044551/https://www-ws.gov.taipei/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvNDM5L3JlbGZpbGUvMjE3MDgvMzQyNTI1OS8xZDllZmFhNy03ZjIyLTRiNjAtOTRlMi1hODQxOTU5ZGRiYzYucGRm&n=bm82NGFsbGlub25lLnBkZg%3D%3D&icon=..pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>。雖然國際天文聯會是世上唯一可以正式命名彗星的官方機構，發現者或發現機構，以及翻譯者都無權自行按照他們的喜好將彗星另行命名，但是中國全國科學技術名詞審定委員會認為「新智」的名字有創意、易讀而通過。是中國大陸罕有將眾多名為 NEOWISE 的彗星中抽出其中一顆，公布創作出來的中文彗星名稱。

== 照片集 ==
按照时间顺序排列：
<gallery heights="170" mode="packed-hover">
File:The Golden Gate Bridge and Comet C2020 F3 NEOWISE and.jpg|7月7日，美国[[加州]][[金門大橋 (舊金山)|金门大桥]]
File:Comet C2020 F3 (NEOWISE) over Split, Croatia.jpg|7月8日，[[克羅埃西亞]][[斯普利特]]
File:Comet NEOWISE over Odessa, Ukraine 01.jpg|7月10日，烏克蘭[[敖德薩]]
File:Cometa C-2020 F3 (NEOWISE).jpeg|7月10日，義大利[[拉斯特拉-阿錫尼亞]]
File:C-2020 F3 (Neowise), Petrivka township, Odeska .jpg|7月11日，烏克蘭[[敖德薩州]]
File:C-2020 F3 (NEOWISE) über Schaffhausen.jpg|7月12日，瑞士[[沙夫豪森]]
File:Comet 2020 F3 (NEOWISE) on Jul 14 2020 aligned to stars.jpg|7月14日，德國[[普爾斯尼茨]]
File:Comet NEOWISE (50155614036).jpg|7月14日，美國[[亞利桑那州]][[弗拉格斯塔夫 (亚利桑那州)|弗拉格斯塔夫]]
File:Comet Neowise, Noctilucent clouds, the International Space Station and deep space communications antenna at Goonhilly Earth Station, Cornwall, UK; July 2020.png|7月16日，英國[[康瓦爾郡]]{{le|古恩希利衛星地面站|Goonhilly Satellite Earth Station}}（照片中同時可見[[國際太空站]]與[[夜光雲]]）
File:Зачарована Десна (2).jpg|7月17日，烏克蘭[[基輔州]]
File:The comet C 2020 F3 NEOWISE set.gif|7月18日，美國[[維吉尼亞州]][[仙納度國家公園]]
File:دنباله دار نئووایز بر فراز قلعه.jpg|7月20日，伊朗[[克爾曼省]]{{le|甘吉阿里汗城堡|Qanj Ali Khan Afshar Castle}}
File:2020-07-21 - Neowise - D Rousseau.jpg|7月21日，加拿大[[魁北克省|魁北克]]
File:Comet C 2020 F3 (NEOWISE).png|7月26日，法國{{link-fr|卡巴里霍斯峰|Pic du Cabaliros}}
</gallery>

== 注解 ==
{{NoteFoot}}

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=Yoshida>{{cite news
|author=Seiichi Yoshida
|title=C/2020 F3 ( NEOWISE )
|url=http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/2020F3/2020F3.html
|access-date=2020-04-04
|archive-date=2020-05-14
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514214832/http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/2020F3/2020F3.html
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name=COBS>{{cite web
|title=C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) plot @ Comet Observation database (COBS)
|url=https://cobs.si/analysis2?col=comet_id&id=1875&plot_type=0
|type=mm.m column
|access-date=2020-07-18
|archive-date=2020-07-16
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716122538/https://cobs.si/analysis2?col=comet_id&id=1875&plot_type=0
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name=Horizons>[[JPL Horizons]] barycentric solution for epoch 1800 (before entering planetary region) 
Goto [https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272020+F3%27&TABLE_TYPE=%27ELEMENTS%27&START_TIME=%271800-01-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272200-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%27400%20years%27&CENTER=%27@0%27&OUT_UNITS=%27AU-D%27 JPL Horizons] 
1800-Jan-01 is "PR = 1.64 × 106/365.25 days" = 4490 years 
2200-Jan-01 is "PR = 2.48 × 106/365.25 days" = 6789 years 
(For [[long-period comet]]s on multi-thousand year orbits, asymmetric outgassing will affect the highly sensitive orbital period and [[Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]].)</ref>

<ref name=Horizons-CA>{{cite web |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2020F3 |title=Horizons Web-Interface |website=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov |access-date=2020-07-24 |archive-date=2020-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708220610/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2020F3 |url-status=live }} Ephemeris Type: Observer, Observer Location: Geocentric 500, Note: Closest approach occurs when deldot flips from negative to positive; Maximum northern declination is 2020-Jul-18 07h)</ref>

<ref name=UT>{{cite news
|title=Comet F3 NEOWISE May Perform in July
|publisher=Universe Today
|url=https://www.universetoday.com/146455/comet-f3-neowise-may-perform-in-july/
|first=David
|last=Dickinson
|date=2020-06-30
|access-date=2020-06-30
|archive-date=2020-07-15
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715193239/https://www.universetoday.com/146455/comet-f3-neowise-may-perform-in-july/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name=ATEL13853>{{cite news
|title=ATel #13853: Morphology and Photometry of Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) from SOHO
|publisher=Astronomer's Telegram
|url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13853
|date=2020-07-02
|access-date=2020-07-10
|archive-date=2020-07-05
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705201938/http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13853
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name=Earthsky20200710>{{cite news
|title=How to see Comet NEOWISE
|publisher=EarthSky
|url=https://earthsky.org/space/how-to-see-comet-c2020-f3-neowise
|access-date=2020-07-11
|archive-date=2020-07-11
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711103545/https://earthsky.org/space/how-to-see-comet-c2020-f3-neowise
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name=sodiumtail>{{cite news
|title=NEOWISE: Rare Image of a Comet's Sodium Tail
|publisher=Planetary Science Institute
|url=https://psi.edu/news/neowisesodiumtail
|date=2020-07-13
|access-date=2020-07-14
|archive-date=2020-07-14
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135035/https://psi.edu/news/neowisesodiumtail
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="SBDB">{{cite web
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: numbered comets and diameter > 4 (km) and diameter < 6 (km)
|publisher = JPL Solar System Dynamics
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=com;obj_numbered=num;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;combine_mode=AND;c1_group=OBJ;c1_item=Ap;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=4;c2_group=OBJ;c2_item=Ap;c2_op=%3C;c2_value=6;table_format=HTML;max_rows=50;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBgBiBjBnBqBsAp;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=combine_mode;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcA
|access-date = 2020-07-13
|archive-date = 2020-07-15
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200715082915/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=com;obj_numbered=num;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;combine_mode=AND;c1_group=OBJ;c1_item=Ap;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=4;c2_group=OBJ;c2_item=Ap;c2_op=%3C;c2_value=6;table_format=HTML;max_rows=50;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBgBiBjBnBqBsAp;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=combine_mode;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcA
|url-status = live
}}</ref>

}}

== 外部連結 ==
{{Commons+cat}}
* [http://www.cometwatch.co.uk/comet-neowise-c-2020-f3/ Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)]{{Wayback|url=http://www.cometwatch.co.uk/comet-neowise-c-2020-f3/ |date=20200710133132 }} - CometWatch
* [https://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2020/04/new-comet-c2020-f3-neowise.html New Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)]{{Wayback|url=https://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2020/04/new-comet-c2020-f3-neowise.html |date=20200714030131 }} – Ernesto Guido & Adriano Valvasori
* [http://aim-muenster.de/AiM-Project-Group/Some-Impressions/Comet-C/2020-F3-NEOWISE/ C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)]{{Wayback|url=http://aim-muenster.de/AiM-Project-Group/Some-Impressions/Comet-C/2020-F3-NEOWISE/ |date=20200716050329 }} – AiM-Project-Group
* {{JPL small body|id=1003667}}

{{大彗星}}
{{2020年太空活動}}

[[Category:2020年彗星]]
[[Category:2020年發現的天體]]

C/2020 F3 - 版本历史

imported>Tisscherry：​基於格式手冊修正日期格式，由Javascript驅動

imported>Tisscherry：基於格式手冊修正日期格式，由Javascript驅動