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'''BitLicense'''是纽约州金融服务部（NYSDFS）根据为公司设计的法规颁发的用于[[虚拟货币]]活动的[[营业执照]]的一类通用术语。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ny-financial-regulator-lawsky-releases-final-bitlicense-rules-for-bitcoin-firms-1433345396 |title=NY Financial Regulator Lawsky Releases Final BitLicense Rules for Bitcoin Firms |author=Michael J. Casey |date=3 June 2015 |work=WSJ |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126191011/https://www.wsj.com/articles/ny-financial-regulator-lawsky-releases-final-bitlicense-rules-for-bitcoin-firms-1433345396 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3133342 Oversight and Regulation of Cryptocurrencies: BitLicense] {{Wayback|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3133342 |date=20190215161716 }}. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). 11-03-2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ft.com/intl/fastft/333531/ny-regulator-issues-digital-currency-framework |title= New York lays out requirements for a 'BitLicense' |work= Fast FT |accessdate= 2018-01-21 |archive-date= 2019-09-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190924171001/https://www.ft.com/fastft |dead-url= no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/06/03/bitcoin-bitlicense-lawsky-rules-final/28405317/ |title='Bitlicense' rules regulating bitcoin released |author=Kaja Whitehouse, USAToday |date=3 June 2015 |work=USA TODAY |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122002520/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/06/03/bitcoin-bitlicense-lawsky-rules-final/28405317/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> 这些规定仅限于涉及纽约或纽约居民的活动。<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfs.ny.gov/legal/regulations/adoptions/dfsp200t.pdf|title=Regulations of the Superintendent of Financial Services, part 200: virtual currencies|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Financial Services|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328214158/http://www.dfs.ny.gov/legal/regulations/adoptions/dfsp200t.pdf|archive-date=2017-03-28|dead-url=yes|access-date=April 13, 2017}}</ref>

==概括==
这些法规将虚拟货币业务活动定义为以下任何一种类型的活动：
*接收用于交易或交易虚拟货币的虚拟货币，除非交易是为了非财务目的而进行的，并且不涉及超过一个名义虚拟货币的数量;
*代表他人存储、持有、维护或控制虚拟货币;
*作为客户业务买卖虚拟货币;
*作为客户业务执行兑现或控制，管理或发行虚拟货币。
但是，以下两项活动不在虚拟货币业务活动的定义范围之内：
*自行开发和传播软件;
*仅将虚拟货币用于交换商品、服务或者出于投资目的的商家和消费者。<ref name=":1" />

==历史==
2014年7月17日，相关部门公布了一项拟议的“BitLicense”的详细信息，“BitLicense”对任何使用[[加密货币]]的居住在纽约的公司或个人进行了规定。<ref name=bitlicense>{{cite press release|author=New York State Department of Financial Services|url=http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press2014/pr1407171.html|title=NYDFS Releases Proposed BitLicense Regulatory Framework for Virtual Currency Firms|date=July 17, 2014|accessdate=July 19, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923054843/http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press2014/pr1407171.html|archivedate=2014年9月23日}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Marco|last=Santori|url=http://www.coindesk.com/new-yorks-proposed-regulations-mean-bitcoin-businesses/|title=What New York's Proposed Regulations Mean for Bitcoin Businesses|work=CoinDesk|date=July 18, 2014|accessdate=July 19, 2014|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201131356/https://www.coindesk.com/new-yorks-proposed-regulations-mean-bitcoin-businesses/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
拟议规定于7月23日在<<[[纽约州立法机构]]>>正式公布并开始了45天的评论期。<ref>''[[New York State Register]]'', [http://docs.dos.ny.gov/info/register/2014/july23/pdf/rulemaking.pdf Vol. XXXVI, Issue 23 (July 23, 2014)] {{Wayback|url=http://docs.dos.ny.gov/info/register/2014/july23/pdf/rulemaking.pdf |date=20170905165750 }}, pp. 14-16. Rulemaking I.D. No. DFS-29-14-00015-P.</ref><ref name=bitlicense/> 2015年2月25日，修订建议通告刊发，另有三十日评论期。<ref>''[[New York State Register]]'', [https://govt.westlaw.com/nyreg/Document/I41a4b512b7e311e493b50000845b8d3e?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=%28sc.Default%29 Vol. XXXVII, Issue 8 (February 25, 2015)] {{Wayback|url=https://govt.westlaw.com/nyreg/Document/I41a4b512b7e311e493b50000845b8d3e?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=%28sc.Default%29 |date=20180122001206 }}, pp. 17-18. Rulemaking I.D. No. DFS-29-14-00015-RP.</ref>

条例于2015年8月8日生效。至少有10家比特币公司因为新规定宣布停止在纽约州的所有业务。<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roberts|first1=Daniel|title=Behind the "exodus" of bitcoin startups from New York|url=http://fortune.com/2015/08/14/bitcoin-startups-leave-new-york-bitlicense/|website=Fortune|accessdate=10 October 2016|archive-date=2018-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118004204/http://fortune.com/2015/08/14/bitcoin-startups-leave-new-york-bitlicense/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="bjny-2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2015/08/12/the-great-bitcoin-exodus-has-totally-changed-new.html |title=The 'Great Bitcoin Exodus' has totally changed New York’s bitcoin ecosystem |work=New York Business Journal |date=August 12, 2015 |author=Michael del Castillo |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2017-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923100541/https://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2015/08/12/the-great-bitcoin-exodus-has-totally-changed-new.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://fortune.com/2015/06/11/bitcoin-shapeshift-new-york-bitlicense/ |title= Bitcoin company ditches New York, blaming new regulations |work= Fortune |date= June 11, 2015 |accessdate= 2018-01-21 |archive-date= 2018-01-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072110/http://fortune.com/2015/06/11/bitcoin-shapeshift-new-york-bitlicense/ |dead-url= no }}</ref> 纽约商业杂志称这是“伟大比特币的[[出埃及记]]”。<ref name="bjny-2015" />
2015年9月，位于波士顿的Circle获得了第一个BitLicense许可证，尽管在2016年12月，该公司已经摆脱了比特币交易所，更多地关注支付问题。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/09/22/circle-gets-first-bitlicense-releases-circlepay-new-service/ |title=Circle Gets First ‘BitLicense,’ Releases CirclePay, New Service |author=Paul Vigna |date=Sep 22, 2015 |work=WSJ |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2017-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708160617/https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/09/22/circle-gets-first-bitlicense-releases-circlepay-new-service/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/22/us-bitcoin-regulations-idUSKCN0RM1TP20150922 |title=NY regulator issues first license for bitcoin company |author=Karen Freifeld |date=September 22, 2015 |work=Reuters |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2015-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127210501/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/22/us-bitcoin-regulations-idUSKCN0RM1TP20150922 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.betaboston.com/news/2015/09/22/circle-gets-first-bitcoin-license-from-new-york-regulators/ |title=Circle gets first bitcoin license from New York regulators |author=Curt Woodward |date=September 22, 2015 |work=betaboston.com |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122071911/http://www.betaboston.com/news/2015/09/22/circle-gets-first-bitcoin-license-from-new-york-regulators/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press/pr1509221.htm |title= Press Release - NYDFS Announces Approval of first BitLicense application from a virtual currency firm |author= NYDFS |date= September 22, 2015 |work= ny.gov |access-date= 2018-01-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180131023602/http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press/pr1509221.htm |archive-date= 2018-01-31 |dead-url= yes }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-exchange-coinbase-receives-bitlicense/|title=Bitcoin Exchange Coinbase Receives New York BitLicense - CoinDesk|date=2017-01-17|access-date=2017-02-02|language=en-US|newspaper=CoinDesk|archive-date=2017-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128102245/http://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-exchange-coinbase-receives-bitlicense/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2015年10月，纽约州最高法院针对虚拟货币的第78条向纽约州金融服务部门提出质疑。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.article78againstnydfs.com/index.html |title=Article 78 against NYDFS |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107014434/http://www.article78againstnydfs.com/index.html |archivedate=2016年11月7日 |df= |accessdate=2018年1月21日 }}</ref> 2017年10月10日<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.article78againstnydfs.com/docs/Index-101880-15/18-Hearing/01-Transcript-version.pdf|title=New York State Supreme Court Hearing Transcript|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031154334/http://www.article78againstnydfs.com/docs/Index-101880-15/18-Hearing/01-Transcript-version.pdf|archivedate=2017-10-31|accessdate=2018-01-21}}</ref> ，圣乔治大法官听取了此案，并于2018年1月3日驳回了此案。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coindesk.com/judge-dismisses-long-shot-bid-overturn-new-york-bitcoin-law/|title=Judge Dismisses Long-Shot Bid to Overturn New York Bitcoin Regulation.|date=3 January 2018|work=Coindesk|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2018-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121181315/https://www.coindesk.com/judge-dismisses-long-shot-bid-overturn-new-york-bitcoin-law/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2016年7月，位于旧金山的[[Ripple]]被授予第二个BitLicense。<ref name=":0" />
2017年1月，总部位于比特币行业资金最多的创业公司之一的旧金山Coinbase获得了第三个BitLicense。截至2017年1月，只有三个BitLicenses被授予，多个申请人也试图获得，但都被拒绝。<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/bit-licenses-how-will-new-york-regulate-bitcoins-1552078 |title=Bit Licenses: How Will New York Regulate Bitcoins? |author=Cameron Fuller |date=31 January 2014 |work=International Business Times |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2018-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121184522/http://www.ibtimes.com/bit-licenses-how-will-new-york-regulate-bitcoins-1552078 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2015/06/03/benjamin-lawsky-unveils-new-yorks-historic.html |title= Benjamin Lawsky unveils New York's historic BitLicense framework - New York Business Journal |date= 3 June 2015 |work= New York Business Journal |accessdate= 2018-01-21 |archive-date= 2018-06-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180629032902/https://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2015/06/03/benjamin-lawsky-unveils-new-yorks-historic.html |dead-url= no }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2015/08/03/benjamin-lawsky-bitcoin/|title=Fmr New York bitcoin watchdog can't help bitcoin startups get license - Fortune|work=Fortune|date=June 11, 2015|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2017-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214205250/http://fortune.com/2015/08/03/benjamin-lawsky-bitcoin/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanbanker.com/news/law-regulation/after-ny-makes-bitlicense-official-focus-moves-to-whos-next-1074677-1.html |title=After N.Y. Makes 'BitLicense' Official, Focus Moves to Who's Next |author=Ian McKendry |date=3 June 2015 |work=American Banker |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406033846/http://www.americanbanker.com/news/law-regulation/after-ny-makes-bitlicense-official-focus-moves-to-whos-next-1074677-1.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.coindesk.com/new-york-releases-final-bitlicense/ |title= New York Releases Final BitLicense |work= CoinDesk |accessdate= 2018-01-21 |archive-date= 2018-02-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180213200841/https://www.coindesk.com/new-york-releases-final-bitlicense/ |dead-url= no }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelbobelian/2015/06/08/nys-bitlicense-reveals-the-difficult-trade-offs-of-regulating-bitcoin/ |title=NY's BitLicense Reveals The Difficult Trade-offs Of Regulating Bitcoin |author=Michael Bobelian |date=8 June 2015 |work=Forbes |accessdate=2018-01-21 |archive-date=2018-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121184742/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelbobelian/2015/06/08/nys-bitlicense-reveals-the-difficult-trade-offs-of-regulating-bitcoin/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/nydfs-bitlicense-draft-2014-7?IR=T|title=NYDFS BitLicense Draft - Business Insider|date=17 July 2014|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2017-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516171418/http://www.businessinsider.com/nydfs-bitlicense-draft-2014-7?IR=T|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/what-bitlicense-regulations-mean-for-bitcoin-cm485273|title=What BitLicense Regulations Mean for Bitcoin|date=10 June 2015|work=NASDAQ.com|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2017-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105170359/http://www.nasdaq.com/article/what-bitlicense-regulations-mean-for-bitcoin-cm485273|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/58166/20150606/new-york-outs-final-bitlicense-for-bitcoin-and-other-digital-currency-companies.htm|title=New York Outs Final BitLicense For Bitcoin And Other Digital Currency Companies|work=Tech Times|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2017-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516174323/http://www.techtimes.com/articles/58166/20150606/new-york-outs-final-bitlicense-for-bitcoin-and-other-digital-currency-companies.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://consumerist.com/2015/06/03/new-york-regulator-finalizes-first-of-its-kind-plan-to-govern-virtual-currency-with-bitlicense/|title=New York Regulator Finalizes First-Of-Its-Kind Plan To Govern Virtual Currency With "BitLicense"|work=Consumerist|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2015-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808040345/http://consumerist.com/2015/06/03/new-york-regulator-finalizes-first-of-its-kind-plan-to-govern-virtual-currency-with-bitlicense/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/03/bitcoin-regulation-new-york-idUSL1N0YP1GR20150603|title=UPDATE 2-New York regulator issues final virtual currency rules|work=Reuters|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2015-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010031742/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/03/bitcoin-regulation-new-york-idUSL1N0YP1GR20150603|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/06/05/new-york-bitlicense/|title=New York sets rules for running Bitcoin exchange businesses|author=Mariella Moon|publisher=AOL|work=Engadget|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2018-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017001740/https://www.engadget.com/2015/06/05/new-york-bitlicense/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.econotimes.com/Companies-burdened-by-BitLicenses-real-cost-75950|title=Companies burdened by BitLicenses real cost - EconoTimes|work=EconoTimes|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2017-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516163120/http://www.econotimes.com/Companies-burdened-by-BitLicenses-real-cost-75950|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coindesk.com/nydfs-22-bitlicense-applications/|title=NYDFS Receives 22 Initial BitLicense Applications|work=CoinDesk|accessdate=2018-01-21|archive-date=2017-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009095507/https://www.coindesk.com/nydfs-22-bitlicense-applications/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==参考资料==
{{Reflist|2}}

==參閱==
*{{le|紐約法規、規則與條例|New York Codes, Rules and Regulations}}

==外部連結==
* [https://govt.westlaw.com/nycrr/Browse/Home/NewYork/NewYorkCodesRulesandRegulations?guid=I7444ce80169611e594630000845b8d3e&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default) Virtual Currencies] {{Wayback|url=https://govt.westlaw.com/nycrr/Browse/Home/NewYork/NewYorkCodesRulesandRegulations?guid=I7444ce80169611e594630000845b8d3e&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default) |date=20180122001202 }} in (Part 200 of Title 23 of) the [[New York Codes, Rules and Regulations]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180926045935/https://www.dfs.ny.gov/legal/regulations/bitlicense_reg_framework_faq.htm BitLicense Frequently Asked Questions] From NYSDFS
{{-}}
{{Bitcoin|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Bitcoin companies]]
[[Category:密碼貨幣]]
[[Category:紐約州經濟]]
[[Category:美國商法]]
[[Category:紐約州法律]]

BitLicense - 版本历史

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