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|1=zh-cn:Google文件系统; zh-tw:Google檔案系統;
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'''BigTable'''是一種[[数据压缩|壓縮]]的、高效能的、高可擴展性的，基于[[Google檔案系統]]（Google File System，GFS）的数据存储系统，用於儲存大规模結構化数据，適用於[[雲端計算]]。

BigTable發展於2004年<ref name="1st-blog">"First an overview. BigTable has been in development since early 2004 and has been in active use for about eight months (about February 2005)." [http://andrewhitchcock.org/?post=214 Google's BigTable] {{Wayback|url=http://andrewhitchcock.org/?post=214 |date=20060616203323 }}</ref>，現今已成為Google的應用程式。像是[[MapReduce]]就常透過BigTable來儲存或更改資料，<ref>"Bigtable can be used with MapReduce, a framework for running large-scale parallel computations developed at Google. We have written a set of wrappers that allow a Bigtable to be used both as an input source and as an output target for MapReduce jobs". pg 3 of "Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data", 2006</ref>其他還有[[Google Reader]]<ref name="google-reader">"Reader is using Google's BigTable in order to create a haven for what is likely to be a massive trove of items." [http://googlereader.blogspot.com/2005/10/google-reader-two-weeks.html Official Google Reader] {{Wayback|url=http://googlereader.blogspot.com/2005/10/google-reader-two-weeks.html |date=20110708041343 }} blog.</ref>、[[Google Maps]]<ref name="maps-orkut">"There are currently around 100 cells for services such as Print, Search History, Maps, and Orkut." [http://andrewhitchcock.org/?post=214 Google's BigTable] {{Wayback|url=http://andrewhitchcock.org/?post=214 |date=20060616203323 }}</ref>、[[Google Book Search]]、"My Search History"、[[Google Earth]]、[[Blogger.com]]、[[Google Code]] hosting、[[Orkut]]<ref name="maps-orkut"/>、[[YouTube]]<ref>"Their new solution for thumbnails is to use Google’s BigTable, which provides high performance for a large number of rows, fault tolerance, caching, etc. This is a nice (and rare?) example of actual synergy in an acquisition." [http://kylecordes.com/2007/07/12/youtube-scalability/ YouTube Scalability Talk] {{Wayback|url=http://kylecordes.com/2007/07/12/youtube-scalability/ |date=20100410072851 }}</ref>以及[[Gmail]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://code.google.com/intl/pl/appengine/articles/storage_breakdown.html#anc-background |title="How Entities and Indexes are Stored - Google App Engine - Google Code" |accessdate=2011-04-05 |archive-date=2011-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006163250/http://code.google.com/intl/pl/appengine/articles/storage_breakdown.html#anc-background |dead-url=no }}</ref>等。Google自行發展出特別的巨型資料庫的原因，自然是效能的問題<ref>"We have described Bigtable, a distributed system for storing structured data at Google....Our users like the performance and high availability provided by the Bigtable implementation, and that they can scale the capacity of their clusters by simply adding more machines to the system as their resource demands change over time...Finally, we have found that there are significant advantages to building our own storage solution at Google. We have gotten a substantial amount of flexibility from designing our own data model for Bigtable." from the Conclusion of "Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data", 2006</ref>。

BigTable不是传统的[[关系型数据库]]，不支援JOIN这样的[[SQL]]語法，BigTable更像今日的[[NoSQL]]的Table-oriented，优势在于扩展性和性能。BigTable的Table資料結構包括row key、col key和timestamp，其中row key用於儲存倒轉的[[URL]]，例如www.google.com必須改成com.google.www。BigTable使用大量的Table，在Table之下還有Tablet。每一個Tablets大概有100-200MB，每台机器有100個左右的Tablets。所謂的Table是屬於immutable的SSTables，也就是存储方式不可修改。另外Table還必須進行壓縮，其壓縮又分成table的壓縮或系統的壓縮。客户端有一指向META0的Tablets的指標，META0 tablets保儲所有的META1的tablets的資料記錄。

==相關條目==
* [[LevelDB]] - Google的鍵／值對（Key/Value Pair）嵌入式數據庫管理系統編程庫，[[BSD特許條款]]開源

==注釋==
{{reflist|2}}

==外部連結==
*[http://research.google.com/archive/bigtable.html Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data]{{Wayback|url=http://research.google.com/archive/bigtable.html |date=20150208070244 }} -（official paper; [http://research.google.com/archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf PDF]{{Wayback|url=http://research.google.com/archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf |date=20091214180249 }}）
*[http://www.cs.washington.edu/htbin-post/mvis/mvis?ID=437 BigTable: A Distributed Structured Storage System]（[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7278544055668715642 video]{{Wayback|url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7278544055668715642 |date=20110418072707 }}）
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615164406/http://www.uwtv.org/programs/displayevent.asp?rid=2787 more video]
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20060616203323/http://andrewhitchcock.org/?post=214 Google's BigTable] -（notes on the official presentation）
*[http://www.baselinemag.com/article2/0,1540,1985047,00.asp "How Google Works"]{{Dead link}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090504062325/http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/is_the_relational_database_doomed.php Is the Relational Database Doomed ?]

{{NoSQL}}
{{Google Inc.}}
{{Google Cloud}}

[[Category:数据库]]
[[Category:Google]]
[[Category:键-值数据库]]

Bigtable - 版本历史

imported>Txkk 来自 2021年5月19日 (三) 10:19