imported>Dragoon17cc：/* 各國八輪裝甲車比較 */

2025-02-24T02:51:40Z

各國八輪裝甲車比較

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{{Infobox Weapon
|name= BTR-4
|image= File:BTR-4E in Kyiv.jpg
|image_size= 300px
|caption= BTR-4
|origin= {{UKR}}
|type= [[裝甲運兵車]]
|is_vehicle= yes
|service=
|used_by=
|wars= [[俄烏戰爭]] [[俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭]]
|designer= [[哈爾科夫莫羅佐夫機械製造設計局]]
|design_date=
|manufacturer= [[馬雷舍夫工廠]]
|unit_cost=
|production_date= 2008 —
|number=
|variants=
|weight= 17.5公噸 26公噸（附加裝甲）
|length= 7.76公尺
|part_length=
|width= 2.932公尺
|height= 2.86公尺（車身） 3.2公尺（炮塔頂）
|diameter=
|crew= 2—3人（取決型號）
|armour=
|primary_armament= 一挺[[希普諾夫2A72機炮|KBA-1或ZTM-1]]式30公厘機炮或兩挺2A7M式23公厘機炮
|secondary_armament= 一挺7.62公厘機槍，或可換裝[[AGS-17烈火自動榴彈發射器]]或[[反坦克导弹|反戰車飛彈]]
|engine= 3TD-3式水平對臥汽缸柴油引擎或[[道依茨]]BF6M1015CP柴油引擎
|engine_power= 500匹馬力（3TD-3） 450匹馬力（BF6M1015CP） 600匹馬力（3TD-4）
|transmission=
|payload_capacity=
|fuel_capacity=
|pw_ratio= 28.6 hp/t 20 hp/t
|suspension= [[八輪驅動]]
|clearance=
|vehicle_range= 690 km
|speed= 110 km/h (道路) 10 km/h (越野)
|guidance=
}}

BTR-4是乌克兰以[[苏联]]时代的[[BTR-60]]/[[BTR-70|70]]/[[BTR-80|80]]装甲车作為技術基础發展的[[八輪驅動]][[輪式裝甲車]]。

==概述==
2002年，根据[[BTR-3|BTR-3U]]在[[阿拉伯聯合大公國]]的测试结果，乌克兰开始研发新型装甲车。2006年，在基辅Aviasvit-21航展上首次展示了BTR-4的[[原型 (工程)|原型车]]。<ref>''Константин Сидоров''. [http://vpk-news.ru/articles/9181 Украинский бронетранспортер — возможный конкурент наших перспективных платформ «Курганец-25» и «Бумеранг»] {{Wayback|url=http://vpk-news.ru/articles/9181 |date=20141228141903 }} // «Военно-промышленный курьер», № 33 (450) от 22 августа 2012</ref>2007年1月，该车通过两栖性能测试。2008年進入量产。<ref>{{cite web |title=BTR-4 Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC) |url=https://www.army-technology.com/projects/btr-4-armoured-personnel-carrier/ |website=Army Technology |date=2022-09-01 |access-date=2022-10-15 |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204111606/https://www.army-technology.com/projects/btr-4-armoured-personnel-carrier/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

2009年，乌克兰与伊拉克签订了出口420辆BTR-4和6架An-32共计5.5亿美元的合同。<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine Fails to Deliver Personnel Carriers, Aircraft to Iraq on Time |url=https://jamestown.org/program/ukraine-fails-to-deliver-personnel-carriers-aircraft-to-iraq-on-time/ |publisher=Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 8 Issue: 24 |date=2011-02-03 |access-date=2022-10-15 |archive-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203013817/https://jamestown.org/program/ukraine-fails-to-deliver-personnel-carriers-aircraft-to-iraq-on-time/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>2011年向与伊拉克交付首批26辆BTR-4。<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine starts first BTR-4 shipment to Iraq |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/business/ukraine-starts-first-btr-4-shipment-to-iraq-102614.html |website=Kyiv Post |publisher=Interfax-Ukraine|date=2011-04-21}}</ref>2012年交付第二批次62辆。<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukroboronprom ready to send to Iraq second batch of 62 BTR-4 |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-economy/1335275-ukroboronprom_ready_to_send_to_iraq_second_batch_of_62_btr_4.html |website=ukrinform |date=2012-04-03 |access-date=2022-10-15 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017164030/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-economy/1335275-ukroboronprom_ready_to_send_to_iraq_second_batch_of_62_btr_4.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>2013年，当第三批40辆<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine to dispatch 40 BTR-4 armored personnel carriers to Iraq |url=https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/51671/ |website=interfax |date=2013-02-08 |access-date=2022-10-15 |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015231621/https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/51671/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>BTR-4运抵伊拉克[[乌姆盖萨尔]]港口时，被伊方以质量缺陷为由拒收，于2014年1月运回乌克兰。[[顿巴斯战争]]开始后，虽是沙漠涂装，索性将这批BTR-4直接运至前线，交予新组建[[乌克兰国民警卫队]]使用。<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian BTR-4: instead of Iraq at the line of fire in Ukraine |url=https://www.news24.com/News24/Ukrainian-BTR-4-instead-of-Iraq-at-the-line-of-fire-in-Ukraine-20140718 |website=news24|date=2014-07-18}}</ref>5月在頓涅茨克州[[斯洛維揚斯克]]附近投入作战。<ref>{{cite web |title=National Guard official: Militants’ attack on blockpost in Slovyansk repelled |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/national-guard-official-militants-attack-on-blockpost-in-slovyansk-repelled-350111.html |website=Kyiv Post|date=2022-05-30}}</ref>

2016年，乌克兰对BTR-4装甲车進行去俄國供應鏈化的改造工程，放弃使用俄罗斯零件，改用北约标准，為了增加動力選項引進德国[[道依茨]]公司製柴油引擎作為動力來源方案。<ref>{{cite web |title="Укроборонпром" передал ВСУ в Донбассе партию модернизированных БТР-4 |url=https://ria.ru/20160323/1395717992.html |website=俄新社|date=2016-03-23}}</ref>

==设计==
BTR-4的車體內部艙室設計沒有繼承蘇聯的BTR-60以降研發的輪型裝甲車，而與德國[[狐式輪型裝甲車]]更為相似。车长及驾驶员的位置在底盘前部(车长右，驾驶员左)。车长和驾驶员身侧均有侧门，头顶也分别开有顶门。驾驶员、车长座椅均为整体吊装式，可依身高进行调节并能向左右转动。車窗均採用[[防彈玻璃]]材質。在車窗降下裝甲防護板時，駕駛員配有一具有夜視功能的潛望鏡確保前方視野，車長則有三具潛望鏡觀察車子的前方與左右方。

駕駛艙後方為動力室，引擎與變速箱裝在此處，動力室右方預留避免一條通道使駕駛車組可以與後方艙室連通。BTR-4的車首設計可以提供駕駛與車長比BTR-80系較好的觀察視野。BTR-4的乘員艙可以配備多種炮塔，可搭乘士兵數量會因為炮塔種類不同而增減。車尾尾門為左右對開設計，無裝設炮塔的型號還有可上開的輔助艙門。成員艙設有可讓步槍對外射擊的槍眼，車身兩側分別有3—4處、車尾右尾門有1處。顶部两侧设有潜望镜供载员观察外部情况。

官方宣傳資料表示，BTR-4車殼採用北約[[STANAG_4569防护标准]]之二級防護規格，僅具有對輕兵器的基礎防禦能力，但廠商有外加裝甲可供選配，在披覆強化裝甲時，具備對重機槍的防禦效果。

==型号==
* BRM-4K - 侦察型
* BTR-4K - 指挥型
* BTR-4KSh -
* BTR-4E1<ref>[http://wartime.org.ua/9610-hkbm-vigotovilo-noviy-varant-btr-4e1-z-dodatkovim-zahistom.html Kharkiv Machine Design Bureau designed new version of BTR-4 with additional protection] {{Wayback|url=http://wartime.org.ua/9610-hkbm-vigotovilo-noviy-varant-btr-4e1-z-dodatkovim-zahistom.html |date=20140313150358 }}. Military panorama. March 12, 2014.</ref>
* MOP-4K -
* BREM-4K - 装甲抢修车型
* BSEM-4K - 救护车型
* BMM-4A -
* BMM-4B -
* BMM-4C -
==使用国==
[[File:BTR-4 operators.png|thumb|400px|BTR-4使用国]]
*{{flag|Indonesia}}
**'''印尼海军陆战队''' - 装备54辆。<ref name="#1">[http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2014_global_defense_security_news_industry/spetstechnoexport_of_ukraine_awarded_contract_to_supply_5_btr-4_8x8_armoured_to_indonesia_2401143.html SpetsTechnoExport of Ukraine awarded contract to supply 5 BTR-4 8x8 armoured to Indonesia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2014_global_defense_security_news_industry/spetstechnoexport_of_ukraine_awarded_contract_to_supply_5_btr-4_8x8_armoured_to_indonesia_2401143.html |date=20160513074146 }} - Armyrecognition.com, 24 January 2014.</ref><ref name="#2">{{cite web |url=http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/march-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/1638-ukraine-to-supply-50-btr-4-armoured-personnel-carriers-to-naval-forces-of-indonesia-tni-al.html |title=Ukraine to supply 50 BTR-4 armoured personnel carriers to Naval Forces of Indonesia (TNI AL) |date=March 15, 2014 |accessdate=2016-06-30 |archive-date=2016-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806092508/http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/march-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/1638-ukraine-to-supply-50-btr-4-armoured-personnel-carriers-to-naval-forces-of-indonesia-tni-al.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="#1"/><ref name="#2"/>
*{{IRQ}}
**'''伊拉克陆军''' - 订购420辆。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Ukraine-Iraq-in-25-Bn-Weapons-Deal-06016/ |title=Ukraine, Iraq in $2.5 Bn Weapons Deal |publisher=Defenseindustrydaily.com |date=2012-10-10 |accessdate=2014-05-25 |archive-date=2014-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707201901/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Ukraine-Iraq-in-25-Bn-Weapons-Deal-06016/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
*{{KAZ}}
**'''[[哈萨克陆军]]''' - 装备100辆。
*{{flag|Nigeria}}
**'''[[尼日利亚警察]]''' - 使用5辆。<ref name="ZA2">{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content|title=Recent Nigerian military acquisitions|author=Guy Martin|publisher=|accessdate=30 March 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XiVrDyDS?url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content|archivedate=2015年4月11日}}</ref> <ref name="ZA2"/>
*{{UKR}}
**'''[[乌克兰陆军]]'''
**'''[[乌克兰民族卫队]]'''
<ref name="#3">{{cite web |url=http://www.ua.all-biz.info/news/index.php?newsid=257529 |title=Лента новостей : ALL.BIZ: Украина |publisher=Ua.all-biz.info |date= |accessdate=2014-05-25 |archive-date=2013-01-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130108074505/http://www.ua.all-biz.info/news/index.php?newsid=257529 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="#4">[http://health.unian.net/country/951849-ukroboronprom-do-oktyabrya-peredast-voennyim-pervyie-bronirovannyie-skoryie-na-baze-btr-4e.html «Укроборонпром» до октября передаст военным первые бронированные «скорые» на базе БТР-4Е] {{Wayback|url=http://health.unian.net/country/951849-ukroboronprom-do-oktyabrya-peredast-voennyim-pervyie-bronirovannyie-skoryie-na-baze-btr-4e.html |date=20150610200547 }} // "[[Ukrainian Independent Information Agency|УНИАН]]" от 15 августа 2014</ref>
<ref name="#5">"''Ранее государство закупило для нужд Нацгвардии 40 новейших БТР-4 в Харькове''" [http://www.unian.net/politics/933030-natsgvardiya-poluchila-pyat-novyih-btr-3e-kievskogo-bronetankovogo-zavoda-smi.html Нацгвардия получила пять новых БТР-3Е Киевского бронетанкового завода - СМИ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unian.net/politics/933030-natsgvardiya-poluchila-pyat-novyih-btr-3e-kievskogo-bronetankovogo-zavoda-smi.html |date=20170922100750 }} // "[[Ukrainian Independent Information Agency|УНИАН]]" от 25 июня 2014</ref><ref name="#3"/><ref name="#4"/>
<ref name="#5"/>
*{{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}} - 自乌克兰虏获。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://armamentresearch.com/Uploads/Research%20Report%20No.%203%20-%20Raising%20Red%20Flags.pdf|title=Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. (Research Report No. 3)|last1=Ferguson|first1=Jonathan|last2=Jenzen-Jones|first2=N.R.|date=November 2014|publisher=ARES|accessdate=26 June 2015|archive-date=2014-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201185108/http://armamentresearch.com/Uploads/Research%20Report%20No.%203%20-%20Raising%20Red%20Flags.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==参见==
*[[乌克兰军事]]
*[[乌克兰陆军]]
*[[BTR-3]]{{UKR}}
*[[BTR-80]]{{RUS}}
*[[BTR-90]]{{RUS}}

==参考文献==
;腳註
{{reflist|2}}

==外部链接 ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.armyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=816 BTR-4 Technical data sheet and pictures]{{Wayback|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=816 |date=20130618053001 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514031718/http://www.morozov.com.ua/eng/body/btr4.php?menu=m1.php BTR-4 Armoured Personnel Carrier] at KMDB
* [http://tanknutdave.com/the-ukrainian-btr-4-apc-family/ The Ukrainian BTR-4 APC Family]{{Wayback|url=http://tanknutdave.com/the-ukrainian-btr-4-apc-family/ |date=20160730201038 }} at TankNutDave.com (includes video, pictures and drawings)

{{乌克兰装甲战车|state=expanded}}
[[Category:乌克兰装甲输送车]]
[[Category:八轮车辆]]
[[Category:两栖装甲输送车]]
[[Category:两栖轮式装甲车]]
[[Category:轮式装甲输送车]]
[[Category:裝甲車]]
[[Category:裝甲運兵車]]
[[Category:步兵戰車]]

BTR-4 - 版本历史

imported>Dragoon17cc：​/* 各國八輪裝甲車比較 */

imported>Dragoon17cc：/* 各國八輪裝甲車比較 */