imported>名字长的让人受不了：维基化

2025-02-28T06:10:00Z

维基化

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{{NoteTA
|G1=IT
}}
{{not|ARC (文件格式)|Arc浏览器|對齊研究中心}}
{{校对翻译}}
{{Infobox programming language
| name = Arc
| logo = 
| file_ext = .arc
| paradigm = [[编程范型|多范型]]：[[函數式編程]]、[[过程式编程]]、[[反射式编程|反射]]
| designer = [[保羅·格雷厄姆]]和[[羅伯特·泰潘·莫里斯]]
| released = {{Start date and age|2008|01|29|df=yes}}
| latest release version = 3.2
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2018|10|28|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arclanguage.org/item?id=20772 |title=Arc Forum: Tell Arc: Arc 3.2 |website=Arclanguage.org |access-date=2018-11-07 |archive-date=2021-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123175456/http://arclanguage.org/item?id=20772 }}</ref>
| typing = [[型別系統|動態]]、[[強型別]]
| influenced_by = [[LISP]]
| influenced = Anarki、HL
| operating_system = [[跨平台]]，在[[Racket]]編譯器上運行
| license = Perl基金會的[[Artistic License 2.0]]
| website = http://arclanguage.org/
}}
'''Arc'''是一種程式語言，[[LISP]]的{{tsl|en|dialect (computing)||方言}}之一，由[[保羅·格雷厄姆]]與[[羅伯特·泰潘·莫里斯]]設計，2008年釋出第一個正式版本。

==歷史==
2001年，[[保罗·格雷厄姆]]宣布正在制作一个名为“Arc”的新的[[LISP|Lisp]]{{tsl|en|dialect (computing)||方言}}。多年以来，他已撰写数篇文章描述该语言的特点与目标，并且Y Combinator的一些内部项目已经用Arc编写，最受关注的是[[Hacker News]]网络论坛和新闻聚合程序。Arc本身以[[Racket]]编写。<ref>{{cite web |url= https://arclanguage.github.io/ |title= Arc Programming Language |publisher= GitHub |accessdate= 2017-04-11 |archive-date= 2017-05-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170507100620/http://arclanguage.github.io/ |dead-url= no }}</ref>

在论文“Being Popular”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paulgraham.com/popular.html|title=Being Popular|first=Paul|last=Graham|accessdate=2017-04-11|archive-date=2017-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502072822/http://www.paulgraham.com/popular.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>中，格雷厄姆描述了他对该语言的一些目标。虽然许多目标非常普遍（“Arc应该是可hack”、“它应该是良好的[[函式庫]]”），但也确实提供了一些细节。例如，他认为一门语言的简练很重要：
{{Quote | It would not be far from the truth to say that a hacker about to write a program decides what language to use, at least subconsciously, based on the total number of characters he'll have to type. If this isn't precisely how hackers think, a language designer would do well to act as if it were.}}

他还表示，一种语言只能实现少量的“公理”，即使这意味着语言可能没有大型组织想要的功能，比如[[面向对象程序设计]]（OO）。事实上，格雷厄姆认为OO是没有用的，因为它的方法和模式只是“好的设计”，并且他看到用于实现OO的语言特性部分存在谬误。<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.paulgraham.com/noop.html | title = Why Arc Isn't Especially Object-Oriented | first = Paul | last = Graham | accessdate = 2013-01-23 | archive-date = 2013-06-26 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6HemUxJKf?url=http://www.paulgraham.com/noop.html | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.paulgraham.com/arcfaq.html |title= Arc FAQ |first= Paul |last= Graham |accessdate= 2013-01-23 |archive-date= 2013-06-26 |archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/6HemVZumg?url=http://www.paulgraham.com/arcfaq.html |dead-url= no }}</ref>Arc于2008年推出，Graham表示其优势之一是其简洁性。<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.linux-magazine.com/Online/News/Arc-Makes-Programs-Shorter |title= Arc Makes Programs Shorter |newspaper= Linux magazine |accessdate= 2017-04-11 |archive-date= 2018-12-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181205193257/http://www.linux-magazine.com/Online/News/Arc-Makes-Programs-Shorter |dead-url= no }}</ref>

Lisp程序员之间的一个争议是，该种语言的[[S-表达式]]是否及应在多大程度上应该用其他形式的语法来补充。格雷厄姆认为当纯粹的S表达式过于冗长的情况下，应该使用额外的语法，他说：“我不认为我们应该在宗教上反对引入语法到Lisp。”格雷厄姆也认为，应该给程序员一个好的[[性能分析|性能分析器]]解决方案来解决效率问题。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://paulgraham.com/langdes.html |title=Five Questions About Language Design |accessdate=2017-04-11 |archive-date=2017-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420195955/http://www.paulgraham.com/langdes.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

=== 反响 ===
在2008年发布后，Arc产生了多种反应，有人称它只是Lisp或[[Scheme]]的一个扩展，而不是一个独立的编程语言。其他人则称赞Arc拆去了Lisp非必要的东西。Arc发布不久后，它被移植到[[JavaScript]]，以及被一个基于[[Eclipse]]的[[集成开发环境|IDE]]“Schemescript”支持。<ref>{{cite web | work = The Register | url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/02/07/lisp_arc_challenge/ | date = 2008-02-07 | place = [[英国|UK]] | title = Web pioneer hits critics with Lisp gauntlet | accessdate = 2017-04-11 | archive-date = 2017-08-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170810130514/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/02/07/lisp_arc_challenge/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>
==範例==
Arc的[[Hello world]]程式碼：
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">
(prn "Hello, World")
</syntaxhighlight>

保罗·格雷厄姆（Paul Graham）使用了一个程序来说明Arc的简洁性。<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.paulgraham.com/arcchallenge.html |title= Take the Arc Challenge |first= Paul |last= Graham |accessdate= 2017-04-11 |archive-date= 2017-03-28 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170328175411/http://www.paulgraham.com/arcchallenge.html |dead-url= no }}</ref>它产生一个表单，包含一个字段，url"/said"。提交表单后会被带到一个带有“click here”链接的页面，该页面本身则会带回包含原来输入字段值的页面。
<syntaxhighlight lang="lisp">
(defop said req
(aform [onlink "click here" (pr "you said: " (arg _ "foo"))]
(input "foo")
(submit)))
</syntaxhighlight>

==版本==

===官方版本===
Arc的第一个公开发布版本出现于2008年1月29日，<ref>{{cite web |url= http://paulgraham.com/arc0.html |title= Arc's Out |first= Paul |last= Graham |accessdate= 2017-04-11 |archive-date= 2017-03-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170321200725/http://www.paulgraham.com/arc0.html |dead-url= no }}</ref>以[[Racket]]（那时为“PLT-Scheme”）实现。该版本以.tar压缩包形式发布，包含Arc的Racket源代码。一份教程<ref>{{Citation | title = Arc | publisher = Y combinator | contribution-url = http://ycombinator.com/arc/tut.txt | contribution = Tutorial | accessdate = 2017-04-11 | archive-date = 2014-06-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140601071643/http://ycombinator.com/arc/tut.txt | dead-url = yes }}.</ref> and a discussion forum<ref>{{cite web|url= http://arclanguage.org/forum|title= Arc Forum|work= Arc language|accessdate= 2017-04-11|archive-date= 2011-07-25|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110725013633/http://arclanguage.org/forum|dead-url= no}}</ref>同时可用。论坛使用也本身以Arc编写[[Hacker News]]程序。

=== 非官方版本 ===
由于官方Arc分支发展缓慢，部分Arc社区的成员已开启非官方代码库存放非官方的修订、扩展和库。其中之一是'''Anarki'''，<ref>{{cite web|url= https://github.com/arclanguage/anarki|work= Arc language|title= Anarki|publisher= GitHub|accessdate= 2017-04-11|archive-date= 2017-09-14|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170914031113/https://github.com/arclanguage/anarki|dead-url= no}}</ref> permitted<ref>{{cite web|url= http://arclanguage.org/item?id=17707|work= Arc Forum|title= Announcement: anarki is no longer world-committable|publisher= Arc language|accessdate= 2017-04-11|archive-date= 2015-03-07|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150307194612/http://arclanguage.org/item?id=17707|dead-url= no}}</ref> anyone to submit changes to the project. 社区管理的wiki<ref>{{cite web |url= https://sites.google.com/site/arclanguagewiki |title= Arc Lang Wiki |publisher= Google |work= Sites |accessdate= 2017-04-11 |archive-date= 2016-12-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161204142849/https://sites.google.com/site/arclanguagewiki/ |dead-url= no }}</ref>是比官方网站更好的信息来源。{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}

'''Rainbow'''<ref>{{cite web | url = https://github.com/conanite/rainbow | work = Conanite | title = Rainbow | publisher = GitHub | accessdate = 2017-04-11 | archive-date = 2018-06-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180611023502/https://github.com/conanite/rainbow | dead-url = no }}</ref>是以[[Java]]实现的一个Arc。

'''Arcadia'''<ref>{{cite web| url = https://github.com/kimtg/Arcadia| work = Kimtg| title = Arcadia| publisher = GitHub| accessdate = 2017-04-11| archive-date = 2018-06-11| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011138/https://github.com/kimtg/arcadia| dead-url = no}}</ref>是以[[C语言]]实现的一个Arc。

==参考资料==
{{reflist |64em}}

==外部链接==
* {{Official website|http://arclanguage.org}}{{en}}
* [https://arclanguage.github.io Arc]{{Wayback|url=https://arclanguage.github.io/ |date=20170507100620 }}于[[GitHub]]{{en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100206171521/http://ycombinator.com/arc/tut.txt 教程]{{en}}

{{Lisp programming language}}

[[Category:自由跨平台軟體]]
[[Category:函数式编程语言]]
[[Category:LISP程式語言家族]]

Arc - 版本历史

imported>名字长的让人受不了：​维基化

imported>名字长的让人受不了：维基化