219.85.14.214 来自 2022年10月26日 (三) 13:02

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[[File:Defending Portland (34939466302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|2017年6月4日美国俄勒冈州波特兰市一场集会中的“All Lives Matter”标语。]]

'''All Lives Matter'''，字面意思为'''大家的命都是命'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/11/12136140/black-all-lives-matter|title=Why you should stop saying "all lives matter," explained in 9 different ways|last=Lopez|first=German|date=2016-07-11|website=Vox|access-date=2019-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926015514/https://www.vox.com/2016/7/11/12136140/black-all-lives-matter|archive-date=2019-09-26|dead-url=no}}</ref>，是批评[[Black Lives Matter]]（黑人的命也是命）运动的口号<ref>{{cite web|last1=Townes|first1=Carimah|title=Obama Explains The Problem With 'All Lives Matter'|url=https://archive.thinkprogress.org/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888/|work=ThinkProgress|date=2015-10-22|accessdate=2016-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604192459/https://archive.thinkprogress.org/obama-explains-the-problem-with-all-lives-matter-780912d54888/|archive-date=2020-06-04|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 支持者 ==
支持All Lives Matter的知名人士包括非裔美国人参议员[[蒂姆·斯科特]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scott|first1=Eugene|title=Tim Scott defends use of "all lives matter"|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/tim-scott-all-lives-matter/|publisher=CNN|date=2015-09-03|accessdate=2015-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512142400/https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/tim-scott-all-lives-matter/|archive-date=2019-05-12|dead-url=no}}</ref>及美国橄榄球运动员{{le|理查德·谢尔曼|Richard Sherman (American football)}}<ref name="#1">{{cite news|date=2016-07-27|last1=Samuel|first1=Ebenezer|title=Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman explains why he stands by that All Lives Matter|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/richard-sherman-explains-stands-lives-matter-article-1.2728272|publisher=New York Daily News|accessdate=2016-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401204042/https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/richard-sherman-explains-stands-lives-matter-article-1.2728272|archive-date=2019-04-01|dead-url=no}}</ref>，其中谢尔曼曾发文表示：“我支持‘大家的命都是命’，因为我们都是人类<ref name="#1"/>。”2015年6月，民主党总统候选人[[希拉里·克林顿]]在密苏里州一所非裔美国人教堂举行竞选活动，在讲话中使用“大家的命都是命”，招来批评<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rappeport|first1=Alan|title=Hillary Clinton's 'All Lives Matter' Remark Stirs Backlash|url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/06/24/hillary-clintons-all-lives-matter-remark-stirs-backlash/|accessdate=2016-12-12|work=First Draft|publisher=The New York Times|date=2015-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214111035/https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/06/24/hillary-clintons-all-lives-matter-remark-stirs-backlash/|archive-date=2020-02-14|dead-url=no}}</ref>。美国话题说唱歌手[[XXXTentacion]]在其金曲《{{tsl|en|Look at Me (XXXTentacion song)|Look at Me|Look At Me!}}》的音乐录影带中表达对“大家的命都是命”运动的支持，遭受批评。影片中，身为黑人的他吊死了一位白人小孩。面对争议，他说影片的目的是表示“你无法否认我杀了一个小孩......我只是想说凶手就是凶手”。而他另一首歌曲《Riot》也批评了参与[[Black Lives Matter]]运动的暴力示威者<ref>{{cite web |last1=A |first1=Aron |title=XXXTENTACION Says "Look At Me" Video Is "All Lives Matter" |date=2017-09-14 |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/xxxtentacion-says-look-at-me-video-is-all-lives-matter-news.37311.html |website=HotNewHipHop |accessdate=2020-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064646/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/xxxtentacion-says-look-at-me-video-is-all-lives-matter-news.37311.html |archive-date=2017-09-18 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

[[本·卡森]]也是“大家的命都是命”的支持者，强烈反对Black Lives Matter运动<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/oct/15/ben-carson-course-all-lives-matter-and-all-lives-i/|title=Ben Carson: 'Of course all lives matter — and all lives includes black lives'|last=Sherfinski|first=David|date=2015-10-15|newspaper=The Washington Times|access-date=2016-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122130206/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/oct/15/ben-carson-course-all-lives-matter-and-all-lives-i/|archive-date=2019-11-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>。参议员[[兰德·保罗]]认为Black Lives Matter“搞错了目标”：“我们认为他们可能想给自己换个名字——如果他们叫“大家的命都是命”，或是无辜者的命也是命的话”<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marino|first=Gordon|title=All Lives Matter Vs. Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter|journal=Commonweal|volume=15|date=2015-09-02|author=|access-date=2020-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604192508/https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/vicissitudes-meaning-%E2%80%98all-lives-matter%E2%80%99-vs-black-lives-matter|archive-date=2020-06-04|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2016年，时任共和党总统候选人[[唐纳德·特朗普]]认为“黑人的命也是命”是带有分裂性质的术语，本质上就是种族主义表达<ref>{{Cite news|first=David|last=Weigel|date=2016-07-12|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter/2016/07/12/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html|title=Three words that Republicans wrestle with: 'Black Lives Matter'|website=Washington Post|access-date=2016-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402224250/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/three-words-that-republicans-wrestle-with-black-lives-matter/2016/07/12/f5a9dfdc-4878-11e6-90a8-fb84201e0645_story.html|archive-date=2018-04-02|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

话题性民调机构[[拉斯穆森报导]]发现，78%受访美国人表示“大家的命都是命”比“黑人的命也是命”更接近他们的想法，只有11%受访者认为“黑人的命也是命”接近他们的信仰。9%的人认为两者都无法体现他们的立场<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/general_politics/august_2015/black_lives_matter_or_all_lives_matter |title=Black Lives Matter Or All Lives Matter? |date=2015-08-20 |publisher=Rasmussen Reports |accessdate=2016-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706143052/http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/general_politics/august_2015/black_lives_matter_or_all_lives_matter |archive-date=2016-07-06 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

在[[2016年美國職棒大聯盟全明星賽]]的表演上，{{le|男高音三巨头|The Tenors}}的成员雷米吉奥·佩雷拉（{{lang|en|Remigio Pereira}}）高举“大家的命都是命”标语，并把加拿大国歌《[[啊，加拿大]]》的歌词改为“我们都是兄弟姐妹，所有人的命都很重要”（{{lang|en|"We're all brothers and sisters. All lives matter to the great"}}），而不是原版的“心怀赤诚，看您崛起，真北之邦自由强壮！”。佩雷拉回应批评时认为：“我为人类和苍生发声。所有人在爱、和平与和谐中生活，一直是我的目标”<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shepherd|first1=Ken|title=Remigio Pereira, who worked 'All Lives Matter' into Canadian anthem, suspended from singing group|date=2016-07-13|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jul/13/remigio-pereira-who-worked-all-lives-matter-into-c/|publisher=Washington Times|accessdate=2016-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817192456/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jul/13/remigio-pereira-who-worked-all-lives-matter-into-c/|archive-date=2016-08-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

达拉斯的“黑人的命也是命”和“大家的命都是命”的活动人士在一次吵架时拥抱，其中一位抗议者在美国有线电视新闻网的画面中表示“这就是破除藩篱的方式”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gauthier |first1=Brendan |date=2016-07-12 |title=WATCH: "We're all brothers and sisters": Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter activists hug it out in Dallas |url=https://www.salon.com/control/2016/07/12/watch_were_all_brothers_and_sisters_black_lives_matter_and_all_lives_matter_activists_hug_it_out_in_dallas/ |accessdate=2016-08-10 |work=Salon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612154036/https://www.salon.com/control/2016/07/12/watch_were_all_brothers_and_sisters_black_lives_matter_and_all_lives_matter_activists_hug_it_out_in_dallas/ |archive-date=2020-06-12 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2016年10月2日，[[國家美式橄欖球聯盟|国家橄榄球联盟]][[芝加哥熊]]的一名穿着大猩猩服装，恤衫前面写着“大家的命都是命”的粉丝于第4节冲入球场，这一幕被电视转播镜头拍到<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/10/2/18324183/fan-in-gorilla-suit-all-lives-matter-shirt-arrested-at-bears-game|title=Fan in gorilla suit, All Lives Matter shirt arrested at Bears game|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=2016-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612154109/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/10/2/18324183/fan-in-gorilla-suit-all-lives-matter-shirt-arrested-at-bears-game|archive-date=2020-06-12|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2020年5月31日，NBA[[沙加緬度國王]]電視評述Grant Napear接受電台訪問時以「All Lives Matter」回應，但正值[[乔治·弗洛伊德之死引发的示威活动]]舉行中，此話亦被沙加緬度國王球員質疑。相隔兩天後他被NBC加州體育台革職。

== 批评 ==
[[File:Rally Against the Immigration Ban (31797745824).jpg|thumb|[[反唐纳·川普抗议运动]]上的标语：“‘大家的命都是命’到底怎么回事’？”]]
{{tsl|en|David Theo Goldberg|大卫·西奥·戈德堡}}教授认为，“大家的命都是命”反映出“种族轻蔑、无视和否认”。在《[[马赫脱口秀]]》中，[[標·馬艾]]支持“黑人的命也是命”运动，认为“大家的命都是命”表示所有人的性命面对相同的风险，但事实并非如此<ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk|dead-url=yes|title=Bill Maher: Why Is BlackLivesMatter Going After Sympathizers Like Hillary and Bernie?|date=2015-08-22|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=2015-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310095444/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRxS2Rb8Mfk|archive-date=2016-03-10}}</ref>。“黑人的命也是命”运动的创始人认为“大家的命都是命”有排他性：“‘黑人的命也是命’不是说你的命不重要，而是说在[[白人至上主义]]的价值观中没有存在感的黑人性命对于你的解放很重要”<ref>{{cite web |title=A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement |first=Alicia |last=Garza |website=The Feminist Wire |url=https://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/ |date=2014-10-07 |accessdate=2015-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002002856/http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/ |archive-date=2015-10-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

在接受{{le|劳拉·弗拉德斯|Laura Flanders}}影片采访时，“黑人的命也是命”运动的联合创始人{{le|艾莉西亚·加尔萨|Alicia Garza}}认为，将“黑人的命也是命”改成“大家的命都是命”展示出黑人并不真正理解国家的{{le|社会种族主义|Societal racism|结构性种族主义}}，其他人的生命比黑人的生命更有价值，但将黑人从这个等式中剔除是不合适的<ref name=TruthOut>{{cite news|last1=Flanders|first1=Laura|title=Building Movements Without Shedding Differences: Alicia Garza of #BlackLivesMatter|url=https://truthout.org/video/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza/|accessdate=2015-03-25|publisher=Truthout|date=2015-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524021736/https://truthout.org/video/building-movements-without-shedding-differences-alicia-garza/|archive-date=2020-05-24|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

时任美国总统[[贝拉克·奥巴马]]曾就“黑人的命也是命”和“大家的命都是命”之间的辩论发表看法<ref name="CBS">{{cite web |title=President Obama defends Black Lives Matter movement |agency=CBS/AP |date=2015-10-23 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement/ |publisher=CBS News |accessdate=2015-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023114806/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-barack-obama-defends-black-lives-matter-movement/ |archive-date=2015-10-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，认为：“我觉得组织者们利用‘黑人的命也是命’这个词，不仅因为他们认为其他人的命也很重要，而且也说明他们觉得这个特别的问题发生在非裔美国人群体，而不是其他群体中”。他也表示“有个法律问题我们需要解决”<ref name=tactics>{{cite news |last1=Tucker |first1=Bryan |first2=Stephen |last2=Hegg |title=Tactics of Black Lives Matter |url=https://www.pbs.org/video/in-close-tactics-black-lives-matter/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024356/https://www.kcts9.org/programs/in-close/tactics-black-lives-matter |publisher=KCTS9 |archive-date=2015-11-02 |accessdate=2020-06-15 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2016年7月，《[[今日美國]]》总结了[[哥伦比亚大学]]社会学教授卡拉·谢德（{{lang|en|Carla Shedd}}）的观点，表示“‘大家的命都是命’事实上可被解释为种族主义”。{{le|乔·费金|Joe Feagin}}教授也表示，白人说“大家的命都是命”来排挤“黑人的命也是命”运动，而“黑人的命也是命”运动已经在说“所有人的自由和正义”。该报道也指出，部分曾在推特用#AllLivesMatter标签发推特的名人已经删除了相关推文并道歉，包括[[珍妮弗·洛佩兹]]和{{le|费蒂·瓦普|Fetty Wap}}。瓦普说他没有完全理解该标签的意义<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/us/all-lives-matter-black-lives-matter.html|title=Why 'All Lives Matter' Is Such a Perilous Phrase|last=Victor|first=Daniel|date=2016-07-15|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603213815/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/us/all-lives-matter-black-lives-matter.html|archive-date=2020-06-03|dead-url=no}}</ref>。报道还提到漫画家[[克里斯·斯特劳布]]用“所有的房子都重要”（{{lang|en|All Houses Matter}}）标签发表了一批房子着火的漫画，表示他对“大家的命都是命”的抗议<ref name="USAToday2016-07-13">{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/13/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter/87025190/ |title=#AllLivesMatter hashtag is racist, critics say |first=Ashley |last=May |date=2016-07-13 |work=USA Today |accessdate=2016-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207182644/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/13/why-saying-all-lives-matter-opposite-black-lives-matter/87025190/ |archive-date=2016-12-07 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

===Facebook涂鸦事件===
2016年2月24日，[[Facebook]]总裁[[马克·扎克伯格]]向全公司员工发表了一份内部备忘录，严厉谴责划掉公司墙“黑人的命也是命”手写标语，在旁边写上“大家的命都是命”的员工。Facebook允许员工在公司墙上自由写下想法和标语。多位员工事后披露了备忘录。由于扎克伯格之前在公司会议中谴责了这种行为，加上公司的其他领导也有类似的请求，扎克伯格在备忘录中认为这种改写的做法做法不仅无礼，而且“恶意满满”<ref name="npr_zuckerberg">{{cite web|last1=Selyukh|first1=Alina|title=Zuckerberg tells Facebook staff to stop crossing out 'Black Lives Matter'|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/26/467985384/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter|date=2016-02-26|website=npr.org|publisher=NPR|accessdate=2016-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617154910/http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/26/467985384/zuckerberg-tells-facebook-staff-to-stop-crossing-out-black-lives-matter|archive-date=2016-06-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>。他在备忘录中表示，“黑人的命也是命”运动并不是说其他人的性命不重要，而是黑人社群希望实现他们应得的正义的表达。备忘录也指出，将某种东西划掉的行为，就其本身意义来说，“意味着将那种声音消音，或者表明一个人的话比另一个人更重要”<ref name="shaunking-zuckerberg">{{cite news|last1=King|first1=Shaun|title=Mark Zuckerberg forced to address racism among Facebook staff after vandals target Black Lives Matter phrases|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985|accessdate=2016-02-26|agency=Daily News|location=New York|date=2016-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202025559/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/king-mark-zuckerberg-forced-address-racism-facebook-article-1.2543985|archive-date=2019-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="guynn">{{cite news|last1=Jessica|first1=Guynn|title=Zuckerberg reprimands Facebook staff defacing 'Black Lives Matter' slogan|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/02/25/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter-diversity/80933694/|accessdate=2016-02-26|work=USA Today|date=2016-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318170616/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/02/25/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter-diversity/80933694/|archive-date=2020-03-18|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="benjaminsnyder">{{cite news|last1=Snyder|first1=Benjamin|title=Mark Zuckerberg Takes Facebook Workers to Task Over 'All Lives Matter' Graffiti|url=https://fortune.com/2016/02/25/mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter/|accessdate=2016-02-26|work=Fortune|date=2016-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129014049/https://fortune.com/2016/02/25/mark-zuckerberg-black-lives-matter/|archive-date=2020-01-29|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 参见 ==
* [[Blue Lives Matter]]

==参考资料==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:2010年代爭議]]
[[Category:2020年代爭議]]
[[Category:主題標籤]]
[[Category:美国种族争议]]
[[Category:美國種族與犯罪]]
[[Category:2010年代美国]]
[[Category:口號]]
[[Category:美国政治口号]]
[[Category:Black Lives Matter运动]]

All Lives Matter - 版本历史

219.85.14.214 来自 2022年10月26日 (三) 13:02