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{{Infobox supernova
|name = ASASSN-15lh
|image = ASASSN-15lhLightCurve.png
|caption =根據Godoy-Rivera等人（2017）發表的數據繪製的ASASSN-15lh[[測光系統#使用中的濾鏡系統|可見光波段]][[光變曲線]]<ref name=gr>{{cite journal|bibcode=2017MNRAS.466.1428G|arxiv=1605.00645|title=The unexpected, long-lasting, UV rebrightening of the superluminous supernova ASASSN-15lh|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=466|issue=2|pages=1428|last1=Godoy-Rivera|first1=D.|last2=Stanek|first2=K. Z.|last3=Kochanek|first3=C. S.|last4=Chen|first4=Ping|last5=Dong|first5=Subo|last6=Prieto|first6=J. L.|last7=Shappee|first7=B. J.|last8=Jha|first8=S. W.|last9=Foley|first9=R. J.|last10=Pan|first10=Y.-C.|last11=Holoien|first11=T. W.-S.|last12=Thompson|first12=Todd. A.|last13=Grupe|first13=D.|last14=Beacom|first14=J. F.|year=2017|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw3237|s2cid=119253925}}</ref>。紫色線表示宿主星系的亮度。
|epoch = [[J2000.0|J2000]]
|type = [[極超新星]] SLSNe（Type Ic）
|SNRtype =
|host = APMUKS(BJ) B215839.70−615403.9
|constellation = [[印第安座]]
|ra = {{RA|22|2|15.45}}<ref name="sky">{{cite web |url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/most-luminous-supernova-07131522/ |title=The Most Luminous Supernova |work=Sky & Telescope |first=Monica |last=Young |date=July 12, 2015 |accessdate=January 16, 2016 |archive-date=2019-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130034824/https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/most-luminous-supernova-07131522/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|dec = {{DEC|-61|39|34.64}}<ref name="sky"/>
|gal =
|redshift = 0.2326
|discovery = 2015年6月15
|mag_v = 16.9
|distance = {{Convert|1171|Mpc|Gly|disp=br|lk=on}}
|progenitor =
|progenitor_type =
|b-v =
|notes =
|names = SN 2015L
}}
'''ASASSN-15lh''' （[[天體命名#超新星|超新星名稱]] '''SN 2015L'''<ref name=sn_id>{{cite journal|title=SN 2015L|publisher=[[Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams]]|work=Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams|volume=4120|url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/004100/CBET004120.txt|date=24 July 2015|editor=Daniel W. E. Green|authors=S. Dong, B.J. Shappee, J.L. Prieto, S.W. Jha, K.Z. Stanek, T.W.-S. Holoien, C.S. Kochanek, T.A. Thompson, N. Morrell, I.B. Thompson, U. Basu, J.F. Beacom, D. Bersier, J. Brimacombe, J.S. Brown, P. Chen, E. Conseil, A.B. Danilet, E. Falco, D. Grupe, S. Kiyota, G. Masi, B. Nicholls, F. Olivares, G. Pignata, G. Pojmanski, G.V. Simonian, D.M. Szczygiel, P.R. Wozniak|bibcode=2015CBET.4120....1D|journal=|access-date=2016-01-19|archive-date=2016-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006003600/http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/004100/CBET004120.txt|dead-url=no}}</ref>）是由{{link-en|全天自動超新星搜索項目|All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae}}（All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae，ASAS-SN）於2015年在南天[[印第安座]]發現的一顆[[極超新星]]<ref name="sky"/>。此一發現也由ASAS-SN的其它望遠鏡得到證實<ref name="sky"/>，並且由北京大學凱維里理論物理研究所东蘇勃（Subo Dong）領銜在2016年1月15日的《[[科學 (期刊)|科學]]》這本期刊上正式發表論文<ref name="Dong" />。ASASSN-15lh是曾經檢測到最明亮的超新星；它的亮度大約是整個[[銀河系]]的50倍<ref name=phys>{{cite web|author1=Carnegie Institution for Science|title=Most-luminous supernova ever discovered|url=http://phys.org/news/2016-01-most-luminous-supernova.html|publisher=phys.org|accessdate=January 15, 2016|date=January 14, 2016|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131056/http://phys.org/news/2016-01-most-luminous-supernova.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>，[[能量通量]]超過[[太陽]]的5,700億倍<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cowen|first1=Ron|title=Brightest-ever supernova still baffles astronomers|journal=Nature|date=January 14, 2016|doi=10.1038/nature.2016.19176}}</ref><ref name=Bhanoo15Jan>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/19/science/ball-of-gas-has-energy-of-hundreds-of-billions-of-suns.html|title=Supernova Has Energy of Hundreds of Billions of Suns|date=January 15, 2016|accessdate=January 16, 2016|work=The New York Times|first=Sindya N.|last=Bhanoo|archive-date=2016-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312104642/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/19/science/ball-of-gas-has-energy-of-hundreds-of-billions-of-suns.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。峰值[[絕對星等]]為{{val|-23.5}}，在最初50天散佚的能量達到{{val|2.2|e=38}} [[瓦]]<ref name=Dong />。這顆超新星的[[紅移]]是0.2326，是停滯但照亮了距離地球38億光年的星系<ref name=Dong>{{cite journal|last1=Dong|first1=S.|last2=Shappee|first2=B. J.|last3=Prieto|first3=J. L.|last4=Jha|first4=S. W.|last5=Stanek|first5=K. Z.|last6=Holoien|first6=T. W.- S.|last7=Kochanek|first7=C. S.|last8=Thompson|first8=T. A.|last9=Morrell|first9=N.|last10=Thompson|first10=I. B.|last11=Basu|first11=U.|last12=Beacom|first12=J. F.|last13=Bersier|first13=D.|last14=Brimacombe|first14=J.|last15=Brown|first15=J. S.|last16=Bufano|first16=F.|last17=Chen|first17=P.|last18=Conseil|first18=E.|last19=Danilet|first19=A. B.|last20=Falco|first20=E.|last21=Grupe|first21=D.|last22=Kiyota|first22=S.|last23=Masi|first23=G.|last24=Nicholls|first24=B.|last25=Olivares E.|first25=F.|last26=Pignata|first26=G.|last27=Pojmanski|first27=G.|last28=Simonian|first28=G. V.|last29=Szczygiel|first29=D. M.|last30=Wo niak|first30=P. R.|display-authors=10|title=ASASSN-15lh: A highly super-luminous supernova|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_science_2016-01-15_351_6270/page/256|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|date=January 15, 2016|volume=351|issue=6270|pages=257–260|doi=10.1126/science.aac9613|arxiv=1507.03010|bibcode=2016Sci...351..257D}}</ref><ref name=Bhanoo15Jan/>。根據ASAS-SN的主要研究人員，[[俄亥俄州立大學]]斯基·施塔內克的調查，"如果它是在我們自己的星系，它會比滿月還要明亮，夜晚將會消失，在白天也很容易看見它<ref name=Boyle14Jan>{{cite news|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28772-weve-found-the-brightest-ever-supernova-but-cant-explain-it/|title=We've found the brightest ever supernova but can't explain it|first=Rebecca|last=Boyle|work=New Scientist|date=January 14, 2016|accessdate=January 15, 2016|archive-date=2016-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224124913/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28772-weve-found-the-brightest-ever-supernova-but-cant-explain-it|dead-url=no}}</ref>"。

== 發現 ==
在2015年的6月，ASAS-SN設在智利的一對14cm望遠鏡在觀測時最先注意到這顆可能是超新星，研究小組給它的名稱是ASASSN-15lh<ref name="sciam">{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/found-the-most-powerful-supernova-ever-seen/|title=Found: The Most Powerful Supernova Ever Seen|work=[[Scientific American]]|first=Lee|last=Billings|date=January 14, 2016|accessdate=January 16, 2016|archive-date=2018-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118100022/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/found-the-most-powerful-supernova-ever-seen/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這顆超新星出現在圖像上是個瞬態的光點，而從其它的望遠鏡確定和補充了資料<ref name="sciam"/>。在智利的[[拉斯坎帕納斯天文台]]使用2.5米的[[拉斯坎帕納斯天文台#望遠鏡|杜邦望遠鏡]]提供了ASASSN-15lh的光譜<ref name="sciam"/>；[[南非大望遠鏡]]測量了它的[[紅移]]，還有它的亮度和距離<ref name=Dong/>。[[雨燕衛星|''Swift''太空望遠鏡]]也提供了觀測<ref name=Dong/>。在7月24日，此一事件正式收到[[天文電報編輯中心]]的[[天體命名#超新星|超新星名稱]]為SN 2015 L<ref name=sn_id/>。

在它的峰值，ASASSN-15lh的亮度是之前最亮的超亮超新星，[[iPTF13ajg]]的兩倍<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/brightest-supernova-baffles-astronomers-0115201667/| title =Brightest Supernova Baffles Astronomers| first =Monica| last =Young| work =Sky & Telescope| date =January 15, 2016| accessdate =January 16, 2016| archive-date =2018-12-04| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20181204044718/https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/brightest-supernova-baffles-astronomers-0115201667/| dead-url =no}}</ref>。稍後，其它的影像顯示這顆超新星在2015年5月8日已經出現了，在這個階段的星等是17.4<ref name=Dong/>。從5月8日起，這顆超星持續的增光，直到6月5日達到16.9的峰值星等；到了9月亮度已經降至18.2等<ref name=Dong/>。

以前觀測到的極亮超新星（superluminous supernovae，SLSNs），也稱為[[極超新星]]，曾經在相對較小但"忙碌"產生恆星的星系中發現，相較於ASASSN-15lh是位於大啖平靜的星系內，是以前不知道也未曾發現過SLSNs類型的超新星<ref name=Thomson14Jan>{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2016/0114/Astronomers-spot-brightest-supernova-in-history|title=Astronomers spot brightest supernova in history|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=January 14, 2016|accessdate=January 15, 2016|first=Jason|last=Thomson|archive-date=2018-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618111552/https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2016/0114/Astronomers-spot-brightest-supernova-in-history|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這種爆炸比典型的超新星強大100至1,000倍<ref name=phys/>。

來自這種超新星的光顯示有寬闊的電離[[氧]]（O II）和[[鎂]]（Mg II）的吸收線，但是沒有檢測到氫或氦<ref name=Dong/>。

== 建議的機制 ==
可能是[[超大質量黑洞]]吞噬恆星<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.solidot.org/story?sid=50720 |title=Solidot {{!}} 最明亮的超新星更可能是黑洞吞噬的恆星 |accessdate=2016-12-16 |archive-date=2016-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214133727/http://www.solidot.org/story?sid=50720 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 前身星 ==
ASASSN-15lh朝向地球輻射藍色的光<ref name="sky"/>，它的前身可能是顆大質量並快速自轉的藍色、高溫星<ref name="astronomy">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/01/brightest-supernova-ever-seen-pushes-theoretical-models-to-the-edge|title=Brightest supernova ever seen pushes theoretical models to the edge|work=[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy]]|first=Kiona|last=Smith-Strickland|date=January 14, 2016|accessdate=January 17, 2016|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923214605/http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/01/brightest-supernova-ever-seen-pushes-theoretical-models-to-the-edge|dead-url=no}}</ref>。ASASSN-15lh缺乏[[氫]]和[[氦]]這兩種元素，似乎早在它爆炸之前就已經從表面剝離掉了<ref name="astronomy"/>。它可能是顆[[沃尔夫–拉叶星|沃夫-瑞葉星]]<ref name="astronomy"/>。

== 星系 ==
ASASSN-15lh的宿主星系是APMUKS(BJ) B215839.70−615403.9<ref name=Dong/>。宿主星系的視星等為18.5，並且呈現紅色。在這顆超新星出現之前，它一直維持穩定的光度。星系光譜最強的部份在近紅外線波長1μm處 <ref name=Dong/>。

== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== 進階讀物 ==
*{{cite web|last1=Parnell|first1=Brid-Aine|title=Superluminous Supernova Is The Brightest Ever Seen|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/bridaineparnell/2016/01/15/superluminous_supernova/|website=Forbes|accessdate=January 15, 2016|archive-date=2016-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627225539/http://www.forbes.com/sites/bridaineparnell/2016/01/15/superluminous_supernova/|dead-url=no}}

{{2015年太空活動}}

[[Category:2015年发现的天体]]
[[Category:極超新星]]
[[Category:印第安座]]
[[Category:超新星]]

ASASSN-15lh - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 1 book for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 1 book for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot