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{{Expert needed|subject=技術|subject2=電子學}}
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[[File:3D_XPoint.png|缩略图|3D XPoint的双层结构图]]
'''3D XPoint'''（此处“X”发音为“cross”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel, Micron debut 3D XPoint storage technology 1,000x faster than current SSDs |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/intel-and-micron-debut-3d-xpoint-storage-technology-thats-1000-times-faster-than-existing-drives/ |website=CNET |language=en |last=Ngo |first=Dong |access-date=2024-12-27 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114113003/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/intel-and-micron-debut-3d-xpoint-storage-technology-thats-1000-times-faster-than-existing-drives/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>）是由[[英特尔]]与[[镁光]]共同开发的一种已停产的[[非易失性存储器]]技术，英特尔旗下使用该项技术的产品品牌名为'''傲腾'''（{{langx|en|Optane}}，前译“闪腾”），而镁光产品的品牌名则是'''QuantX'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Micron Announces QuantX Branding For 3D XPoint Memory |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/10556/micron-announces-quantx-branding-for-3d-xpoint-memory |website=AnandTech |date=2016-08-09 |language=en-US |last=Tallis |first=Billy |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114114713/https://www.anandtech.com/show/10556/micron-announces-quantx-branding-for-3d-xpoint-memory |dead-url=no }}</ref>，这项技术的开发始于2012年<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel and Micron unveil 3D XPoint — a new class of memory |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/1628487/intel-and-micron-unveil-3d-xpoint-a-new-class-of-memory.html |website=Computerworld |date=2015-07-28 |language=en |last=Lawson |first=Stephen |access-date=2024-12-27 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125201009/https://www.computerworld.com/article/1628487/intel-and-micron-unveil-3d-xpoint-a-new-class-of-memory.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>，并发布于2015年7月，首批运用该技术的实际产品则是在2017年初上市。其是一种立体化结构的存储技术<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=英特尔® 傲腾™技术改变内存和存储功能 |url=https://www.intel.cn/content/www/cn/zh/products/docs/storage/optane-technology-brief.html |website=Intel |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123150122/https://www.intel.cn/content/www/cn/zh/products/docs/storage/optane-technology-brief.html |archive-date=2021-01-23 |access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref>，由选择器和内存单元共同组成，支持按字节寻址<ref>{{Cite web |title=3D XPoint: A Memory Game Changer |url=https://www.networkcomputing.com/data-center-networking/3d-xpoint-a-memory-game-changer |website=NetworkComputing |language=en |last=O'Reilly |first=Jim |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114223903/https://www.networkcomputing.com/data-center-networking/3d-xpoint-a-memory-game-changer |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Intel Optane Persistent Memory aims to fill the gap DRAM can't |url=https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Intel-Optane-Persistent-Memory-aims-to-fill-the-gap-DRAM-cant |website=Computer Weekly |date=2020-11-10 |language=en |last=Adshead |first=Antony |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112200849/https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Intel-Optane-Persistent-Memory-aims-to-fill-the-gap-DRAM-cant |dead-url=no }}</ref>，虽然英特尔和镁光都没有公布3D XPoint的具体技术细节，但其仍被普遍认为是一种[[相变化存储器]]技术<ref name=":2" />，利用单元电阻值差异来存储数据<ref>{{Cite journal |author=许山白 |title=存储新革命：3D XPoint初解析 |url=https://archive.org/details/mic2014-2016/%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA2016/%E3%80%8A%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E3%80%8B2016%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%884GB%20%E7%9C%9F%E6%9C%89%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%EF%BC%9F4%20%E6%AC%BE%204GB%E7%89%88%20GTX%20960%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%8F%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%89/page/n93/mode/2up |journal=微型计算机 |publication-date=2016-04-01 |issue=640 |page=96-100}}</ref>，相较于传统NAND闪存而言拥有性能与寿命上的优势<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hady |first=Frank T. |last2=Foong |first2=Annie |last3=Veal |first3=Bryan |last4=Williams |first4=Dan |title=Platform Storage Performance With 3D XPoint Technology |url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8003284/ |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |date=2017-09 |volume=105 |issue=9 |doi=10.1109/JPROC.2017.2731776 |issn=0018-9219 |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2024-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705073722/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8003284/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>，英特尔称3D XPoint拥有相近于[[动态随机存储器|DRAM]]的速度<ref name=":1" />，除了可单独作为[[辅助存储器|外存]]外，也可用用于加速其它[[外存储器|外存]]的[[缓存]]，亦或是与普通[[动态随机存储器|DRAM]]相搭配，作为成本更低的[[主存储器|内存]]方案<ref name=":2" />。

英特尔基于3D XPoint所推出的傲腾系列产品共有五个分支：提供给企业的傲腾持久内存与傲腾数据中心级固态硬盘，以及消费级产品傲腾固态硬盘、傲腾增强型SSD与傲腾内存<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Optane: What the different Optane products are, and where you’ll see them |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/403561/everything-you-need-to-know-about-optane-right-now.html |website=PCWorld |date=2019-04-11 |language=en |last=Ung |first=Gordon Mah |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114220735/https://www.pcworld.com/article/403561/everything-you-need-to-know-about-optane-right-now.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>，而镁光虽然在2016年就已经与英特尔一起宣布了其旗下3D XPoint产品品牌QuantX，但其直到2019年才推出其首款公开发售的3D XPoint产品X100 NVMe SSD<ref>{{Cite web |title=Micron Finally Rolls 3D XPoint SSD: X100 Billed as 'World's Fastest' with 2.5 Million IOPS and 9 GBps |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/micron-finally-rolls-3d-xpoint-ssd-x100-billed-as-worlds-fastest-with-25-million-iops-and-9-gbps |website=Tom's Hardware |date=2019-10-24 |language=en |last=Alcorn |first=Paul |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115021012/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/micron-finally-rolls-3d-xpoint-ssd-x100-billed-as-worlds-fastest-with-25-million-iops-and-9-gbps |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2018年，英特尔与镁光共同宣布，在完成了第二代3D XPoint技术的开发后，下一代3D XPoint技术将不再由两家公司合作开发，而是转而由两家公司各自独立开发<ref>{{Cite web |title=XPoint Shakeup: Intel and Micron to Cease Joint Development of 3D XPoint Next Year |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-micron-3d-xpoint-imft,37461.html |website=Tom's Hardware |date=2018-07-16 |language=en |last=Alcorn |first=Paul |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114103554/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-micron-3d-xpoint-imft,37461.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel and Micron To Dissolve 3D XPoint Partnership After 2019 |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/13083/intel-and-micron-update-3d-xpoint-roadmap-combined-effort-2nd-gen-3rd-gen-separate |website=AnandTech |date=2018-07-16 |language=en-US |last=Cutress |first=Ian |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128114404/https://www.anandtech.com/show/13083/intel-and-micron-update-3d-xpoint-roadmap-combined-effort-2nd-gen-3rd-gen-separate |dead-url=no }}</ref>。2021年1月，英特尔宣布将停止为[[消費電子產品|消费级]]市场提供傲腾产品<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Discontinues Optane-Only SSDs for Consumers |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/intel-discontinues-optane-only-ssds-for-consumers |website=PCMAG |date=2021-01-18 |language=en |last=Humphries |first=Matthew |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229155144/https://www.pcmag.com/news/intel-discontinues-optane-only-ssds-for-consumers |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Intel Winding Down Its Optane Memory Business |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomcoughlin/2022/07/28/intel-winding-down-its-optane-memory-business/ |website=Forbes |date=2022-07-28 |language=en-US |last=Coughlin |first=Thomas |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114183921/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomcoughlin/2022/07/28/intel-winding-down-its-optane-memory-business/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。同年3月，镁光宣布将终止其3D XPoint业务，将资源转移到对[[Compute Express Link]]内存产品的开发上<ref>{{Cite web |title=Micron Ends 3D XPoint Memory |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomcoughlin/2021/03/16/micron-ends-3d-xpoint-memory/ |website=Forbes |date=2021-03-16 |language=en |last=Coughlin |first=Thomas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316221717/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomcoughlin/2021/03/16/micron-ends-3d-xpoint-memory/ |archive-date=2021-03-16 |access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref>，随后将其旗下用于生产3D XPoint产品的[[犹他州]][[利哈伊 (犹他州)|利哈伊市]]晶圆厂以9亿美元的价格出售予[[德州仪器]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Micron Sells Lehi 3D XPoint Fab to Texas Instruments for $900M |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16800/micron-sells-lehi-3d-xpoint-fab-to-texas-instruments-for-900m |website=AnandTech |date=2021-07-01 |language=en-US |last=Smith |first=Ryan |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114225659/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16800/micron-sells-lehi-3d-xpoint-fab-to-texas-instruments-for-900m |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Micron completes sale of Lehi fab to Texas Instruments |url=https://www.micron.com/about/blog/company/partners/sale-of-lehi-fab |website=Micron |date=2021-11 |language=en-US |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114193701/https://www.micron.com/about/blog/company/partners/sale-of-lehi-fab |dead-url=no }}</ref>。2022年，英特尔又于其该年第二季度财报当中宣布将逐步关闭傲腾业务<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Reports Second-Quarter 2022 Financial Results |url=https://www.intc.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1563/intel-reports-second-quarter-2022-financial-results |website=Intel Corporation |date=2022-07-28 |language=en |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2022-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728201439/https://www.intc.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1563/intel-reports-second-quarter-2022-financial-results |dead-url=no }}</ref>，3D XPoint至此彻底退市。

== 背景与阐述 ==
{{External media|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wgk4U4qVpNY 英特尔对3D XPoint技术的介绍视频]}}
3D XPoint的开发始于2012年。英特尔和美光之前已开发了其他非易失性[[相變化記憶體]]（PCM）技术；{{refn|group="注"|英特尔与{{tsl|en|Numonyx}}在2009年提出了64 Gb可堆叠PCM芯片<ref name="inummile"/>}}美光{{tsl|en|Mark Durcan}}说：3D XPoint架构不同于以前提供的PCM，并为闪存单元的选择器和存储部分采用{{tsl|en|Chalcogenide glass|硫族化物玻璃|硫族化物}}材料，从而比传统的PCM材料（例如{{tsl|en|GeSbTe||GST}}）更快、更稳定。<ref name="ee4" />

截至2015年，英特尔或美光尚未提供该技术的完整细节，尽管该项技术已经声明“不基于电子”。<ref>{{Citation|last=Neale|first=Ron|title=Imagining What’s Inside 3D XPoint|date=14 Aug 2015|url=http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1327417|work=www.eetimes.com|access-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703132304/http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1327417|archive-date=2017-07-03|dead-url=yes}}</ref>3D XPoint已经被声明使用电阻并且是位元可寻址。<ref name="extremetech" />类似{{tsl|en|Crossbar (computer hardware manufacturer)|Crossbar公司}}正在开发的[[可變電阻式記憶體]]，但3D XPoint存储的物理结构不同。3D XPoint的开发商表示其基于“bulk材料的电阻变化”。<ref name="ee2" />英特尔首席执行官Brian Krzanich回应了对XPoint材料的提问，称切换是基于“bulk材料性能”。<ref name="ee3" />英特尔已表示3D XPoint不使用相变或[[憶阻器]]技术。<ref name="reg1" />

根据最近的一篇文章，“似乎没有其他供应商有能比拟XPoint性能和耐用性的类似的电阻式内存/相变存储器技术。”<ref>By Chris Mellor, The Register. “[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/04/21/xpoint_is_intels_exit_from_nand_production_hell/ Goodbye: XPoint is Intel's best exit from NAND production hell] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/04/21/xpoint_is_intels_exit_from_nand_production_hell/ |date=20191203112135 }}.” April 21, 2016. April 22, 2016.</ref>

各个数据单元不需要[[晶体管]]，因此封装密度将是DRAM的4倍。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://semiaccurate.com/2016/09/12/intels-xpoint-pretty-much-broken/|title=Intel’s Xpoint is pretty much broken|accessdate=8 October 2016|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013651/https://semiaccurate.com/2016/09/12/intels-xpoint-pretty-much-broken/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 产品 ==
[[File:Intel Optane Logo.svg|thumb|英特尔傲腾品牌徽标]]
[[File:2018 Pamięć Intel Optane 32GB.jpg|thumb|一块32GB的英特尔傲腾内存]]
在最初，由{{tsl|en|IM Flash Technologies}} LLC（英特尔-美光合资）运营的位于[[犹他州]][[李海 (犹他州)|李海]]的{{tsl|en|Wafer fabrication|晶圓製造流程|晶圆}}厂在2015年生产了少量128 Gbit芯片，其堆叠两个64 Gbit平面（plane）。<ref name="ee1" /><ref name="ana1" />2016年初，IM Flash首席执行官Guy Blalock表示，芯片批量生产仍需约12至18个月。<ref name="ee5" />

2015年中期，英特尔宣布基于3D XPoint技术的Optane品牌<ref name="optane">{{Citation|last=Smith|first=Ryan|title=Intel Announces Optane Storage Brand For 3D XPoint Products|date=18 Aug 2015|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9541/intel-announces-optane-storage-brand-for-3d-xpoint-products|work=AnandTech|accessdate=2017-02-14|archive-date=2015-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819204835/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9541/intel-announces-optane-storage-brand-for-3d-xpoint-products|dead-url=no}}</ref>，预计每位元价格将高于NAND但低于DRAM，具体仍取决于最终产品。<ref name="hh1" />

2016年早期，IM Flash宣布其首个固态硬盘世代将达到9微秒[[潜伏时间]]、95000 [[IOPS]]吞吐量。<ref name="ee5">{{Citation|last=Merrick|first=Rick|title=3D XPoint Steps Into the Light|date=14 Jan 2016|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1328682|work=EE Times|access-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507164258/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1328682|archive-date=2017-05-07|dead-url=yes}}</ref>2016年[[英特爾開發者論壇]]上演示的[[PCI Express]]（PCIe）140GB开发板在基准测试方面显示了相较于PCIe NAND SSD 2.4-3倍的改进。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10604/intels-140gb-optane-3d-xpoint-pcie-ssd-spotted-at-idf|title=Intel's 140GB Optane 3D Xpoint PCIe SSD Spotted at IDF|last=Cutress|first=Ian|date=26 August 2016|publisher=Anandtech|accessdate=26 August 2016|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108231239/https://www.anandtech.com/show/10604/intels-140gb-optane-3d-xpoint-pcie-ssd-spotted-at-idf|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2017年初，英特尔公布了Optane品牌的中文名——'''闪腾'''，3月28日的发布会上，'''闪腾'''更名为'''傲腾'''。<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://nb.zol.com.cn/633/6331280.html |title = 闪腾更名傲腾英特尔黑科技对谁最有用 |author = 尹航 |date = 2017-03-30 |publisher = 中关村在线 |language = 中文 |accessdate = 2017-05-07 |archive-date = 2019-04-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190409074027/http://nb.zol.com.cn/633/6331280.html |dead-url = no }}</ref>产品会有[[固态硬盘]]和内存两种方式。

2017年3月19日，英特尔发布了傲腾固态硬盘——面向企业级数据中心的“Optane SSD DC P4800X”。<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://news.mydrivers.com/1/524/524185.htm |title = Intel黑科技闪腾SSD正式出世：阿里巴巴/腾讯国内首发 |author = 上方文Q |date = 2017-03-20 |publisher = 快科技 |language = 中文 |accessdate = 2017-05-07 |archive-date = 2020-09-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200907213755/http://news.mydrivers.com/1/524/524185.htm |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://news.mydrivers.com/1/524/524200.htm |title = 1万起！Intel闪腾P4800X固态盘发售：最高1.5TB |author = 万南 |date = 2017-03-20 |publisher = 快科技 |language = 中文 |accessdate = 2017-05-07 |archive-date = 2020-09-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200907215713/http://news.mydrivers.com/1/524/524200.htm |dead-url = no }}</ref>3月28日，英特尔发布了傲腾内存（Intel Optane Memory）。{{refn|group="注"|也被称为傲腾缓存，傲腾内存为官方命名。但其不是一般意义上的[[随机存取存储器]]，而是一种低延迟的M.2 NVMe SSD。可以看作是闪存加速盘，类似[[ReadyBoost]]和[[智能响应技术|Smart Response Technology]]技术。}}<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://news.mydrivers.com/1/525/525388.htm |title = Intel最黑科技再来一刀：傲腾缓存首发） |author = 上方文Q |date = 2017-03-28 |publisher = 快科技 |language = 中文 |accessdate = 2017-05-07 |archive-date = 2020-09-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200907213933/http://news.mydrivers.com/1/525/525388.htm |dead-url = no }}</ref>

== 参见 ==
{{記憶體類型}}
* {{tsl|en|Hybrid Memory Cube|混合存储立方体}} Hybrid Memory Cube

== 脚注 ==
{{reflist|group="注"}}

== 参考资料 ==
{{Reflist|30em| refs=

<ref name="inummile">{{citation| url = http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1172109| title = Intel, Numonyx claim phase-change memory milestone| date = 28 Oct 2009| work = www.eetimes.com| first = Dylan| last = McGrath| accessdate = 2017-02-14| archive-date = 2019-12-04| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191204115144/https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1172109| dead-url = no}}</ref>

<ref name= "hh1">{{cite web| url = http://hothardware.com/news/intel-and-micron-jointly-drop-disruptive-game-changing-3d-xpoint-cross-point-memory-1000x-faster-than-nand| title = Intel And Micron Jointly Unveil Disruptive, Game-Changing 3D XPoint Memory, 1000x Faster Than NAND| quote = Intel's Rob Crooke explained, 'You could put the cost somewhere between NAND and DRAM.'| date = 28 July 2015| first = Jason| last = Evangelho| access-date = 2017-02-14| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160815104527/http://hothardware.com/news/intel-and-micron-jointly-drop-disruptive-game-changing-3d-xpoint-cross-point-memory-1000x-faster-than-nand| archive-date = 2016-08-15| dead-url = yes}}</ref>

<ref name="ana1">{{citation| url = http://www.anandtech.com/show/9541/intel-announces-optane-storage-brand-for-3d-xpoint-products | title = Intel Announces Optane Storage Brand For 3D XPoint Products | first = Ryan| last = Smith | quote = products will be available in 2016, in both standard SSD (PCIe) form factors for everything from Ultra-{}-books to servers, and in a DIMM form factor for Xeon systems for even greater bandwidth and lower latencies. As expected, Intel will be providing storage controllers optimized for the 3D XPoint memory | date = 18 August 2015| work = www.anandtech.com }}</ref>

<ref name="reg1">{{cite web|title=Just ONE THOUSAND times BETTER than FLASH! Intel, Micron's amazing claim|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/07/28/intel_micron_3d_xpoint/|website=The Register|date=28 July 2015|quote=An Intel spokesperson categorically denied that it was a phase-change memory process or a memristor technology. Spin-transfer torque was also dismissed|first=Chris|last=Mellor|accessdate=2017-02-14|archive-date=2020-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310021714/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/07/28/intel_micron_3d_xpoint/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

<ref name="ee1">{{citation| url = http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1327289| title = Intel, Micron Launch "Bulk-Switching" ReRAM| first = Peter| last = Clarke| date = 28 July 2015| work = www.eetimes.com| access-date = 2017-02-14| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170703125616/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1327289| archive-date = 2017-07-03| dead-url = yes}}</ref>

<ref name="ee2">{{citation| url = http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1327289| title = Intel, Micron Launch "Bulk-Switching" ReRAM| date = 28 July 2015| work = www.eetimes.com| first = Peter| last = Clarke| quote = "The switching mechanism is via changes in resistance of the bulk material," was all Intel would add in response to questions sent via email.| access-date = 2017-02-14| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170703125616/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1327289| archive-date = 2017-07-03| dead-url = yes}}</ref>

<ref name="ee3">{{citation | url = http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1327478 | page = 2 | title = Intel’s Krzanich: CEO Q&A at IDF | work = www.eetimes.com | first = Rick | last = Merrick | access-date = 2017-02-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170322154013/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1327478 | archive-date = 2017-03-22 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>

<ref name="ee4">{{citation| url = http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1327313| title = Patent Search Supports View 3D XPoint Based on Phase-Change| first = Peter| last = Clarke| date = 31 July 2015| work = www.eetimes.com| access-date = 2017-02-14| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170703172948/http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1327313| archive-date = 2017-07-03| dead-url = yes}}</ref>

<ref name=extremetech>{{cite web|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/211087-intel-micron-reveal-xpoint-a-new-memory-architecture-that-claims-to-outclass-both-ddr4-and-nand|title=Intel, Micron reveal Xpoint, a new memory architecture that could outclass DDR4 and NAND|work=ExtremeTech|date=29 July 2015|first=Joel|last=Hruska|accessdate=2017-02-14|archive-date=2015-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820045210/http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/211087-intel-micron-reveal-xpoint-a-new-memory-architecture-that-claims-to-outclass-both-ddr4-and-nand|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}

== 外部链接 ==
* {{Citation|title=Intel Micron Webcast|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsioS35D-HY|work=www.youtube.com|accessdate=2017-02-14|archive-date=2021-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122071959/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsioS35D-HY|dead-url=no}}{{en}}，44分钟
* [https://semiaccurate.com/2016/09/12/intels-xpoint-pretty-much-broken/ Third party criticism of Intel failing to meet initial specs]{{Wayback|url=https://semiaccurate.com/2016/09/12/intels-xpoint-pretty-much-broken/ |date=20201112013651 }}{{en}}，第三方批评英特尔未能达到初始规格
* [http://www.intel.cn/content/www/cn/zh/architecture-and-technology/intel-optane-technology.html 英特尔® 傲腾™ 技术]{{Wayback|url=http://www.intel.cn/content/www/cn/zh/architecture-and-technology/intel-optane-technology.html |date=20201022003645 }}，英特尔产品宣传页面{{zh-cn}}

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[[Category:英特爾產品]]
[[Category:非易失性存储器]]

3D XPoint - 版本历史

~2026-21361-67：​增加或調整分類

~2026-21361-67：增加或調整分類