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growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0

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{{about|醫學影像軟體|3D列印機的軟體|切片軟體}}
{{Other uses|other=Slicer的其他用法|切片}}
{{Infobox software
| name = 3D Slicer
| title = 3D Slicer
| logo = 
| screenshot = 3DSlicerLogo-V-Color-201x204.png
| caption =
| collapsible =
| author = [http://www.slicer.org/wiki/Documentation/Release/Acknowledgments The Slicer Community]
| developer =
| released = 
| discontinued =
| programming language = [[C++]], [[Python|Python]]
| operating system = [[Linux]]，[[macOS]]，[[Windows]]
| platform =
| language = 英文
| genre = [[科學視覺化]]軟體
| license = [[BSD授權條款]]
| website = {{URL|www.slicer.org}}
}}
'''3D Slicer'''是開源的跨平台[[醫學影像]]視覺化和[[三維重建]]軟體。由[[美國國家衛生院]]和全球開發者社群的支援下開發。
<ref>{{cite web|title=3D Slicer官方網站|url=https://www.slicer.org/|access-date=2021-02-17|archive-date=2000-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001018180405/https://www.slicer.org/}}</ref>

它被廣泛用於多種醫療用途，包括[[自閉症]]、[[多發性硬化症]]、[[全身性紅斑狼瘡]]、[[前列腺癌]]、[[肺癌]]、[[乳腺癌]]、[[思覺失調症]]、[[骨科]]、[[生物力學]]、[[慢性阻塞性肺病]]、[[心血管疾病]]和[[神經外科]]。<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AueetgAACAAJ|title=3dslicer|last=Adriaan|first=Germain|date=2011-08-16|publisher=Brev Publishing|isbn=9786136666464|language=en|access-date=2021-02-17|archive-date=2020-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915040629/https://books.google.com/books?id=AueetgAACAAJ}}</ref>

==關於 3D Slicer==
3D Slicer是一個免費的開源軟體（基於BSD授權條款），用於影像分析、影像[[視覺化]]以及[[影像導引放射治療]]（Image Guided Radiotherapy,IGRT），可被用於Linux、MacOSX和windows等作業系統，它具有相當良好的可擴充性，可以透過嵌入模組的方式添加新的功能。

3D Slicer適用於查看全身各個組織的器官，相容於[[核磁共振造影]]（MRI）、[[電腦斷層掃描]]（CT）、[[超音波]]（US）以及[[顯微鏡]]下的影像。
<ref>{{cite web|title=3D slicer—itread01|url=https://www.itread01.com/content/1541859267.html}}</ref>

3D Slicer支援[[二維多平面重建]]，可以用 3D 的形式將器官以不同的角度進行切割來查看不同的切面，並可結合[[核磁共振造影]](MRI)的數據，讓醫師可以對危險程度較高的手術進行更多的事前模擬。<ref>{{cite web|title=回饋社會的開源技術 3D Slicer|url=https://linux.router.hk/3d-slicer|access-date=2021-02-17|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809135531/https://linux.router.hk/3d-slicer}}</ref>

3D Slicer的功能包括：<ref>Pieper S., Lorensen B., Schroeder W., Kikinis R. The NA-MIC Kit: ITK, VTK, Pipelines, Grids and 3D Slicer as an Open Platform for the [[Medical Image Computing]] Community. Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro 2006; 1:698-701.</ref>
* 處理[[DICOM]]格式的影像，並支援讀取/寫入其他種類的格式
* 支援[[多邊形網格]]、[[二維多平面重建]]以及[[立體渲染]]的視覺化
* 手動編輯影像
* 自動進行[[影像分割]]
* [[擴散張量磁振造影]]（Diffusion Tensor Imaging,DTI）的數據分析和視覺化。

3D Slicer以BSD授權條款發佈。雖然該許可證在學術及商業用途上沒有任何限制，但是使用者有責任在遵守當地法規的情況下使用，而3D Slicer目前尚未獲得美國FDA正式批准於臨床上使用。

==作業系統要求==
* Windows：Windows 10需要1903（2019年5月更新）以上的版本來支援（[[UTF-8]]）格式的文字。[[微軟]]不再支援Windows 8.1和Windows 7，所以未在這些作業系統上對3D Slicer進行過測試，但仍然可以使用。
* macOS：macOS High Sierra（10.13）或更高版本。
* Linux：Ubuntu 18.04或更高版本
* [[CentOS]] 7或更高版本。<ref>{{cite web|title=Getting Started—3D slicer|url=https://slicer.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/getting_started.html#system-requirements|access-date=2021-02-17|archive-date=2021-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419202846/https://slicer.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/getting_started.html#system-requirements}}</ref>

== 圖片集 ==

<gallery widths="300px" perrow="2">
Image:3DSlicer-VolumeRendering1.png | 使用NVIDIA驅動程式進行硬體加速的立體渲染（此功能僅限在Windows和Linux上使用）。

Image:3DSlicer-Mahnaz-ISBI2008-fig2.jpg |基於感興趣區域（region of interest,ROI）的視覺化。
Image:3DSlicer-KubickiJPR2007-fig6.jpg| 在3-Tesla磁體上獲取高分辨率數據，並使用自動跟踪程序進行後處理。
Image:3DSlicer-odonnell-miccai2006-fig2.jpg | 腦[[白質]]影像的生成和群組分析（Group analysis）。
Image:3DSlicer-Jolley-HR2008-fig7.jpg | [[先天性心臟病]]患者的模型。
Image:3DSlicer-Margulies-ObstetGynecol2006-fig1.jpg | 左：提肛肌的3D模型（包括[[恥骨]]和骨盆內臟）。右：沒有恥骨的相同模型。
Image:3DSlicer-Park-AJNR2004-Fig1.jpg |從腫瘤患者影像獲得的皮質細胞碎片。
Image:3DSlicer-Mislow-NeurosurgClinNAm2009-fig3.jpg | 在手術中使用iMRI影像和3D Slicer軟體進行定位。
</gallery>

==歷史==
3D Slicer最初是由MIT的研究生David Gering於1998年和1999年提出的，當時3D Slicer被作為[[布萊根婦女醫院]]的外科計劃實驗室與[[MIT電腦科學與人工智慧實驗室|MIT人工智慧實驗室]]之間的碩士學位論文的一部分。<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hirayasu | first1 = Y | last2 = Shenton | first2 = ME | last3 = Salisbury | first3 = DF | last4 = Dickey | first4 = CC | last5 = Fischer | first5 = IA | last6 = Mazzoni | first6 = P | last7 = Kisler | first7 = T | last8 = Arakaki | first8 = H | last9 = Kwon | first9 = JS | last10 = Anderson | first10 = JE | last11 = Yurgelun-Todd | first11 = D | last12 = Tohen | first12 = M | last13 = McCarley | first13 = RW | | title = Lower left temporal lobe MRI volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia compared with psychotic patients with first-episode affective disorder and normal subjects | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_1998-10_155_10/page/1384 | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 155 | issue = 10 | pages = 1384–91 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9766770 | doi = 10.1176/ajp.155.10.1384 }}</ref> 四年後，3D Slicer 2於2002年發佈，可以透過FTP伺服器免費取得，當時已有數千次的下載量。2007年，3D Slicer於版本3進行了全面的改造。而3D Slicer於2009年開始下一個主要重構，它將3D Slicer採用的GUI套件從KWWidgets轉換為[[Qt]]。採用Qt的3D Slicer 4於2011年發布。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fedorov|last2=Beichel|last3=Kalpathy-Cramer|last4=Finet|last5=Fillion-Robin|last6=Pujol|last7=Bauer|last8=Jennings|last9=Fennessy|last10=Sonka|last11=Buatti|last12=Aylward|last13=Miller|last14=Pieper|last15=Kikinis|title=3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network|journal=Magnetic Resonance Imaging|volume=30|issue=9|pages=1323–41|year=2012|pmid=22770690|doi=10.1016/j.mri.2012.05.001|pmc=3466397}}</ref>

==用戶==
3D Slicer已被用於多種臨床研究中。在[[影像導引放射治療]]（Image Guided Radiotherapy,IGRT）的研究中，3D Slicer常被用於建立和視覺化MRI數據，這些數據在手術前和手術中均可用，並可取得用於儀器跟踪的空間坐標。<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hata | first1 = N | last2 = Piper | first2 = S | last3 = Jolesz | first3 = FA | last4 = Tempany | first4 = CM | last5 = Black | first5 = PM | last6 = Morikawa | first6 = S | last7 = Iseki | first7 = H | last8 = Hashizume | first8 = M | last9 = Kikinis | first9 = R | title = Application of open source image guided therapy software in MR-guided therapies | journal = Medical Image Computing and Computer-assisted Intervention : MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention | volume = 10 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 491–8 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18051095 | doi=10.1007/978-3-540-75757-3_60| }}</ref> 實際上，3D Slicer在[[影像導引放射治療]]中已經發揮了舉足輕重的作用，自1998年以來已有200多家出版物在文獻中引用了3D Slicer。<ref>For a list of publications citing Slicer usage since 1998, visit: http://www.slicer.org/publications/pages/display/?collectionid=11 {{Wayback|url=http://www.slicer.org/publications/pages/display/?collectionid=11 |date=20160329074950 }}</ref>

除了從MRI影像中生成3D模型外，3D Slicer還被用於顯示從fMRI中獲得的訊息、<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Archip | first1 = N | last2 = Clatz | first2 = O | last3 = Whalen | first3 = S | last4 = Kacher | first4 = D | last5 = Fedorov | first5 = A | last6 = Kot | first6 = A | last7 = Chrisochoides | first7 = N | last8 = Jolesz | first8 = F | last9 = Golby | first9 = A | last10 = Black | first10 = PM | last11 = Warfield | first11 = SK | title = Non-rigid alignment of pre-operative MRI, fMRI, and DT-MRI with intra-operative MRI for enhanced visualization and navigation in image-guided neurosurgery | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 609–24 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17289403 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.060 | pmc=3358788}}</ref> DTI(diffusion tractography) <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ziyan | first1 = U | last2 = Tuch | first2 = D | last3 = Westin | first3 = CF | title = Segmentation of thalamic nuclei from DTI using spectral clustering | journal = Medical Image Computing and Computer-assisted Intervention : MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention | volume = 9 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 807–14 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17354847 | doi=10.1007/11866763_99| }}</ref>和心電圖。<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Verhey | first1 = JF | last2 = Nathan | first2 = NS | last3 = Rienhoff | first3 = O | last4 = Kikinis | first4 = R | last5 = Rakebrandt | first5 = F | last6 = D'ambra | first6 = MN | title = Finite-element-method (FEM) model generation of time-resolved 3D echocardiographic geometry data for mitral-valve volumetry | journal = BioMedical Engineering OnLine | volume = 5 | pages = 17 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16512925 | pmc = 1421418 | doi = 10.1186/1475-925X-5-17 }}</ref> 例如，3D Slicer允許DTI影像的轉換和分析。分析的結果可以與MRI，MR[[血管造影]]和fMRI的分析結果結合。3D Slicer的其他用途包括古生物學的研究<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://openpaleo.blogspot.com/2009/03/3d-slicer-tutorial-part-vi.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-02-17 |archive-date=2020-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123154523/http://openpaleo.blogspot.com/2009/03/3d-slicer-tutorial-part-vi.html }}</ref>和神經外科手術計劃。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://picasaweb.google.com/107065747472066371420 |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-02-17 |archive-date=2015-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001225823/http://picasaweb.google.com/107065747472066371420 }}</ref>

==開發人員==
3D Slicer建立在VTK環境中，[[VTK]]是一種跨平台的圖形應用函式庫，已廣泛用於[[科學視覺化]]和ITK（Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit）中，ITK是一種廣泛用於開發影像分割和[[圖像配准]]的框架。在3D Slicer 4中，程式的核心是使用C ++開發而成，並且可以通過Python程式使用該API ，界面使用[[Qt]]來開發，可以使用C ++或Python進行擴充。<ref>{{Cite book|title=Detection and Quantification of Small Changes in MRI Volumes|year=2014|pages=18}}</ref>

3D Slicer支援使用輕量級的[[XML]]規範包裝任何語言的CLI程式，從中自動生成[[圖形使用者介面]]（GUI）。

對於未在3D Slicer核心程式中發佈的[[模組]]，可以使用系統自動建立和分發，以便用戶從3D Slicer中進行選擇並下載。

3D Slicer在建立過程會利用[[CMake]]自動建立必備和可選的程式庫（不包括Qt）。

==參見==
*[[VTK]]
*[[Python]]
*[[QT]]
*[[CMake]]
*[[MPR]]

==參考文獻==
{{reflist}}

==外部連結==
*[http://www.slicer.org Slicer] {{Wayback|url=http://www.slicer.org/ |date=20100210195809 }}
[[Category:自由跨平台软件]]

3D Slicer - 版本历史

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