imported>Hikaru Genji 来自 2025年7月15日 (二) 13:55

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|2012 VP|113}}}}
{{Infobox planet
| width = 25em
| bgcolour = #FFFFC0
| name = {{mp|2012 VP|113}}
| symbol =
| image = 2012 VP113 orbit with solar system.png
| image_size = 250
| caption = {{mp|2012 VP|113}}與[[冥王星]]的軌道
| discovery = yes
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPEC2014-F40">{{cite web
|title=MPEC 2014-F40 : 2012 VP113
|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
|date=2014-03-26
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14F40.html
|accessdate=2014-02-20
|archive-date=2017-08-16
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816010812/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14F40.html
|dead-url=no
}} (K12VB3P)</ref>
| discoverer = [[斯科特·谢泼德]] [[乍德·特魯希略]] [[托洛洛山美洲際天文台]]
| discovered = 2012年11月5日 2014年3月26日宣布
| mp_name = {{mp|2012 VP|113}}
| mp_category = [[海王星外天體]]
| orbit_ref = <ref name=Gray>[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/mpml/conversations/messages/29845 2012 VP113 has Q=460 +/- 30] {{Wayback|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/mpml/conversations/messages/29845 |date=20160328123006 }} (mpml: [[毛納基山天文台|CFHT]] 2011 precovery)</ref>
| epoch = 2013 Oct 30.0 {{val|2456595.5|u=[[Julian day|JD]]}}
| aphelion = 461 ± 31 AU (Q)
| perihelion = 80.3 ± 0.8 AU (q)
| semimajor = 271 ± 13 [[天文單位|AU]] (a)
| eccentricity = 0.703 ± 0.016
| period = {{val|4452.5}} ±(?) [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| avg_speed =
| inclination = {{val|24.013|0.013|u=°}}
| asc_node = {{val|90.896|0.017|u=°}}
| mean_anomaly = {{val|2.89|.09}}
| arg_peri = {{val|293.1|2.7|u=°}}
| satellites =
| physical_characteristics = yes
| dimensions = 300–1000[[公里]]<ref name="Lakdawalla2014"/> 450公里（假設）<ref name="Lakdawalla2014"/> 636[[公里]]<ref name=absmagconv>[http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/asteroids/sizemagnitude.html Conversion of Absolute Magnitude to Diameter for Minor Planets] {{Wayback|url=http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/asteroids/sizemagnitude.html |date=20081210190134 }} using H = 4.1 and the theoretically expected albedo of 0.1</ref> 586公里<ref name="Brown-dplist"/>
| mass =
| density =
| surface_grav =
| escape_velocity =
| sidereal_day =
| albedo = 0.1（假設）<ref name="Brown-dplist">{{cite web
|title=How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system? (updates daily)
|publisher=California Institute of Technology
|author=Michael E. Brown
|url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html
|accessdate=2014-03-28
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018154917/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html
|archivedate=2011-10-18
}}</ref>
| spectral_type =
| abs_magnitude = 4.1<ref name=jpldata/><ref name="MPC"/> 4.0<ref name=Gray/>
}}

'''{{mp|2012 VP|113}}'''是一顆[[海王星外天體]]<ref name="NYT-20140326">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=A New Planetoid Reported in Far Reaches of Solar System |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/science/space/a-new-planetoid-reported-in-far-reaches-of-solar-system.html |date=26 March 2014 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=26 March 2014 |archive-date=2020-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222065552/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/science/space/a-new-planetoid-reported-in-far-reaches-of-solar-system.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。[[天文學家]]於2014年3月26日宣布發現{{mp|2012 VP|113}}<ref name="nature letter" /><ref name="nature news"/>。{{mp|2012 VP|113}}的[[絕對星等]]（H）為4.1等<ref name=jpldata/>，所以它可能是一顆[[矮行星]]<ref name="Brown-dplist"/>。它的大小預計為[[賽德娜 (小行星)|賽德娜]]的一半，大約與[[雨神星]]相當<ref name="Lakdawalla2014"/>。發現{{mp|2012 VP|113}}團隊暱稱這顆天體為“副總統”（VP）或「拜登」，因為發現當時的[[美國副總統]]為[[喬·拜登]]<ref name="nature news">{{Cite journal|title=Dwarf planet stretches Solar System's edge|url=http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature.2014.14921|last=Witze|first=Alexandra|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/nature.2014.14921|access-date=2018-02-24|archive-date=2019-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101853/https://www.nature.com/news/dwarf-planet-stretches-solar-system-s-edge-1.14921|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

{{mp|2012 VP|113}}表面被認為是具有[[粉紅色]]的色調，來自於[[輻射]]對於冷凍[[水]]、[[甲烷]]和[[二氧化碳]]產生[[化學]]作用變化<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/mar/26/dwarf-planet-super-earth-solar-system-2012-vp113|title=Dwarf planet discovery hints at a hidden Super Earth in solar system|last=Sample|first=Ian|work=The Guardian|date=26 March 2014|accessdate=27 March 2014|archive-date=2021-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113092123/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/mar/26/dwarf-planet-super-earth-solar-system-2012-vp113|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這種顏色來自於巨大氣體區域，而不是傳統的[[柯伊柏帶]]（多數為暗紅色天體）<ref name="nature letter" />。

==發現過程==
2012年11月5日，{{mp|2012 VP|113}}首次被天文學家發現，當時天文學家使用[[美國國家光學天文台]][[托洛洛山美洲際天文台]]4米口徑的[[布蘭科望遠鏡]]（Víctor M. Blanco Telescope）觀測天空。天文學家之後利用[[智利]][[拉斯坎帕納斯天文台]][[卡內基科學機構]]6.5米口徑的[[麥哲倫望遠鏡]]被確定其軌道及表面特性。天文學家公佈{{mp|2012 VP|113}}發現消息前，只通過托洛洛山美洲際天文台（807）和拉斯坎帕納斯天文台（304）追蹤過該天體<ref name="MPC">{{cite web
|title=2012 VP113 Orbit
|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2012+VP113
|accessdate=2014-03-26
|archive-date=2016-03-04
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102204/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2012%20VP113
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>。{{mp|2012 VP|113}}的觀測弧約1年<ref name=jpldata>{{cite web
|type=last observation: 2013-10-30 (arc=~1 year)
|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2012 VP113)
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012VP113
|publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate=2014-03-26
|archive-date=2020-04-20
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420063831/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012VP113
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>。

==軌道==

{{mp|2012 VP|113}}擁有在所有太阳系已知天体中最远的近日點。{{mp|2012 VP|113}}在1979年左右通過近日點，距離[[太陽]]為80[[天文單位]]，它目前距離[[太陽]]為83天文單位。其余只有四個太陽系天體已知有超過47天文單位以上的近日點：[[小行星90377]]（76 AU）、[[2004 XR190|{{mp|2004 XR|190}}]]（51 AU）、[[2010 GB174|{{mp|2010 GB|174}}]]（48 AU）與[[2004 VN112|{{mp|2004 VN|112}}]]（47 AU）<ref name="jpl-search">{{cite web
|title=JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: q > 47 (AU)
|publisher=JPL Solar System Dynamics
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bi;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=47;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsAi;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=BiD
|accessdate=2014-03-26
|archive-date=2017-04-20
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420144110/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bi;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=47;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsAi;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=BiD
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>。[[近日點]]位於50-75天文單位的天體似乎不容易被天文學家觀測到<ref name="nature letter"/>。

2012 VP113可能是一顆假設的內[[奧爾特雲]]成員<ref name = "Wall2014">{{cite web
| last = Wall
| first = Mike
| title = New Dwarf Planet Found at Solar System's Edge, Hints at Possible Faraway 'Planet X'
| work = [[Space.com]] web site
| publisher = [[TechMediaNetwork]]
| date = 2014-03-26
| url = http://www.space.com/25218-dwarf-planet-discovery-solar-system-edge.html
| accessdate = 2014-03-27
| archive-date = 2014-03-28
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140328225533/http://www.space.com/25218-dwarf-planet-discovery-solar-system-edge.html
| dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref name="NASA announcement">{{cite web
|title=NASA Supported Research Helps Redefine Solar System's Edge
|publisher=NASA
|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-supported-research-helps-redefine-solar-systems-edge/index.html
|date=26 March 2014
|accessdate=26 March 2014
|archive-date=2020-11-12
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014526/http://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-supported-research-helps-redefine-solar-systems-edge/index.html
|dead-url=no
}}</ref><ref name = "Lakdawalla2014"/>。它的近日點、[[近心點幅角]]與位置類似[[賽德娜 (小行星)|賽德娜]]<ref name = "Lakdawalla2014"/>。事實上，所有已知半長軸超過150天文單位、近日點位於[[海王星]]以外的天體，近心點幅角都聚集於340°附近。這種現象可能表示這些天體的形成機制類似<ref name="nature letter">{{Cite journal|title=A Sedna-like body with a perihelion of 80 astronomical units|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nature13156|last=Trujillo|first=Chadwick A.|last2=Sheppard|first2=Scott S.|date=2014-03|journal=Nature|issue=7493|doi=10.1038/nature13156|volume=507|pages=471–474|issn=1476-4687|access-date=2018-02-24|archive-date=2021-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119172351/https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13156|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

{{mp|2012 VP|113}}的近日點距離為何位於柯伊伯帶以外目前仍然未知。它的軌道特點（類似塞德娜）都被解釋為可能是由一顆[[恆星]]或一顆幾百[[地球質量]]的類海王星行星於距離太陽數百個天文單位的位置經過所造成的<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-03-edge-solar.html |title=A new object at the edge of our Solar System discovered |work=Physorg.com |date=26 March 2014 |accessdate=2014-03-29 |archive-date=2016-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620222017/http://phys.org/news/2014-03-edge-solar.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。{{mp|2012 VP|113}}甚至可能是被捕獲的太陽系外行星<ref name="Sheppard">{{cite web
|title=Beyond the Edge of the Solar System: The Inner Oort Cloud Population
|author=Scott S. Sheppard
|publisher=Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science
|url=http://home.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/inner_oort_cloud/
|accessdate=2014-03-27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330224803/http://home.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/inner_oort_cloud/
|archive-date=2014-03-30
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref>。然而，天文學家認為{{mp|2012 VP|113}}更有可能的是多個[[疏散星團]]（太陽在其中形成）交互作用所造成的<ref name = "Lakdawalla2014">{{cite web
| last = Lakdawalla
| first = Emily
| title = A second Sedna! What does it mean?
| work = [http://www.planetary.org/blogs/ Planetary Society blogs]
| publisher = The Planetary Society
| date = 2014-03-26
| url = http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/03261345-a-second-sedna-what-does-it-mean.html
| accessdate = 2014-03-27
| archive-date = 2019-09-08
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190908115927/http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/03261345-a-second-sedna-what-does-it-mean.html
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>。

==参见==
* [[太阳系天体半径列表]]

==参考资料==
{{Reflist}}

==外部連結==
* [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012VP113;orb=1;view=Far Orbital simulation]{{Wayback|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012VP113;orb=1;view=Far |date=20190822101851 }} from JPL (Java) / [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2012VP113 Horizons Ephemeris]{{Wayback|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2012VP113 |date=20160304133302 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180808031138/http://home.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/inner_oort_cloud/2012VP113images.html 2012 VP113 Inner Oort Cloud Object Discovery Images] from Scott S. Sheppard/Carnegie Institution for Science.

{{类冥矮行星}}
{{海王星外天体}}

[[Category:奧爾特雲]]
[[Category:類塞德娜天體]]
[[Category:矮行星候选者]]
[[Category:2012年发现的小行星]]

2012 VP113 - 版本历史

imported>Hikaru Genji 来自 2025年7月15日 (二) 13:55