编辑“︁Nigger”︁

{{pp-vandalism|expiry=2035-10-06T06:26:30+00:00|small=yes}}
[[File:Niggardly.jpg|thumb|1900年倫敦當時一首諷刺性歌曲《吝嗇黑鬼》(Niggardly Nigger)的宣傳海報，這裡使用了[[頭韻法]]，取niggardly（吝嗇的、小氣的）一詞來對黑人進行侮辱]]
'''Nigger'''，中文通常翻譯為'''黑鬼'''<ref name="v941">{{cite web | title=奥巴马竟说禁词"黑鬼" 美国人惊了! | website=美国频道--人民网 | date=2015-06-24 | url=http://usa.people.com.cn/n/2015/0624/c241376-27197947.html | language=zh | access-date=2025-06-01 | archive-date=2024-02-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220090119/http://usa.people.com.cn/n/2015/0624/c241376-27197947.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>，是[[英語]]中的一個專門冒犯[[黑人]]的种族歧视词语，原本這個詞是白人對黑人的貶義性稱呼<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Google Ngram |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=n-word&year_start=1900 |website=Google Ngram |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118170037/https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=n-word&year_start=1900 |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |access-date=January 18, 2024}}</ref>。[[梅里厄姆-韦伯斯特]]在線詞典認為该词“也许是英语中最具冒犯性和煽动性的种族歧视詞彙”。 <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Jacquelyn |title=The N Word: Its History and Use in the African American Community |journal=Journal of English Linguistics |language=en |date=2012 |volume=40 |issue=2 |page=137–171 |doi=10.1177/0075424211414807 |issn=0075-4242 |s2cid=144164210}}</ref> [[牛津英語詞典]]表示，“这个词是英语中最具争议的词之一，不管在哪種語境提到這個詞，這個詞都容易令人感到冒犯<ref name=":0">[[Oxford English Dictionary Online]], s.v. ''nigger, n. and adj''.; ''neger, n.'' ''and adj''.; ''N-word, n''.</ref>。[[辛普森案]]中的一位检察官表示該詞是“英语中最污秽、最肮脏、最令人厌恶的词”。 <ref>{{Cite news |author=Wilson |first=Cherry |date=5 October 2020 |title=N-word: The troubled history of the racial slur |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-53749800.amp |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=6 November 2024 |archive-date=2026-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260129003757/https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-53749800.amp |dead-url=no }}</ref>

[[非裔美国人]]之間有些人開玩笑時也會互相稱呼對方是Nigger，非裔美国人彼此稱呼Nigger不一定具有冒犯含義， <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />但一些美国黑人作家仍然反對黑人内部使用這個詞。 <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word |url=https://archive.org/details/niggerstrangecar0000kenn |author=Kennedy |first=Randall |date=2002 |publisher=Pantheon Books |isbn=978-0-9650397-7-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/niggerstrangecar0000kenn/page/n49 36]–37; 91–111}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn't, and Why |author=Asim |first=Jabari |date=2008 |publisher=HMH |isbn=978-0-547-52494-8}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Allan |first=Keith |title=When is a Slur Not a Slur? The Use of Nigger in 'Pulp Fiction' |journal=Language Sciences |date=2015 |volume=52 |page=187–199 |doi=10.1016/j.langsci.2015.03.001 |issn=0388-0001}}</ref>

'''nigga'''是“nigger”的變體，現時前者意思比後者的溫和。<ref>{{Cite web |title=Are 'nigga' and 'nigger' the same word? {{!}} The N-Word Project |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/national/are-nigga-and-nigger-the-same-word--the-n-word-project/2018/12/28/807778c3-f40f-4752-8732-d680ec224a42_video.html |website=www.washingtonpost.com |language=en |access-date=2025-07-10 |archive-date=2022-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407194108/https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/national/are-nigga-and-nigger-the-same-word--the-n-word-project/2018/12/28/807778c3-f40f-4752-8732-d680ec224a42_video.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==歷史==
Nigger的词源來自於[[拉丁语]]中的形容词''[[wiktionary:niger#Latin|niger]]'' ，意为“黑色的”。  <ref name=":1"></ref>它最初只是一個相对中性的詞彙。从18世纪中叶开始，该词開始變得[[贬义]]，到19世纪中叶該詞已經讓黑人感到十分冒犯。而在[[蓄奴时代]]，[[美国南方]]普遍用Nigger称呼非裔美国人<ref name="v941"/><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/opinion/john-mcwhorter-n-word-unsayable.html |title=Opinion &#124; How the N-Word Became Unsayable |first=John |author=McWhorter |work=The New York Times |date=April 30, 2021 |via=NYTimes.com |accessdate=March 22, 2023 |archivedate=June 11, 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611014642/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/opinion/john-mcwhorter-n-word-unsayable.html}}</ref>。

从20世纪下半叶开始，大众幾乎很少再用這個詞。 <ref name=":1" />从20世纪90年代开始， <ref name=":4" /> 當人們不得不提及Nigger這個詞（例如提到有人用Nigger冒犯黑人）時，眾人開始用{{Nowrap|"'''the N-word'''"}}指代Nigger。<ref name=":0" />

==参看==
*[[乌鬼]]

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:英語借詞]]
[[Category:非洲裔美國人社會]]
[[Category:非洲裔美國人相關爭議]]
[[Category:对特定族群或民族的贬称]]