编辑“︁LGBT”︁

{{not|性少数|IGBT}}
{{Expand language|1=en|time=2021-10-10T05:57:18+00:00}}
[[File:Gay flag.svg|thumb|300x300px|代表LGBT社群的[[彩虹旗 (LGBT)|彩虹旗]]]]
{{LGBT侧边栏}}
{{lang|en|'''LGBT'''}}，近年來也常擴稱{{lang|en|'''LGBTQ'''}}或{{lang|en|'''LGBTQ+'''}}，通常被认为指所有[[性取向]]少数或[[性別 (消歧義)|性别]]少数群体。其中“LGBTQ”是[[女同性戀|女同性戀者]]（{{lang|en|'''L'''esbian}}）、[[男同性戀|男同性戀者]]（{{lang|en|'''G'''ay}}）、[[双性恋|雙性戀者]]（{{lang|en|'''B'''isexual}}）、[[跨性別|跨性別者]]（{{lang|en|'''T'''ransgender}}）与[[酷兒|酷儿]]（{{lang|en|'''Q'''ueer}}）的英文[[首字母縮略字]]，“'''+'''”則代表其他性少数群体。

== 含义 ==
=== 词源 ===
[[1990年代]]，由於「[[同性戀社群]]」一詞無法完整體現相關群體，「'''LGBT'''」一词便應運而生、並逐漸普及<ref name="Gay Pride Nee">{{cite web|title=Gay Pride Needs New Direction|url=http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss|accessdate=2008-07-05|date=2007-06-21|last=Swain|first=Keith W.|publisher=Denver Post|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007093553/http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss|archivedate=2008-10-07|dead-url=no}}</ref>。在現代用語中，「LGBT」一詞、除了狹義的指[[同性戀]]、雙性戀或跨性別族群，也可廣泛代表所有[[非異性戀|非異性戀者]]<ref name="Gay Pride Nee"/><ref name="The Handbook of Lesb1">{{cite book|last=Shankle|first=Michael D.|title=The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service|publisher=Haworth Press|date=2006|isbn=978-1-56023-496-8|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC&dq=%22using+LGBT%22&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404062040/http://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC&dq=%22using+LGBT%22&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|deadurl=no}}</ref>。另外，也有在詞語後方加上字母「Q」，代表[[酷兒]]（{{lang|en|Queer}}）和/或對其性別認同感到疑惑的人（{{lang|en|Questioning}}），即是「{{lang|en|'''LGBTQ'''}}」。{{lang|en|LGBT}}現今已獲得了許多[[英語國家和地區列表|英語系國家]]中多數{{lang|en|LGBT}}族群和{{lang|en|LGBT}}媒體的認同及採用。<ref>{{cite web|title=2008 Community Center Survey Report|url=http://www.lgbtmap.org/file/2008-lgbt-community-center-survey-report.pdf|accessdate=2008-08-29|work=LGBT Movement Advancement Project|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323181926/https://www.lgbtmap.org/file/2008-lgbt-community-center-survey-report.pdf|archivedate=2020-03-23|dead-url=no|last1=Centerlink}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nlgja.org/resources/stylebook.html National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association: Stylebook Supplement on LGBT Terminology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nlgja.org/resources/stylebook.html|date=20120425190702}}, NLGJA 2008.</ref>

坊間有不少LGBT的資源中心，提供不少有關LGBT的中文文章，包括醫學、心理學、社會科學及法律的文章，是一個研究LGBT議題人士搜尋資料的地方。然而，「LGBT」的用法並非沒有爭議<ref name="Counseling Lesbian, G">{{cite book|last=Finnegan|first=Dana G.|coauthor=Emily B. McNally|title=Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities|publisher=Haworth Press|date=2002|isbn=978-1560239253|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=I32nHF_gaTsC|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2019-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085713/https://books.google.com/books?id=I32nHF_gaTsC|dead-url=no}}</ref>。部分[[雙性人]]（intersex）認為自己也屬於{{lang|en|LGBT}}族群中，因此支持使用「'''{{lang|en|LGBTI}}'''」<ref name="Challenging Lesbian Nor">{{cite book|last=Aragon|first=Angela Pattatuchi|title=Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives|publisher=Haworth Press|date=2006|isbn=978-1-56023-645-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=usruybRjfMUC|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2020-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101052759/https://books.google.com/books?id=usruybRjfMUC|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Fenway Guide">{{cite book|last=Makadon|first=Harvey J.|coauthors=Kenneth H. Mayer, Jennifer Potter, Hilary Goldhammer|title=The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health|publisher=ACP Press|year=2008|isbn=1-930513-95-X|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VsRwtwb-He8C&dq=LGBTI+community+intersex+including&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404082201/http://books.google.com/books?id=VsRwtwb-He8C&dq=LGBTI+community+intersex+including&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。也有個別族群不認為自己和LGBT所涵蓋的其他族群有所關聯<ref name="In-Between Bodies">{{cite book|last=Bloodsworth-Lugo|first=Mary K.|title=In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality|publisher=SUNY Press|date=2007|isbn=978-0-7914-7221-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ph74JKY_5dwC&dq=LGBTQ&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2017-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327180804/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph74JKY_5dwC&dq=LGBTQ&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。有人基於「同性戀分離主義」思想，認為男、女同性戀者應脫離其他族群成為另一個團體<ref name="In-Between Bodies" /><ref name="Gays/Justice">{{cite book|last=Mohr|first=Richard D.|title=Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law|publisher=Columbia University Press|date=1988|isbn=978-0-231-06735-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=dfUw8Zl0kPEC|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2020-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804110210/https://books.google.com/books?id=dfUw8Zl0kPEC|dead-url=no}}</ref>，理由是跨性別和變性者与同性戀人士不同<ref name="Coming Out in Christi">{{cite book|last=Wilcox|first=Melissa M.|title=Coming Out in Christianity: Religion, Identity, and Community|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=2003|isbn=0-253-21619-2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yjdhpMnHEIMC&dq=%22+the+use+of+LGBT%22&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404085458/http://books.google.com/books?id=yjdhpMnHEIMC&dq=%22+the+use+of+LGBT%22&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。有人則認為“LGBT”這個用語太過[[政治正確]]，企圖將[[多元性別]]族群劃入灰色地帶，意味著包含主流性別族群的問題和優先權都獲得了平等的考量<ref name="Coming Out in Christi"/><ref name="It's Your World">{{cite book|last=Halpin|first=Mikki|title=It's Your World--If You Don't Like It, Change It: Activism for Teenagers|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2004|isbn=0-689-87448-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ud3Zzo2-VMsC&dq=word+searching+gay+lesbian+bisexual+transgender&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404091354/http://books.google.com/books?id=Ud3Zzo2-VMsC&dq=word+searching+gay+lesbian+bisexual+transgender&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

{{Spoken Wikipedia|Zh-tw-LGBT.ogg|2016年|1月31日|臺灣漢語}}

=== 變体 ===
[[File:Marcha-orgullo-buenos-aires.JPG|thumb|right|2007年于[[布宜诺斯艾利斯]]举行的[[骄傲游行]]，旗帜上印有LGBT字样]]
“LGBT”有许多变体用法，有些只是改變其字母排列順序。“'''{{lang|en|LGBT}}'''”和“'''{{lang|en|GLBT}}'''”是最常用的两种<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2SOe4igsrbgC&dq=%22GLBT%22+%22LGBT%22&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |title=Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others |last=Alexander |first=Jonathan |publisher=Haworth Press |accessdate=2008-07-05 |year=2004 |isbn=1-56023-287-0 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404074811/http://books.google.com/books?id=2SOe4igsrbgC&dq=%22GLBT%22+%22LGBT%22&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |archivedate=2015-04-04 |coauthors=Karen Yescavage |dead-url=no}}</ref>。有些人會使用「'''{{lang|en|LGBT+}}'''」來表示LGBT和相關社群<ref name="udayton.edu">{{cite web|title=Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/|access-date=2019-04-28|date=2019-04-26|last=Vikhrov|first=Natalie|website=Thomson Reuters Foundation|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224103611/http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。在不包含跨性別者時，它就變成“'''{{lang|en|LGB}}'''”<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" /><ref name="Psychology and Sexu">{{cite book|last=Bohan|first=Janis S.|title=Psychology and Sexual Orientation: Coming to Terms|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=0-415-91514-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=v5IzSjeq1S8C&dq=%22GLBT%22+%22LGBT%22&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404064550/http://books.google.com/books?id=v5IzSjeq1S8C&dq=%22GLBT%22+%22LGBT%22&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。它也可能加入兩個“Q”来代表[[酷兒]]與[[疑性恋]]，變成“'''LGBTQ'''”或“'''LGBTQQ'''”<ref name="In-Between Bodies" /><ref name="Girls' Violence">{{cite book|last=Alder|first=Christine|coauthors=Anne Worrall|title=Girls' Violence: Myths and Realities|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2004|isbn=0-7914-6110-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=O0ye93mW0eUC&dq=LGBTQQ&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404071803/http://books.google.com/books?id=O0ye93mW0eUC&dq=LGBTQQ&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Advocacy Research in">{{cite book|last=Cherland|first=Meredith Rogers|coauthors=Helen J. Harper|title=Advocacy Research in Literacy Education: Seeking Higher Ground|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|isbn=0-8058-5056-2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ct_5Cf1aH0kC&dq=%22GLBTQ%3F%22&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404081545/http://books.google.com/books?id=ct_5Cf1aH0kC&dq=%22GLBTQ%3F%22&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=同志骄傲月：LGBT历史上鲜为人知的五个故事|url=https://www.bbc.com/ukchina/simp/57440586|newspaper=BBC 英伦网|accessdate=2023-04-14|language=zh-hans|archive-date=2023-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514141230/https://www.bbc.com/ukchina/simp/57440586|dead-url=no}}</ref>；加入一個“I”來代表[[雙性人]]，變成“'''{{lang|en|LGBTI}}'''”；加入另一個“T”來代表[[變性人]]或[[異裝癖]]，變成“'''{{lang|en|LGBTT}}'''”；加入一個“A”來代表[[無性戀]]（asexual）或[[直同志]]，變成“'''{{lang|en|LGBTA}}'''”<ref>{{cite web|title=Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual Resource Center|url=http://lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu/index.html|access-date=2017-01-20|date=2015-09-21|publisher=University of California, Davis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202112709/http://lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu/index.html|archive-date=2017-02-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>。如果以上全部都包含進去的話，就變成“'''{{lang|en|LGBTTIQQA}}'''”，不過這種用法極為少見。进入2010年代後，「{{lang|en|LGBTQIA}}」因作为更广泛，更有包容性的缩写词而开始流行起来<ref>{{cite news|title=后同性恋时代的“跨性别主义者”|url=http://cn.nytimes.com/style/20130826/c26lgbt/|accessdate=2013-08-26|newspaper=纽约时报中文网|date=2013年8月26日|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901041340/http://cn.nytimes.com/style/20130826/c26lgbt/|archivedate=2013-09-01|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。（释义：其中 “Q”表示 “Queer”或“Questioning”，即[[酷儿]]与[[疑性恋]]；“I”表示“Intersex”，即[[双性人]]；“A”表示[[无性恋]]（“Agender”）或[[直同志]]（“Ally”））臺灣則有“'''{{lang|en|LGBTSQQ}}'''”的用法<ref>{{citation |url=https://gender.nkuht.edu.tw/var/file/41/1041/img/57_4c80d2fb.pdf |format=PDF |title=認識多元性別 |dead-url=no |accessdate=2022-01-04 |archive-date=2022-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104095658/https://gender.nkuht.edu.tw/var/file/41/1041/img/57_4c80d2fb.pdf }}</ref>，其中的“S”指的是「直同志（{{lang|en|Tonzhi-Friendly Straight}}）」。此外還有表示「不確定」的「U」；[[雙靈]]的「TS」和「2」；[[多邊戀|多角戀]]或[[泛性戀]]的「P」；好奇的「C」；和代表[[全性戀]]或其他的「O」，連寫可為「'''{{lang|en|LGBTQQIAAPPO2S}}'''」<ref name="Oberlin">{{cite book|last=Lebaron|first=Sarah|coauthors=Jessica Pecsenye, Becerra Roland, Jon Skindzier|title=Oberlin College: Oberlin, Ohio|publisher=College Prowler, Inc|date=2005|isbn=978-1-59658-092-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=T3RFabY6chcC&dq=LGBTU&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404061448/http://books.google.com/books?id=T3RFabY6chcC&dq=LGBTU&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Teaching about Asian">{{cite book|last=Chen|first=Edith Wen-Chu|coauthors=Glenn Omatsu|title=Teaching about Asian Pacific Americans: Effective Activities, Strategies, and Assignments for Classrooms and Communities (Critical Perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans)|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2006|isbn=0-7425-5338-8|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JqLOnyU081kC|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2020-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804143414/https://books.google.com/books?id=JqLOnyU081kC|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="After Revolution: M">{{cite book|last=Babb|first=Florence E.|title=After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=2001|isbn=0-292-70900-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=chnFbKcBXpQC&dq=LGBTT&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404083438/http://books.google.com/books?id=chnFbKcBXpQC&dq=LGBTT&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Gay and Lesbian Righ">{{cite book|last=Padilla|first=Yolanda C.|title=Gay and Lesbian Rights Organizing: Community-based Strategies|publisher=Haworth Press|year=2003|isbn=1-56023-275-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DN2KGHnYN0EC&dq=LGBTT+transsexual&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404084346/http://books.google.com/books?id=DN2KGHnYN0EC&dq=LGBTT+transsexual&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="From Hate Crimes t">{{cite book|last=Swigonski|first=Mary E.|coauthors=Robin S. Mama, Kelly Ward, Matthew Shepard|title=From Hate Crimes to Human Rights: A Tribute to Matthew Shepard|publisher=Haworth Press|year=2001|isbn=1-56023-257-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fzp9QP0h6bAC&dq=lgbt2+two-spirit&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404080543/http://books.google.com/books?id=fzp9QP0h6bAC&dq=lgbt2+two-spirit&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" /><ref name="Peace Kills">{{cite book|last=O'Rourke|first=P. J.|title=Peace Kills: America's Fun New Imperialism|publisher=Grove Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8021-4198-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IqivmWcKYZEC|access-date=2021-07-04|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191755/https://books.google.com/books?id=IqivmWcKYZEC|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Inoue|first=Natsumi|date=2022-02-10|title=What is LGBTQQIAAPPO2S? {{!}} Sustainability from Japan|url=https://zenbird.media/what-is-lgbtqqiaappo2s/|access-date=2023-03-19|website=Zenbird|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404235019/https://zenbird.media/what-is-lgbtqqiaappo2s/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。在印度，「'''{{Lang|en|LGBTIH}}'''」被用於包含第三性別身份的[[海吉拉]]及相關亞文化，「H」代表受[[艾滋病毒]]影響的人<ref name="Pune Mirror">{{cite web|title=Maiden stage act by city's LGBT face gets censor's chop|url=http://www.punemirror.in/pune/cover-story/Maiden-stage-act-by-citys-LGBT-face-gets-censors-chop/articleshow/45312884.cms|access-date=2014-12-22|website=punemirror.in|publisher=Pune Mirror|last1=Gurjar|first1=Kaumudi|archive-date=2016-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528092821/http://www.punemirror.in/pune/cover-story/Maiden-stage-act-by-citys-LGBT-face-gets-censors-chop/articleshow/45312884.cms|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="GayLeeds">{{cite web|title=Gay Leeds&nbsp;— Your comprehensive guide to all things gay in Leeds|url=http://www.gayleeds.com/editors/article/_LGB-or-LGBT-or-LGBTQ-or-What/|access-date=2014-12-22|website=gayleeds.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109003322/http://www.gayleeds.com/editors/article/_LGB-or-LGBT-or-LGBTQ-or-What/|archive-date=2015-01-09|last1=McCusker|first1=Ros|url-status=dead}}</ref>。

[[泛性恋]]和[[酷儿]]经常被归类在[[双性恋]]之下；[[变性人]]和[[双性人]]被部分人归类在跨性别之下，但这种归类遭到变性人和双性人的反对。各种变体的字母顺序并不统一，除了上文提到的以“{{lang|en|LGBT}}”或“{{lang|en|GLBT}}”两种，也有其它以任意顺序排列的情况，但不如前两种常见<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" />。{{lang|en|LGBT}}一词的各种变体并没有任何政治意味，但是反应了使用者对不同群体或个体的偏好<ref name="Narrative Therapy">{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Catrina|coauthors=Tod Augusta-Scott|title=Narrative Therapy: Making Meaning, Making Lives|publisher=Sage Publications Inc|date=2006|isbn=978-1-4129-0988-4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=STMieEKGGikC&dq=LGBT+variations&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404084527/http://books.google.com/books?id=STMieEKGGikC&dq=LGBT+variations&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

[[非裔美国人]]同性恋社群为了与[[白人]]主导的同性恋社群区分，倾向保用“同性之爱”（{{lang|en|Same gender loving}}）<ref name="The Politics of Gay Rights">{{cite book|last=Rimmerman|first=Craig A.|coauthors=Kenneth D. Wald, Clyde Wilcox|title=The Politics of Gay Rights|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2006|isbn=1-4129-0988-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=AlErV-3RpDEC&dq=lgbt+white+same+gender+loving&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404062845/http://books.google.com/books?id=AlErV-3RpDEC&dq=lgbt+white+same+gender+loving&lr=&num=50&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。医学界倾向于使用“MSM”（{{lang|en|Men who have sex with men}}）来形容一个人的同性倾向。在2000年代，“性与性别认同少数群体”（{{lang|en|Minority sexual and gender identities}}）被引入以形容以上所有的群体<ref>Young, R M & Meyer, I H (2005) The Trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse American Journal of Public Health July 2005 Vol. 95 No. 7.</ref><ref>Glick, M Muzyka, B C Salkin, L M Lurie, D (1994) Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis: a marker for immune deterioration and a predictor for the diagnosis of [[AIDS]] Journal of Periodontology 1994 65 p. 393–397.</ref>。其它的[[首字母缩略字]]，如“'''{{lang|en|QUILTBAG}}'''”、“'''{{lang|en|LGBTetc}}'''”、“'''{{lang|en|LGBTQetc}}'''”等曾被提出但没有得到广泛使用<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Claes &#124; LGBTQ-etc Studies|url=http://www.philosophy.ugent.be/tomclaes/lgbtqjournals|accessdate=2011-10-23|date=|publisher=Philosophy.ugent.be|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402114321/http://www.philosophy.ugent.be/tomclaes/lgbtqjournals|archivedate=2012-04-02|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Popular Lgbt Etc Books|url=http://www.goodreads.com/shelf/show/lgbt-etc|accessdate=2011-10-23|date=|publisher=Goodreads.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111013128/http://www.goodreads.com/shelf/show/lgbt-etc|archivedate=2012-11-11|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Queer Basics « HUHC: The Conversation|url=http://huhc.wordpress.com/2011/03/22/queer-basics/|accessdate=2011-10-23|date=2011-03-23|publisher=Huhc.wordpress.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402114305/http://huhc.wordpress.com/2011/03/22/queer-basics/|archivedate=2012-04-02|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。

=== 爭議 ===
[[File:Were a gay and happy family wagon.jpg|thumb|right|一些LGBT家庭并不希望学者将他们当作[[非异性恋]]研究。图为2007年骄傲游行上的同性恋家庭]]
“{{lang|en|LGBT}}”或“{{lang|en|GLBT}}”并没有得到所有人的认同<ref name="Counseling Lesbian, G" />。一些人认为[[跨性别]]及[[双性人]]和[[同性恋]]及[[双性恋]]并不同，因此前者不应该和后者放在一起<ref name="Coming Out in Christi" />。这种观点认为跨性别的焦点在于[[性别认同]]而与[[性倾向]]无关，而LGB群体的焦点在于性倾向或者被何种性别吸引<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" /><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" />。这种区别带来的显著影响是LGB群体与跨性别的政治诉求不同。LGB运动通常在于争取[[同性婚姻]]的权益以及[[人权]]，而跨性别的政治诉求不在于此<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" />。同样，[[双性人]]希望加入LGBT群体而合称为“'''LGBTI'''”，但是部分人认为[[双性人]]与LGBT群体不同而希望将他们排除在外<ref name="Challenging Lesbian Nor" /><ref name="Fenway Guide" />。

与前面提到的问题相反的是，LGBT社群里存在同性恋分离主义<ref name="In-Between Bodies" /><ref name="Gays/Justice" />。持这种观点的人认为男同性恋和女同性恋应该与LGBTQ群体分开成立自己的社群。尽管并没有明显的个人或组织推动相关的提议，但这种呼声一直都存在于LGBT社群中<ref name="Gays/Justice" /><ref name="Gay and Lesbian Polit">{{cite book|last=Blasius|first=Mark|title=Gay and Lesbian Politics: Sexuality and the Emergence of a New Ethic|publisher=Temple University Press|year=1994|isbn=1-56639-173-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=89C9DGEertsC&dq=gay+separatism&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404065253/http://books.google.com/books?id=89C9DGEertsC&dq=gay+separatism&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Sexual Identities, Queer Politi">{{cite book|last=Blasius|first=Mark|title=Sexual Identities, Queer Politics: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Politics|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-691-05867-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zXMrHYZ7QdwC&dq=gay+separatism&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404083854/http://books.google.com/books?id=zXMrHYZ7QdwC&dq=gay+separatism&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>。有时候男女同性恋会否认任何非[[单性恋]]的存在，也拒绝承认非单性恋的平等权利<ref name="Sexual Identities, Queer Politi" />。这可能会导致公开的[[双性恋恐惧症]]和[[跨性别恐惧症]]<ref name="Gays/Justice" /><ref name="Sexual Identities, Queer Politi" />。

许多人寻求更合适的词汇来代替现有的“{{lang|en|LGBT}}”，比如“酷儿”和“彩虹”<ref>{{Cite web|title=什麼是酷兒 (Queer)？從歷史認識同志運動起源|url=https://lgbtq.tw/%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%98%AF%E9%85%B7%E5%85%92-queer%EF%BC%9F%E5%BE%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B8%B6%E4%BD%A0%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90/|website=LGBTQ.tw 台灣酷家|date=2017-02-28|language=zh-TW|last=家編|access-date=2024-02-26|archive-date=2024-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227054019/https://lgbtq.tw/%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%98%AF%E9%85%B7%E5%85%92-queer%EF%BC%9F%E5%BE%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B8%B6%E4%BD%A0%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90/|dead-url=no}}</ref>，但是这些词并没有得到广泛的认可<ref name="Sexual Identities, Queer Politi" /><ref name="Forging Gay Identities">{{cite book|last=Armstrong|first=Elizabeth A.|title=Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950–1994|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=2002|ISBN=0-226-02694-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jnYy6hSdocAC|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2020-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804143417/https://books.google.com/books?id=jnYy6hSdocAC|dead-url=no}}</ref>。“酷儿”有太多的负面联想，尤其让年长的人想起LGBT群体受到迫害的时期<ref name="Sexual Identities, Queer Politi" /><ref name="Forging Gay Identities" />。许多年轻人也明白“酷儿”比“{{lang|en|LGBT}}”拥有更多的政治含义<ref name="Forging Gay Identities" /><ref name="It's Your World" />。而“彩虹”则容易让人想起[[嬉皮士]]和[[新纪元运动]]。

“{{lang|en|LGBT}}社群”或“{{lang|en|LGB}}社群”无所不包的含义不受部分男女同性恋者的欢迎，一些人并不接受争取[[LGBT法律|LGBT权益]]总与[[骄傲游行]]联系在一起<ref name="In-Between Bodies" /><ref name="That's Revolting">{{cite book|last=Sycamore|first=Matt Bernstein|title=That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation|publisher=Soft Skull Press|date=2005|ISBN=1-932360-56-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4moAP04OpPIC|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2020-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223531/https://books.google.com/books?id=4moAP04OpPIC|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="The Political Edge">{{cite book|last=Carlsson|first=Chris|title=The Political Edge|publisher=City Lights Books|date=2005|ISBN=1-931404-05-4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=baLQUlbCankC|accessdate=2008-07-05|archivedate=2019-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085757/https://books.google.com/books?id=baLQUlbCankC|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="That's Revolting" /><ref name="The Political Edge" />。也有人认为将所有的非异性恋归在一起会强化同性恋和双性恋与其他人不同的刻板印象<ref name="In-Between Bodies" /><ref name="That's Revolting" />。和主流同性恋活动人士相比，持这种观点的人较少<ref name="That's Revolting" /><ref name="The Political Edge" />。由于异性恋缺乏对{{lang|en|LGBT}}群体内部的了解，人们通常认为所有的{{lang|en|LGBT}}人士都支持{{lang|en|LGBT}}权益和提升性别和性倾向少数群体在社会中的可见度。

== 历史 ==
1960年代[[性革命]]之前，社会上并没有专门指代[[非异性恋]]的中立词汇。最接近中立的词汇是1860年代出现的“[[第三性]]”，但这个词并没有在社会上得到广泛接受<ref name="The Social Studies C">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC&vq=LGBT&dq=%22using+LGBT%22&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |title=The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities |last=Ross |first=E. Wayne |date=2006 |publisher=SUNY Press |accessdate=2008-07-05 |isbn=978-0-7914-6909-5 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404073218/http://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC&vq=LGBT&dq=%22using+LGBT%22&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |archivedate=2015-04-04 |dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>Kennedy, Hubert C. (1980) ''The "third sex" theory of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs'', Journal of Homosexuality. 1980–1981 Fall–Winter; 6(1–2): pp. 103–1</ref><ref>Hirschfeld, Magnus, 1904. ''Berlins Drittes Geschlecht'' ("Berlin's Third Sex")</ref><ref>Ellis, Havelock and Symonds, J. A., 1897. ''Sexual Inversion''.</ref><ref>Carpenter, Edward, 1908. ''[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/carpenter-is.html The Intermediate Sex: A Study of Some Transitional Types of Men and Women] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/carpenter-is.html|date=20130603093506}}''.</ref><ref>Duc, Aimée, 1901. ''Sind es Frauen? Roman über das dritte Geschlecht'' ("Are These Women? Novel about the Third Sex")</ref>。第一个广泛传播的词汇是“同性恋”，但是这个词在1950和1960年代被认为有贬义，所以一度被“同性爱”代替<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cCoADHpbzHsC&pg=PA238&%7cpg=PA238 |title=Departing from Deviance |last=Minton |first=Henry |publisher=University of Chicago Press |accessdate=2009-01-01 |year=2002 |isbn=0-226-53043-4 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404064001/http://books.google.com/books?id=cCoADHpbzHsC&pg=PA238&%7cpg=PA238 |archivedate=2015-04-04 |dead-url=no}}</ref>，1970年代被“gay”代替<ref name="The Social Studies C" /> 。随着[[女同性恋]]受到越来越多的关注，“{{lang|en|gay}}”和“{{lang|en|lesbian}}”的使用变得普遍<ref name="Gay Pride Nee" />。女同性恋组织[[比利提斯的女儿]]在1970年代提出了女同性恋社群应该更注重哪个方向的争议——应该更关注于[[女权运动]]还是[[同性恋权益]]<ref>Esterberg, Kristen (September, 1994). "From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement." ''Gender and Society'', '''8''', (3) p. 424–443.</ref>。身兼[[女同性恋]]身份的[[女权主义]]者认为[[男女平等]]应优先考量，认为性别分工和男女气质被这个群体认为是父权的象征，不参与当时在酒吧流行的性别角色游戏，也回避男同性恋[[沙文主义]]；一些女同性恋的女权主义者不愿意和男同性恋者一起工作<ref>{{cite book |title=''Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America'' |author=Faderman, Lillian |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1991 |isbn=0-14-017122-3 |pages=210–211}}</ref>。持[[本质主义]]观点的女同性恋认为自己生来即为同性恋，倾向于用“{{lang|en|lesbian}}”这个词来形容自己的[[性倾向]]，并认为同性恋分离主义和[[女权主义]]者的愤怒观点不利于争取[[同性恋权益]]。这种态度迅速被[[双性恋]]和[[跨性别]]人士认可，并一起寻求更大社群的认同<ref name="Gay Pride Nee" />。在[[石墙暴动]]后的一段时间，即1970和1980年代，男同性恋和女同性恋皆对双性恋和跨性别人士的接纳程度有所降低<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QiJryCzrZmYC&dq=transgender+acceptance+by+gay&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |title=Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide |last=Leli |first=Ubaldo |publisher=Haworth Press |accessdate=2008-07-05 |year=2005 |isbn=0-7890-2576-0 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404065031/http://books.google.com/books?id=QiJryCzrZmYC&dq=transgender+acceptance+by+gay&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |archivedate=2015-04-04 |coauthors=Jack Drescher |dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" />。双性恋被认为是不敢[[出柜]]或不能自我认同的同性恋，而跨性别被认为其行为偏离了人们对性别的[[刻板印象]]<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities" />。每个社群都发展出了各自的自我认同，其中包括是否接受其他性别的族群以及如何与其他性别相处的问题，然而这些争论持续至今<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" />。

“{{lang|en|LGBT}}”第一次于1988年在美国出现<ref>[http://books.google.ch/books?ei=PW9JTfOeOtPd4AbR54SjDA&ct=result&id=PiglAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22An+Examination+of+the+Family-School+Relationship%22&q=LGBT#search_anchor Research, policy and practice: Annual meeting] {{Wayback|url=http://books.google.ch/books?ei=PW9JTfOeOtPd4AbR54SjDA&ct=result&id=PiglAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22An+Examination+of+the+Family-School+Relationship%22&q=LGBT#search_anchor|date=20181230233546}}, American Educational Research Association Verlag AERA, 1988.</ref>。1990年代，“{{lang|en|LGBT}}”作为中立词汇被用来称呼这四个群体以表示尊重<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" />。尽管LGBT群体内部对不同群体的接纳程度不一且有不少争论，但“{{lang|en|LGBT}}”一词的使用还是被认为是包容的积极象征<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" /><ref name="The Handbook of Lesb2">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC&dq=%22using+LGBT%22&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |title=The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service |last=Shankle |first=Michael D. |publisher=Haworth Press |accessdate=2008-07-05 |year=2006 |isbn=1-56023-496-2 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404062040/http://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC&dq=%22using+LGBT%22&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |archivedate=2015-04-04 |dead-url=no}}</ref>。尽管“LGBT”一词没能体现非异性恋中的所有小群体，但这些未能体现的群体通常也被认为是“LGBT”所涵盖的一部分<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb1" /><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" />。总的来说，“LGBT”一词一直尽量把被边缘化的群体包含到该词的意义里<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend" /><ref name="The Handbook of Lesb2" />。

== 权利 ==
{{Main|各地LGBT權利}}LGBTQ人群所享有的法律权利因国家或[[司法管轄權|司法管辖区]]不同而差异巨大。影响LGBTQ人群的无论正负面的法律包括但不限于：

* [[同性婚姻]]的法律承认
* 有关同性育儿（包括同性[[收養|收养]]）的法律
* 在就业、住房、教育、公共服务与设施等方面的[[反歧視法|反歧视法]]
* [[仇恨犯罪|仇恨犯罪法]]对针对LGBTQ人群的偏见暴力行为加重刑事处罚
* 影响跨性别者进入按性别隔离的设施的卫生间法案
* 将双方自愿的同性性行为定为犯罪的[[鸡奸]]法
* 将LGBTQ人群身份或组织、表达等直接定为犯罪或处罚
* 关于获得[[性別肯定手術|性别确认手术]]和性别确认激素替代疗法的法律
* 对其肯定性别的法律承认与便利措施

即使在对LGBTQ权利有强有力保护的司法管辖区， LGBTQ人群仍然可能遭受歧视。

== 旗幟 ==
{{See also|LGBT符號}}
<gallery>
File:Gay flag.svg|[[彩虹旗 (LGBT)|彩虹旗]]
File:Bi flag.svg|雙性戀驕傲旗幟
File:Pansexuality Pride Flag.svg|泛性戀驕傲旗幟
File:Asexual Pride Flag.svg|無性戀驕傲旗幟
File:Transgender Pride flag.svg|跨性別驕傲旗幟
File:Genderqueer flag-pride.svg|性別酷兒驕傲旗幟
File:Intersex flag.svg|雙性人驕傲旗幟
File:Lesbian pride flag 2018.svg|女同性恋驕傲旗幟
File:Bear Brotherhood flag.svg|國際熊族旗幟
File:Leather, Latex, and BDSM pride - Light.svg|[[皮革自豪之旗]]
File:Genderfluidity Pride-Flag.svg|流動性別驕傲旗幟
File:Israeli Transgender Flag.svg|[[以色列]]跨性別和性別酷兒
File:Gay Flag of South Africa.svg|南非彩虹旗
</gallery>

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== 外部链接 ==
{{Commonscat|LGBT}}
{{wiktionary|en:LGBT|QUILTBAG}}
{{Wikiquote|LGBT|LGBT}}
* [[Open Directory Project]]：[http://www.dmoz.org/World/Chinese_Simplified/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B/ 同性恋与双性恋]{{Wayback|url=http://www.dmoz.org/World/Chinese_Simplified/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B/ |date=20100104133318 }}目录
* [[Open Directory Project]]：[http://www.dmoz.org/World/Chinese_Simplified/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A/%E8%B7%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB/ 跨性别]{{Wayback|url=http://www.dmoz.org/World/Chinese_Simplified/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A/%E8%B7%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB/|date=20100105082234}}目录
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050317094204/http://www.glbtq.com/ GLBTQ GLBT和酷兒文化百科全書]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152330/http://directory.lgbtcenters.org/ 美国和国际LGBT社区中心]目录
* [http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/index.aspx 美国心理学协会LGBT问题办公室]{{Wayback|url=http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/index.aspx|date=20190128230215}}
* 校园安全联盟[https://web.archive.org/web/20110515204547/http://www.safeschoolscoalition.org/glossary.pdf 术语表]
* 宗教研究所 [http://www.religiousinstitute.org/sites/default/files/study_guides/timetoseekfinal.pdf Time to Seek]{{Wayback|url=http://www.religiousinstitute.org/sites/default/files/study_guides/timetoseekfinal.pdf |date=20110603062034 }}
* [https://lgbtqia.wiki/ LGBTQIA+ Wiki]（[https://new.lgbtqia.wiki/ 新版网站]）

== 参见 ==
{{multicol}}
{{Portal box|性|LGBT|跨性別|女權主義|人權}}
* [[同性戀社群]]
* [[同性戀]]
* [[同志 (LGBT)|同志]]
* [[酷兒]]
* [[MOTSS]]
* [[出櫃]]
* [[異性裝扮]]
* [[各地LGBT權利]]
* [[同志神學]]
* [[酷儿理论]]
* [[LGBT政府首脑列表]]
* [[LGBT符号]]
{{multicol-end}}

{{-}}
{{LGBT|state=expanded}}
{{性別和性向认同}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:LGBT| ]]
[[Category:LGBT用語]]
[[Category:字首縮寫]]
[[Category:新詞]]