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{{noteTA |G1=IT |G2=Country |G3=PP |G4=OR |G5=Games |G6=USState |1 = zh-hans:布林; zh-hant:布林; |2 = zh-hans:首席执行官; zh-hant:執行長; zh-cn:首席执行官; zh-hk:行政總裁; zh-tw:執行長; zh-mo:行政總裁; |3 = zh-cn:斯坦福; zh-sg:斯坦福; zh-tw:史丹佛; zh-hk:史丹福; zh-mo:史丹福; |4 = zh:桑达; zh-cn:桑达尔; zh-tw:桑德爾; zh-hant:桑達; zh-hans:桑达; |5 = zh:皮采; zh-cn:皮查伊; zh-tw:皮查伊; zh-hant:皮采; zh-hans:皮采; |6 = zh-cn:拉里; zh-tw:賴瑞; |7 = zh-cn:佩奇; zh-tw:佩吉; |8 = zh-hans:拉里·佩奇; zh-tw:賴利·佩吉; zh-hk:拉利·比治; |9 = zh-hans:谢尔盖·布林; zh-hant:謝爾蓋·布林; zh-hk:些奇·布林; }} {{about||Google公司开发的搜索引擎|Google搜索|“Google”名字的起源，即大数10<sup>100</sup>|Googol}}{{Infobox company | name = 谷歌有限公司 | name_en = Google LLC | logo = Google 2026 logo.svg | logo_caption = 自2026年開始使用的[[Google商標]] | image = Googleplex HQ (cropped).jpg | image_caption = [[Googleplex]]，Google最初及最大的公司总部 | type = [[子公司]] | traded_as = NASDAQ: GOOG | location = [[美國]][[加利福尼亚州]][[芒廷维尤 (加利福尼亚州)|山景城]][[Googleplex]] | area_served = 全世界 | founder = [[拉里·佩奇]]、[[谢尔盖·布林]] | key_people = [[桑德爾·皮蔡|-{zh:桑达·皮采; zh-cn:桑达尔·皮查伊; zh-tw:桑德爾·皮查伊; zh-hant:桑達·皮采; zh-hans:桑达·皮采;}-]]（CEO） | slogan = 匯整全球資訊，供大眾使用，使人人受惠({{lang|en|To organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful.}}) | industry = [[互联网]]、[[软件]]、[[通訊裝置]] | products = 参见[[Google产品列表]] | revenue = {{profit}}[[美元|US$]]1,825.27億（2020年）<ref name="10k_report">{{cite web |title=February 3, 2021 - 10-K: Annual report for year ending December 31, 2020 |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204421000010/goog-20201231.htm#id55be7992b374e1a9a2bc48887ddbb3f_124 |website=UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION |accessdate=2021-08-21 |archive-date=2021-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013010750/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1652044%2F000165204421000010%2Fgoog-20201231.htm#id55be7992b374e1a9a2bc48887ddbb3f_124 |dead-url=no }}</ref> | operating_income = {{profit}}[[美元|US$]]412.24億（2020年）<ref name="10k_report"/> | net_income = {{profit}}[[美元|US$]]402.69億（2020年）<ref name="10k_report"/> | assets = {{profit}}[[美元|US$]]3,196.16億（2020年）<ref name="10k_report"/> | equity = {{profit}}[[美元|US$]]2,225.44億（2020年）<ref name="10k_report"/> | num_employees = 135,301（2020年12月31日）<ref name="10k_report"/> | parent = [[Alphabet|Alphabet Inc]] | homepage = {{official URL}} | foundation = 1998年9月4日<br/>（{{age in years and days|1998|9|4|age=no}}）{{NoteTag|1=Google最初于1998年9月4日成立，但是自2002年以来，该公司在9月的各个日子（通常是9月27日）庆祝其周年纪念日。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://time.com/3250807/google-anniversary/ |title=Google Used to Be the Company That Did 'Nothing But Search' |first=Alex |last=Fitzpatrick |date=1994-09-04 |website=[[時代雜誌]] |accessdate=2019-09-28 |archive-date=2019-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016175103/https://time.com/3250807/google-anniversary/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/09/27/when-is-googles-21st-birthday-doodle/ |title=When is Google's birthday – and why are people confused? |author=Telegraph Reporters |date=2019-09-27 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |accessdate=2019-09-28 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112103541/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/09/27/when-is-googles-21st-birthday-doodle/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-birthday-surprise-spinner-date-problem-start-company-a7968951.html |title=Google birthday: The one big problem with the company’s celebratory doodle |first=Andrew |last=Griffin |date=2019-09-27 |website=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=2019-09-28 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112103548/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-birthday-surprise-spinner-date-problem-start-company-a7968951.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/05/google.mediabusiness |title=Happy birthday Google |first=Richard |last=Wray |date=2008-09-05 |website=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=2019-09-28 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112103550/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/05/google.mediabusiness |dead-url=no }}</ref>}}<br>[[美國]][[加利福尼亞州]][[门洛帕克 (加利福尼亚州)|门洛帕克]] | subsid = [[Adscape]]<br>[[YouTube LLC]]<br>[[Google AdMob]]<br>[[Google DeepMind]]<br>[[Google FeedBurner]]<br>[[Google Nest]]<br>[[Google Registry]]<br>[[Dialogflow]]<br>[[Kaggle]]<br>[[Fitbit]]<br>[[Looker]]<br>[[AppSheet]]<br>[[Apigee]]<br>[[Neverware]]<br>[[ITA Software]]<br>[[Google FeedBurner]]<br>[[Crashlytics]]<br>{{le|Google Security Operations}}<br>[[reCAPTCHA]]<br>[[Xively]]<br>[[BufferBox]]<br>[[Android]]<br>[[JotSpot]]<br>[[Orbitera]] <br>[[美國麥迪安網路安全公司|Mandiant]] | major_shareholder = {{ubl|[[拉利·比治]]|[[些奇·布林]]|FMRLLC（富達投資)|[[先鋒領航]]|SSgA（道富環球投資管理公司）}} }} '''Google'''（中文譯名：'''谷歌'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.cn/|title=Google中国|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216194137/http://www.google.cn/|archive-date=2006-12-16|dead-url=no}}</ref>{{NoteTag|1=Google Inc. 在台灣登記為美商科高國際有限公司<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vista.tw/archives/2006/04/13/251|title=谷歌與科高|date=2006-04-12|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503202004/http://vista.tw/archives/2006/04/13/251|archive-date=2016-05-03|dead-url=no}}</ref>，中國大陸亦有北京谷翔信息技术有限公司以及上海的咕果信息技术（上海）有限公司等登記名稱。但產品中官方均直接使用英文的「Google」名稱。}}）是总部位于[[美国]][[加利福尼亞州|加州]][[山景城 (加利福尼亚州)|山景城]]的[[跨國公司|跨國]][[科技公司]]，為[[Alphabet]]（字母控股）的子公司，业务范围涵盖[[網際網路|互联网]]广告、[[搜索引擎|互联网搜索]]、[[云计算]]等领域，开发并提供大量基于互联网的产品与服务<ref>参见：[[Google产品列表]].</ref>，其主要利润来自[[Google Ads|Ads]]和[[Google AdSense|AdSense]]等广告服务<ref name="financialtables">{{cite web |url=//investor.google.com/fin_data.html |title=Financial Tables |publisher=Google, Inc. |accessdate=2010-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208060531/http://investor.google.com/fin_data.html |archive-date=2010-02-08 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profit |first=David A. |last=Vise |url=https://archive.org/details/googlehetverhaal0000vise|newspaper=The Washington Post |date=2005-10-21}}</ref>。Google為北美4大[[雲端服務提供者]]（CSP）之一。Google由在[[斯坦福大学]]攻读[[理工]][[博士]]的[[拉里·佩奇]]和[[谢尔盖·布林]]共同创建，因此两人也被称为“{{lang|en|Google Guys}}”<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1158956,00.html |title=Meet the Google Guys |last=Ignatius |first=Adi |date=2006-02-12 |work=Time Magazine |publisher=Time Inc. |location=San Francisco, CA |accessdate=2013-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823131911/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1158956,00.html |archive-date=2013-08-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4835250n&tag=mncol;lst;1 |title=The Google Guys |date=2009-03-12 |newspaper=CBS News.com |publisher=CBS Interactive }}{{Dead link}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gizmodo.com/5464532/google-wants-to-add-store-interiors-to-maps |title=Google Wants to Add Store Interiors to Maps |last=Barrett |first=Brian |date=2010-02-04 |publisher=Gizmodo |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904154106/https://gizmodo.com/5464532/google-wants-to-add-store-interiors-to-maps |archive-date=2018-09-04 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。 1998年9月4日，Google以[[私营公司]]的形式创立，目的是设计并管理互联网搜索引擎“[[Google搜索]]”。2004年8月19日，Google公司在[[纳斯达克]][[上市公司|上市]]，后来被称为“三驾马车”的公司两位共同创始人与出任[[首席执行官]]的[[埃里克·施密特|-{zh-hk:艾力·施密特; zh-cn:埃里克·施密特; zh-tw:艾立克·施密特;}-]]在此时承诺：共同在Google工作至少二十年，即至2024年止<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/01/18/news/companies/google.fortune/index.htm |title=Google wins again |date=2008-01-29 |newspaper=Fortune.com |publisher=Time Warner |first=Adam |last=Lashinsky |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbNOfxM?url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/01/18/news/companies/google.fortune/index.htm |archive-date=2012-10-20 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。Google的宗旨是“-{zh-cn:整合全球信息，供大众使用，使人人受益;zh-tw:匯整全球資訊，供大眾使用，使人人受惠}-”（''{{lang|en|To organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful}}''）<ref name="corporate">{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/corporate/ |title=Google Corporate Information |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426041405/http://www.google.com/corporate/ |archive-date=2011-04-26 |dead-url=no }}</ref>；而非正式的口号则为“[[不作恶]]”（''{{lang|en|Don't be evil}}''），由工程师阿米特·帕特尔（{{lang|en|Amit Patel}}）所创<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/biztech/dont-be-evil/2008/04/15/1208025168177.html?page=3|title=Don't Be Evil or don't lose value?|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2008-04-15|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924195347/http://www.smh.com.au/news/biztech/dont-be-evil/2008/04/15/1208025168177.html?page=3|archive-date=2015-09-24|dead-url=no}}</ref>，并得到了[[保罗·布赫海特]]的支持<ref>{{cite web |url=//investor.google.com/conduct.html |title=Google Code of Conduct |date=2009-04-08 |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115204613/http://investor.google.com/conduct.html |archive-date=2016-01-15 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2007-07-16-n55.html |title=Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More |first=Philip |last=Lenssen |date=2007-07-16 |publisher=Google Blogscoped |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XJRRIV?url=http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2007-07-16-n55.html |archive-date=2012-02-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。Google公司的总部称为“[[Googleplex]]”，位于美国[[加州]][[圣克拉拉县]]的[[山景城 (加利福尼亚州)|山景城]]。2011年4月，佩奇接替施密特擔任首席执行官<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tech.ifeng.com/internet/detail_2011_04/05/5557100_0.shtml |title=佩奇今日正式出任谷歌CEO外界评价不一 |work= |publisher=凤凰网 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113155553/http://tech.ifeng.com/internet/detail_2011_04/05/5557100_0.shtml |archive-date=2012-01-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。在2015年8月，Google宣布進行资产重组。重组後，Google划归新成立的[[Alphabet]]底下。同时，此舉把Google旗下的核心[[Google搜索|搜索]]和[[Google AdSense|廣告業務]]與[[Google Driverless Car|Google無人車]]等新兴业务分離開來<ref>{{cite news|first=|last=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=谷歌宣佈重組 創立母公司Alphabet|url=http://cn.wsj.com/big5/20150811/tec071040.asp|work=華爾街日報|publisher=|date=2015-08-11|accessdate=2015-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813154513/http://cn.wsj.com/big5/20150811/tec071040.asp|archive-date=2015-08-13|dead-url=no}}</ref>。 Google自创立起开始的快速成长同时也带动了一系列的产品研发、并购事项与合作关系，而不仅仅是公司核心的网络搜索业务。Google公司提供丰富的线上软件服务，如[[Google Drive|雲端硬碟]]、{{lang|en|[[Gmail]]}}[[电子邮件]]，包括{{lang|en|[[YouTube]]}}在内的[[影片分享網站]]。Google的产品同时也以[[应用软件]]的形式进入用户桌面，例如{{lang|en|[[Google Chrome]]}}[[网页浏览器]]、[[Google相簿]]、{{lang|en|[[Google Chat]]}}[[即时通讯工具]]等。另外，Google还进行了移动设备的{{lang|en|[[Android]]}}[[操作系统]]以及{{lang|en|[[ChromeOS]]}}操作系统的开发。<ref>[//www.google.com/chromebook chromebook]</ref>其安卓系统至今为止仍是移动端的主要操作系统之一。硬件系列方面，則有[[Google Pixel]][[手機]]及[[平板電腦]]，穿戴裝置如[[Google Pixel Watch]]及[[Google Pixel Buds]]等。 == 历史 == === 建立 === [[File:Google_1998.jpg|thumb|right|1998年，Google的早期页面很简洁，当时两位创始人在[[HTML]]方面并不是很有经验<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alan.blog-city.com/an_evening_with_googles_marissa_mayer.htm |title=An evening with Google's Marissa Mayer |last=Williamson |first=Alan |publisher=Alan Williamson |date=2005-01-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61rJXKAeq?url=http://alan.blog-city.com/an_evening_with_googles_marissa_mayer.htm |archivedate=2011-09-21 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>。在[[互联网档案馆]]上可以[https://web.archive.org/web/19990125084553/http://alpha.google.com/ 查看]Google 1999年时的外觀]] 1996年1月，加州[[斯坦福大学]]理学博士生的[[拉里·佩奇]]和[[谢尔盖·布林]]在学校开始研究一项关于搜索的研究项目。<ref name="milestones">{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html |title=Google Milestones |work=Corporate Information |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820212124/http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html |archive-date=2010-08-20 |dead-url=no }}</ref>区别于传统搜索根据关键字在页面中的出现次数来进行结果排序的方法，两人开发了一个对网站之间的关系做精确分析的搜寻引擎。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/ |title=The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web |last1=Page |first1=Lawrence |last2=Brin |first2=Sergey |last3=Motwani |first3=Rajeev |last4=Winograd |first4=Terry |date=1999-11-11 |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118014915/http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/ |archive-date=2009-11-18 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>这个名为[[PageRank]]的引擎通过检查网页中的[[反向链接]]以评估站点的重要性，此引擎的精确度胜于当时的基本搜索技术。<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/corporate/tech.html |title=Technology Overview |work=Corporate Information |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210175913/http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html |archive-date=2010-02-10 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1 |title=PageRank: Bringing Order to the Web |last=Page |first=Larry |work=Stanford Digital Library Project |date=1997-08-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020506051802/http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1 |archivedate=2002-05-06 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2014-04-16 }}</ref>最初，佩奇和布林将这个搜索引擎命名为「BackRub」，直到后来改为「Google」。<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Birth of Google |first=John |last=Battelle |newspaper=Wired Magazine |date=August 2005 |url=http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html?tw=wn_tophead_4 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbTgdmC?url=http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html?tw=wn_tophead_4 |archive-date=2012-10-20 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.static.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/22707.html |title=9 People, Places & Things That Changed Their Names |publisher=Mental Floss |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316220147/http://blogs.static.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/22707.html |archivedate=2010-03-16 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://huron.stanford.edu |title=Backrub search engine at Stanford University |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19961224105215/http://huron.stanford.edu/ |archivedate=1996-12-24 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>这个新名字来源于一个数学大数[[古戈尔]]（googol，数字1後有100个0，即[[自然数]]10<sup>100</sup>）单字错误的拼写方式，<ref>{{cite web |url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html |title=Origin of the name "Google" |last=Koller |first=David |date=January 2004 |publisher=Stanford University |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68ubHzYs7?url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html |archivedate=2012-07-04 |access-date=2019-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/ |title=From Googol to Google |last=Hanley |first=Rachael |date=2003-02-12 |newspaper=The Stanford Daily |publisher=Stanford University |archivedate=2011-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111017/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/ |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/ 2010-03-27 archive]</ref><ref>{{harvnb|柯利弗德|2013|=174}}</ref>象征着为人们提供搜索海量优质信息的决心。<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/company.html |title=Google! Beta website |publisher=Google, Inc. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990221202430/http://www.google.com/company.html |archivedate=1999-02-21 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2020-12-08 }}</ref> Google搜索引擎在斯坦福大学的网站上启用，域名为google.stanford.edu。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google.stanford.edu |title=Google! Search Engine |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19981111183552/http://google.stanford.edu/ |publisher=Stanford University |archivedate=1998-11-11 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref> 1997年9月15日，两人注册了Google[[域名]]。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whois.dnsstuff.com/tools/whois.ch?ip=google.com |title=WHOIS – google.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520022703/http://whois.dnsstuff.com/tools/whois.ch?ip=google.com |archivedate=2012-05-20 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>1998年9月4日，佩奇和布林在加州[[门洛帕克 (加利福尼亚州)|门洛帕克]]一位朋友家的车库内建立了Google公司，克雷格·西尔弗斯坦（Craig Silverstein）同为斯坦福大学的博士生是公司的首位雇员。<ref name="milestones"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/ |title=Craig Silverstein's website |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991002122809/http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/ |archivedate=1999-10-02 |publisher=Stanford University |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kopytoff |first=Verne |url=http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-09-07/news/17161124_1_larry-page-google-search-engine |title=Craig Silverstein grew a decade with Google |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications, Inc. |date=2008-09-07 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbUJWuY?url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Craig-Silverstein-grew-a-decade-with-Google-3270079.php |archive-date=2012-10-20 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brin|first=Sergey|author-link=Sergey Brin|last2=Page|first2=Lawrence|author-link2=Larry Page|year=1998|title=The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine|url=http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems|volume=30|issue=1–7|pages=107–117|doi=10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X|access-date=2019-12-17|archive-date=2015-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927004511/http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|dead-url=no| issn=0169-7552 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Barroso |first=L.A. |last2=Dean |first2=J. |last3=Holzle |first3=U. |date=2003-04-29 |title=Web search for a planet: the google cluster architecture |journal=IEEE Micro |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=22–28 |doi=10.1109/mm.2003.1196112 |quote=We believe that the best price/performance tradeoff for our applications comes from fashioning a reliable computing infrastructure from clusters of unreliable commodity PCs. |url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/8db8e53c92af2f97974707119525aa089f6ed53a |access-date=2019-12-17 |archive-date=2020-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124054201/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Web-Search-for-a-Planet%3A-The-Google-Cluster-Barroso-Dean/c1a0e40c06392f263bb2614d0d5ed290c3b3602c |dead-url=no }}</ref> === 上市 === [[File:Google’s First Production Server.jpg|thumb|right|Google的第一台产品服务器，用廉价的硬件建造而成<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102662167 |title=Google Server Assembly |publisher=Computer History Museum |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722083804/http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102662167 |archive-date=2010-07-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>]] 佩奇和布林在Google项目上最早获得投资是在1998年8月，[[Sun Microsystems]]的联合创始人[[安迪·贝托尔斯海姆]]给了两人一张十万[[美元]]的支票来用于搜索引擎的开发和运营，当时Google公司还尚未成立。<ref name="Bechtolsheim">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/04/29/MNGLD6CFND34.DTL |title=For early Googlers, key word is $$$ |last=Kopytoff |first=Verne |date=2004-04-29 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications |location=San Francisco |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919030812/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2004%2F04%2F29%2FMNGLD6CFND34.DTL |archivedate=2009-09-19 |accessdate=2017-06-08 }}</ref>到1999年，由于搜索引擎的开发花费了太多的学习时间，佩奇和布林甚至考虑将其出售。两人找到{{Link-en|Excite|Excite}}公司CEO乔治·贝尔（George Bell）提出一百万美元的收购价。尽管Excite的风险投资人[[维诺德·科斯拉]]在与Google的两位创始人谈判后将价格降低到75万美元，但仍被贝尔拒绝了。1999年6月7日，包括[[Kleiner Perkins公司]]和[[红杉资本]]在内的投资者为Google注资两千五百万美元。<ref name="Bechtolsheim"/><ref>{{Cite press release |url=http://google.com/pressrel/pressrelease1.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000309205910/http://google.com/pressrel/pressrelease1.html |archivedate=2000-03-09 |title=Google Receives $25 Million in Equity Funding |date=1999-06-07 |location=Palo Alto, Calif. |publisher=Google |deadurl=yes |access-date=2011-07-17 }}</ref> Google在2004年8月19日进行了[[首次公开募股]]，公司发行了19,605,052份每股价值85美元的[[股票]]。<ref name="IPO">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040819_6843_tc120.htm|title=Google: Whiz Kids or Naughty Boys?|last=Elgin|first=Ben|date=2004-08-19|newspaper=BusinessWeek|publisher=Bloomberg, L.P.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hT7Hw63l?url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040819_6843_tc120.htm|archive-date=2009-06-12|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=//investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf|title=2004 Annual Report|year=2004|publisher=Google, Inc.|page=29|location=Mountain View, California|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128152300/http://investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf|archive-date=2016-01-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>股票由[[摩根士丹利]]和[[瑞士信贷集团]]承销，以网上拍卖的形式发售。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/|title=Google sets $2.7 billion IPO|last=La Monica|first=Paul R.|date=2004-04-30|publisher=CNN Money|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbWCwIQ?url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/|archive-date=2012-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/news/want-in-on-googles-ipo/135799|title=Want In on Google's IPO?|last=Kawamoto|first=Dawn|date=2004-04-29|work=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XV2yME?url=http://www.zdnet.com/news/want-in-on-googles-ipo/135799|archive-date=2012-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="washpost">{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html|title=Google's IPO: Grate Expectations|last=Webb|first=Cynthia L.|newspaper=Washington Post|publisher=The Washington Post Company|accessdate=2010-02-19|location=Washington, D.C.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808031101/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html|archive-date=2007-08-08|dead-url=no}}</ref> IPO后，Google公司的[[市值]]迅速上涨到超过230亿美元，而Google仍然控制着27182万（2.718281828和数学常数e有关）股票中的大多数股份，许多Google公司的雇员也在瞬间变成[[亿万富翁]]。而作为竞争对手的[[雅虎]]，也因为在Google上市前持有840万股票而受益。<ref name="yahooshares">{{Cite news|url=http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3392781|title=Yahoo and Google Settle|last=Kuchinskas|first=Susan|date=2004-08-09|work=internet.com|publisher=QuinStreet, Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194254/http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3392781|archive-date=2016-12-27|dead-url=no}}</ref> 有人怀疑Google公司的企业文化在上市后，会由于董事会施压或高管们的暴富而不可避免地被改变。<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/04/63241 |title=Quirky Google Culture Endangered? |newspaper=Wired Magazine |date=2004-04-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814174333/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/04/63241 |archivedate=2010-08-14 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>两位创始人拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林则在一份报告中承诺，上市不会影响Google的公司文化，以作为对潜在投资者们的怀疑所做的回应。<ref>{{cite web |last1=Olsen |first1=Stefanie |last2=Kawamoto |first2=Dawn |url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1024-5201978.html |title=Google IPO at $2.7 billion |work=CNET News |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=2004-04-30 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510075237/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1024-5201978.html |archive-date=2011-05-10 |dead-url=no }}</ref>2005年，[[纽约时报]]等媒体撰文指出Google已经丧失了原来不作恶的哲学。<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rivlin |first=Gary |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/technology/24valley.html |title=Relax, Bill Gates; It's Google's Turn as the Villain |newspaper=New York Times |date=2005-08-24 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330120700/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/technology/24valley.html |archive-date=2015-03-30 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Gibson |first1=Owen |last2=Wray |first2=Richard |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/search-giant-may-outgrow-its-fans/2005/08/25/1124562975596.html3001.asp |title=Search giant may outgrow its fans |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=2005-08-25 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517075346/http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/search-giant-may-outgrow-its-fans/2005/08/25/1124562975596.html3001.asp |archive-date=2010-05-17 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ranka |first=Mohit |url=http://www.osnews.com/story/17928/Google--Dont-Be-Evil |title=Google – Don't Be Evil |publisher=OSNews |date=2007-05-17 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706224751/http://www.osnews.com/story/17928/Google--Dont-Be-Evil |archive-date=2010-07-06 |dead-url=no }}</ref>在此之下，为了保持与众不同的企业文化，Google专门指派了一位首席文化官，来为Google构建和维护企业内部广泛协助的扁平化组织，及其所产生的核心价值。<ref name="CCO">{{cite web |last=Mills |first=Elinor |url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/meet-google-s-culture-czar-339275147.htm |title=Google's culture czar |publisher=ZDNet |date=2007-04-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031155723/http://www.zdnet.com.au/meet-google-s-culture-czar-339275147.htm |archivedate=2010-10-31 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref> Google也面临前员工[[性别歧视]]和[[年龄歧视]]的指控。<ref>{{cite web |last=Kawamoto |first=Dawn |url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-hit-with-job-discrimination-lawsuit/2100-1030_3-5807158.html?tag=nl |title=Google hit with job discrimination lawsuit |publisher=CNET News |date=2005-07-27 |accessdate=2011-07-17 |archive-date=2019-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017004134/https://www.cnet.com/news/google-hit-with-job-discrimination-lawsuit/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071006/google_old_071006/20071006 |title=Google accused of ageism in reinstated lawsuit |newspaper=CTV News |publisher=CTV Television Network |date=2007-10-06 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011205140/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071006/google_old_071006/20071006 |archive-date=2007-10-11 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 首次公开募股之后，Google的股票形势良好，2007年10月31日，受益于在网络广告市场的强势盈利，<ref name="bowlingforgoogle">{{Cite news |last=La Monica |first=Paul R. |url=http://money.cnn.com/2005/05/25/technology/techinvestor/lamonica/index.htm |title=Bowling for Google |publisher=CNN |date=2005-05-25 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XXqofq?url=http://money.cnn.com/2005/05/25/technology/techinvestor/lamonica/index.htm |archive-date=2012-02-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>股价首次超过700美元。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/business/hancock/blog/2007/10/google_shares_hit_700.html |title=Google shares hit $700 |date=2007-10-31 |last=Hancock |first=Jay |publisher=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XVy0yM?url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/business/hancock/blog/2007/10/google_shares_hit_700.html |archive-date=2012-02-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>相比大型的机构投资基金和[[共同基金]]，Google股票的股价的变动更多地是由个人投资者们所影响。<ref name="bowlingforgoogle" />在2015年第四季起，Google的上市地位由母公司[[Alphabet Inc.]]取代（[[股票代号]]分别为{{nasdaq2|GOOG}}、{{nasdaq2|GOOGL}}）。 === 成长 === 1999年3月，Google公司将办公场所搬至加州的[[帕罗奥图 (加利福尼亚州)|帕罗奥多]]，这里是众多知名的[[硅谷]]初创公司所在的地方。<ref name="165univave">{{Cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1040-960790.html|title=A building blessed with tech success|last=Fried|first=Ian|date=2002-10-04|newspaper=CNET News|publisher=CNET|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbYCdvy?url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1040-960790.html|archive-date=2012-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>翌年，Google开始以出售搜索关键词的广告，<ref name="milestones" />但这一做法与佩奇和布林以广告赞助搜索的意愿相违背。<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stross|first=Randall|title=Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know|publisher=Free Press|location=New York|date=September 2008|pages=3–4|chapter=Introduction|isbn=978-1-4165-4691-7|url=//books.google.com/?id=xOk3EIUW9VgC&printsec=frontcover|chapterurl=//books.google.com/books?id=xOk3EIUW9VgC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>为了保持页面简洁的设计，提高搜索速度，广告只会以基于文本的形式出现。关键词的出售结合点击次数和价格的竞标，竞标起价为每次点击5[[1美分硬幣|美分]]。<ref name="milestones" />这种出售广告关键词的模式最早来源于Goto.com——一个由[[比尔·葛罗斯]]的{{Link-en|Idealab|Idealab}}企业孵化器派生的网站。<ref name="goto strong">{{Cite news |url=http://searchenginewatch.com/2166331 |title=GoTo Going Strong |last=Sullivan |first=Danny |date=1998-07-01 |newspaper=SearchEngineWatch.com |publisher=Incisive Interactive Marketing |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828003128/http://searchenginewatch.com/2166331 |archivedate=2009-08-28 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref><ref name="cnet p4p">{{Cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/Pay-for-placement-gets-another-shot/2100-1023_3-208309.html |title=Pay-for-placement gets another shot |last=Pelline |first=Jeff |date=1998-02-19 |newspaper=CNET News |publisher=CNET |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121208124417/http://news.cnet.com/Pay-for-placement-gets-another-shot/2100-1023_3-208309.html |archivedate=2012-12-08 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>之后Google受到了这家改名为Overture Services的公司对于次广告出售专利技术侵权的指控。2003年，Overture Services被雅虎收购，并被改名为[[雅虎搜索营销]]。最终，雅虎与Google在庭外达成和解：Google用[[普通股]]股份换取此专利的永久授权。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/Google,-Yahoo-bury-the-legal-hatchet/2100-1024_3-5302421.html|title=Google, Yahoo bury the legal hatchet|last=Olsen|first=Stephanie|date=2004-08-09|newspaper=CNET News|publisher=CNET|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615084241/http://news.cnet.com/Google,-Yahoo-bury-the-legal-hatchet/2100-1024_3-5302421.html|archive-date=2013-06-15|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2001年，Google获得了[[PageRank]]的专利权，<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/press/funfacts.html |title=Google Press Center: Fun Facts |publisher=www.google.com |accessdate=2009-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010715123343/https://www.google.com/press/funfacts.html |archive-date=2001-07-15 |dead-url=no }}</ref>这项专利被正式颁与斯坦福大学，劳伦斯·佩奇（即[[拉里·佩奇]]）为专利发明人。2003年，在发展了两处办公地点以后，公司又向[[硅谷图形公司]]租赁了位于[[山景城 (加利福尼亞州)|山景城]]目前所在的综合办公楼。<ref name="sgibldg">{{Cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/Googles-movin-on-up/2110-1032_3-1025111.html|title=Google's movin' on up|last=Olsen|first=Stephanie|date=2003-07-11|newspaper=CNET News|publisher=CNET|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbYuLmq?url=http://news.cnet.com/Googles-movin-on-up/2110-1032_3-1025111.html|archive-date=2012-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>这处办公地点被戏称为「[[Googleplex]]」，数学大数[[古戈尔普勒克斯]]（googolplex）单词的变体。三年后，Google以三亿一千九百万的价额向硅谷图形公司买下了这里的产权。<ref name="googleplexpurchase">{{Cite news|url=http://sanjose.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2006/06/19/newscolumn3.html|title=Google to buy headquarters building from Silicon Graphics|date=2006-06-16|newspaper=Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal|publisher=American City Business Journals|location=San Jose|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418071152/http://sanjose.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2006/06/19/newscolumn3.html|archive-date=2010-04-18|dead-url=no}}</ref>在这段时间内，google这个单词逐渐进入各类语言当中，也使得「google」作为动词被收入至[[梅里亚姆-韦伯斯特|梅里亚姆-韦伯斯特词典]]和[[牛津英语词典]]内，释义为“使用Google搜索引擎在互联网上获取信息”（''to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet''）。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/10/do-you-google.html|title=Do You "Google"?|last=Krantz|first=Michael|date=2006-10-25|publisher=Google, Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/10/do-you-google.html|archive-date=2012-05-30|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/ |title=To Google or Not to Google |last=Bylund |first=Anders |date=2006-07-05 |publisher=MSNBC |accessdate=2010-02-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707062623/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13720643/ |archivedate=2006-07-07 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> 2011年5月，Google的月独立访客数量首次超过十亿，与一年前同期的9亿3100万相比增长8.4%。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://itsalltech.com/2011/06/22/googles-new-record-1-billion-visitors-in-may/ |title=Google’s new record, 1 billion visitors in May<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2011-07-22 |archive-date=2013-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116035631/http://itsalltech.com/2011/06/22/googles-new-record-1-billion-visitors-in-may/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Google也是首个取得该数据里程碑的网站。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://article.pchome.net/content-1349083.html|title=Google月独立访问用户量突破10亿大关|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201840/http://article.pchome.net/content-1349083.html|archive-date=2013-10-29|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === 并购与合作 === {{main|Google公司收购列表}} [[File:Schmidt-Brin-Page-20080520.jpg|thumb|left|Google公司的“三驾马车”：[[埃里克·施密特|-{zh-hk:艾力·施密特; zh-cn:埃里克·施密特; zh-tw:艾立克·施密特;}-]]、[[拉里·佩奇]]和[[谢尔盖·布林]]]] 自2001年始，Google已收购了许多企业，其中尤以小型风投公司为主。2004年7月13日，Google收购照片整理与编辑软件[[Picasa]]，<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clickz.com/showPage.html?page=3380451|title=Google Acquires Picasa|publisher=Clickz|date=2007-07-13|author=Mara, Janis|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220083536/http://www.clickz.com/showPage.html?page=3380451|archivedate=2008-02-20|accessdate=2011-07-17}}</ref>同年10月又吞并了[[Google地球|Keyhole公司]]。<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Google Acquires Keyhole Corp |publisher=Google, Inc. |date=2004-10-27 |url=//www.google.com/press/pressrel/keyhole.html |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430163624/http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/keyhole.html |archive-date=2011-04-30 |dead-url=no }}</ref>这家初创公司开发出一个名为Earth Viewer的产品，供使用者以[[3D]]的视角观察地球。一年后，Google将此服务改名为[[Google地球]]。2005年，成立仅22个月的高科技企业[[Android]]被Google相中，被收购并成为Google麾下的移动设备操作系统。2006年10月，Google宣布以16.5亿美元的股票收购在线视频分享网站[[YouTube]]，并于11月敲定。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/10/09/technology/googleyoutube_deal/index.htm?cnn=yes|title=Google to buy YouTube for $1.65 billion|last=La Monica|first=Paul R.|date=2006-10-09|publisher=CNN Money|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbb1Pxm?url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/10/09/technology/googleyoutube_deal/index.htm?cnn=yes|archive-date=2012-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>2007年4月13日，Google与[[DoubleClick]]达成协议，DoubleClick以31亿美元的价格被Google收购，并成为后者旗下的一家网络出版与广告商。<ref name="DoubleClicknyt">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/technology/14DoubleClick.html?_r=1&ref=technology|title=Google Buys DoubleClick for $3.1 Billion|last=Story|first=Louise|last2=Helft|first2=Miguel|date=2007-04-17|newspaper=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|location=New York|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbbaZhW?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/technology/14DoubleClick.html?_r=2|archive-date=2012-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>同年，Google以5千万美元并购了GrandCentral，后来将其改造为[[Google Voice]]。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/07/all-aboard.html|title=All aboard|last=Chan|first=Wesley|date=2007-07-02|work=Official Google Blog|publisher=Google, Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XZEpXx?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/07/all-aboard.html|archive-date=2012-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref>2009年8月5日，Google以1亿650万美元买断视频软件制造公司[[On2 Technologies]]。<ref>{{cite web|url=//www.google.com/intl/en/press/pressrel/ir_20090805.html|title=Google to Acquire On2 Technologies|publisher=Google Press release|date=2009-08-05|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522221837/http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/pressrel/ir_20090805.html|archive-date=2012-05-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>2010年，Google将[[Aardvark (搜索引擎)]]纳入旗下，出价为5千万美元，并在内部博客中写道：“我们很期待将其整合进我们的产品中”。<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=2010-02-12 |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/google-acquires-aardvark.html |title=Google Acquires Aardvark |work=Official Google Blog |publisher=Google |quote=we're excited to announce that we've acquired Aardvark, a unique technology company. |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659Xab2Mq?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/google-acquires-aardvark.html |archive-date=2012-02-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>同年，Google又大举并购了{{Link-en|ITA Software|ITA Software}}、{{Link-en|Slide|Slide.com}}、[[Like.com]]等。<ref>{{cite web|url=//investor.google.com/releases/2010/0701.html|title=Google and ITA Software Sign Acquisition Agreement|date=2010-07-01|work=Google Investor Relations|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126040233/http://investor.google.com/releases/2010/0701.html|archive-date=2015-11-26|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tradingmarkets.com/news/stock-alert/goog_google-to-acquire-slide-1092038.html|title=Google to Acquire Slide|date=2010-08-05|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031032832/http://www.tradingmarkets.com/news/stock-alert/goog_google-to-acquire-slide-1092038.html|archive-date=2010-10-31|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://techcrunch.com/2010/08/15/google-to-acquire-like-com-after-leaving-them-at-the-altar-in-2005/|title=Google to Acquire Like.com|date=2010-08-15|accessdate=2010-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816104427/http://techcrunch.com/2010/08/15/google-to-acquire-like-com-after-leaving-them-at-the-altar-in-2005/|archive-date=2010-08-16|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9197187/Geek_chic_Google_launches_Boutiques.com|title=Geek chic: Google launches Boutiques.com|date=2010-11-18|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69UCo1Kut?url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9197187/Geek_chic_Google_launches_Boutiques.com|archive-date=2012-07-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>2011年，Google继续大笔的收购之路，业已将{{Link-en|SageTV|SageTV}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.engadget.com/2011/06/18/sage-tv-htpc-software-acquired-by-google-next-stop-google-tv |title=SageTV HTPC software acquired by Google, next stop Google TV? |publisher=Engadget |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122105821/https://www.engadget.com/2011/06/18/sage-tv-htpc-software-acquired-by-google-next-stop-google-tv/ |archive-date=2017-11-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>等十余家美国和[[欧洲]]的企业或团队招致麾下。2011年8月15日，Google官方宣布將以每股40美元現金，總額約125億美元收購[[摩托羅拉移動]]。<ref>{{cite web|title=Supercharging Android: Google to acquire Motorola|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/supercharging-android-google-to-acquire.html|publisher=Google Blog|accessdate=2011-08-15|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69UHjJzgs?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/supercharging-android-google-to-acquire.html|archive-date=2012-07-28|dead-url=no}}</ref> 除了收购的方式以外，Google也积极地与其他公司或组织进行合作，从科研到商业广告，都是开展合作所涉及的领域。2005年，Google与[[美国国家航空航天局]][[艾姆斯研究中心]]合作建设了用于囊括了大规模数据管理、纳米技术、分布式计算、航空航天产业等科研项目的场所，占地约93000平方米。<ref name="nasaames">{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/Can-Google-beat-the-new-office-curse/2100-1030_3-5884957.html|title=Can Google beat the new-office curse?|last=Mills|first=Elinor|date=2005-09-29|work=CNET News|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XcSiuQ?url=http://news.cnet.com/Can-Google-beat-the-new-office-curse/2100-1030_3-5884957.html|archive-date=2012-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2005年10月，Google与[[Sun Microsystems]]交换并分享了各自的技术。<ref name="googlesun">{{Cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-10-03-google-sun-team_x.htm|title=Google, Sun make 'big deal' together|last=Kessler|first=Michelle|last2=Acohido|first2=Byron|date=2005-10-03|newspaper=USA Today|publisher=Gannett Co. Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbgNqEU?url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-10-03-google-sun-team_x.htm|archive-date=2012-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref> Google也和[[AOL]]及[[时代华纳]]达成商业伙伴关系，以增强各自视频搜索服务的质量。<ref name="googleaol">{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/What-the-Google-AOL-deal-means-for-users/2100-1024_3-6010327.html|title=What the Google-AOL deal means for users|last=Mills|first=Elinor|date=2005-12-28|work=CNET News|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XdNYGF?url=http://news.cnet.com/What-the-Google-AOL-deal-means-for-users/2100-1024_3-6010327.html|archive-date=2012-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2005年，Google与[[微软]]、[[诺基亚]]、[[爱立信]]联手，为[[顶级域名]][[.mobi]]融资。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://finance.yahoo.com/news/DotMobi-Sells-Mobi-DomainName-paidcontent-2969792871.html?x=0&.v=1 |title=DotMobi Sells .Mobi Domain-Name Operator |last=Lunden |first=Ingrid |date=2010-02-12 |publisher=Yahoo! |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623143032/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/DotMobi-Sells-Mobi-DomainName-paidcontent-2969792871.html?x=0&.v=1 |archivedate=2011-06-23 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>而后Google启动了Adsense for Mobile，开拓移动广告市场。2006年，[[新闻集团]]旗下的[[福克斯互动媒体]]同Google达成一份9亿美元的协议，Google为[[社交网络服务|社交网站]][[MySpace]]提供搜索与广告业务。<ref name="googlemyspace">{{Cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_August_7/ai_n16610613/|title=Fox Interactive Media Enters into Landmark Agreement with Google Inc.; Multi-Year Pact Calls for Google to Provide Search and Advertising across Fox Interactive Media's Growing Online Network Including the MySpace Community|date=2006-08-07|work=B Net|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109065331/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_August_7/ai_n16610613/|archive-date=2016-01-09|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2007年，Google与34家手机制造商、芯片制造商、软件开发商和电信运营商一同创建了[[开放手机联盟]]，开发[[Android]]系统与[[苹果]][[iOS]]、[[微软]][[Windows Phone]]等移动平台竞争。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/oha_members.html|title=Open Handset Alliance members page|date=2007-11-05|accessdate=2007-11-05|publisher=Open Handset Alliance|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65rAjVYl6?url=http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/oha_members.html|archive-date=2012-03-02|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2013年9月11日Google將夥拍哈佛大學和麻省理工（MIT）組成的網上教育平台[[edX]]，發展網上教學課程，任何人都可將課程放入網路中。 === Alphabet === 在2015年8月10日，Google宣佈要組織重整為[[控股公司]]Alphabet，Google則會是Alphabet公司旗下最大的子公司。重整完成以後，[[桑德爾·皮蔡|-{zh:桑达·皮采; zh-cn:孙达尔·皮柴; zh-tw:桑德爾·皮查伊; zh-hant:桑達·皮采; zh-hans:桑达·皮采;}-]]會接任成為Google的執行長。 2015年10月，谷歌公司投資中國人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）公司——Mobvoi。 <ref name="mg21">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mg21.com/googl.html |title=全球科技龙头：Alphabet(原谷歌公司Google)(GOOGL) |publisher=美股之家 |date=2021-07-10 |access-date=2021-07-11 |archive-date=2021-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714002751/https://www.mg21.com/googl.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2017年6月9日，日本科技巨頭[[軟銀]]宣布，公司已經收購谷歌母公司Alphabet旗下的人形機器人公司[[波士頓動力]]（Boston Dynamics）以及谷歌旗下另一家日本人形機器人公司Schaft。<ref name="mg21"/> 2019年6月6日，谷歌以26億美元的價格收購數據分析平台Looker。 <ref name="mg21"/> 2019年11月，Alphabet宣布將以 21 億美元收購可穿戴公司[[Fitbit]]。 <ref name="mg21"/> 2020年4月，由于COVID-19 大流行，谷歌宣布了多项削减成本的措施。这些措施包括在 2020 年剩余时间内放缓招聘，少数战略领域除外，重新调整数据中心和机器以及非商业必要营销和旅行等领域的投资重点和步伐。 == 产品与服务 == {{main|Google产品列表}} === 广告 === [[File:Google add.JPG|thumb|left|200px|[[AdWords]]广告]] Google九成以上的营收来自其[[广告]]系统。<ref>Google Annual Report, Feb. 15, 2008</ref>如2006年财政年度，公司财报显示104.92亿美元的收入中只有1.12亿来自于非广告收入。<ref name="10-K">{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312507044494/d10k.htm|title=Form 10-K – Annual Report|publisher=SEC|work=EDGAR|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106152355/http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312507044494/d10k.htm|archive-date=2010-11-06|dead-url=no}}</ref>为了保持在网络广告代理市场中执牛耳的地位，Google不断实施各种新的手段。例如Google在收购[[DoubleClick]]后获取技术，得以获取用户兴趣和确定广告目标。<ref>{{Cite news |author=Nakashima, Ellen |title=Some Web Firms Say They Track Behavior Without Explicit Consent |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/11/AR2008081102270_pf.html |date=2008-08-12 |publisher=The Washington Post Company |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=2008-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112172756/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/11/AR2008081102270_pf.html |archive-date=2012-11-12 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Helft, Miguel |title=Google to Offer Ads Based on Interests |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/technology/internet/11google.html |work=The New York Times |date=2009-03-11 |accessdate=2009-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328214358/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/11/technology/internet/11google.html |archive-date=2017-03-28 |dead-url=no }}</ref>[[Google Analytics]]可以让网站站长们查看并追踪访问者在何时，以何种方式访问自己的网站，如检查某一页面上所有[[超連結|链接]]的点击等。<ref>{{Cite news |author=Bright, Peter |title=Surfing on the sly with IE8's new "InPrivate" Internet |url=http://arstechnica.com/microsoft/news/2008/08/surfing-on-the-sly-ie8s-inprivate-internet.ars |date=2008-08-27 |publisher=Ars Technica |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131225334/http://arstechnica.com/microsoft/news/2008/08/surfing-on-the-sly-ie8s-inprivate-internet.ars |archive-date=2009-01-31 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Google的广告系统由两个部分组成，通过第三方网站来放置。[[AdWords]]为广告客户提供在网络中展示广告的服务，按点击或显示收费；AdWords的姊妹项目[[AdSense]]，允许网站站长在自己的网页中提供广告展示的位置，并参与分成。 但Google也由于在网络广告系统中反[[点击欺诈]]管理的欠缺而受到诟病——当一个并不是出于对广告中产品感兴趣的访客或一个自动脚本故意点击该则广告后，会引起广告客户过多支付广告费用。2006年的行业报告指出，约有14%至20%的点击属于欺诈点击或无效点击。<ref>Mills, Elinor. "[http://news.cnet.com/Google-to-offer-advertisers-click-fraud-stats/2100-1024_3-6098469.html Google to offer advertisers click fraud stats] {{Wayback|url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-to-offer-advertisers-click-fraud-stats/2100-1024_3-6098469.html |date=20110510075216 }}." ''[http://www.cnet.com/ c net] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cnet.com/ |date=20190426092037 }}.'' July 25, 2006. Retrieved July 29, 2006.</ref>另一个对Google广告业务的批评来自于对广告客户的审查，有些被怀疑违反[[数字千年版权法]]。2003年2月，Google停止了对一个名为{{Link-en|Oceana非营利组织|Oceana (non-profit group)|Oceana}}的非营利组织的（抗议大型油轮不合理的污水处理）广告展示。Google引用其编辑政策解释：“Google不接受广告或网站内容为宣扬反对其他个人、团体或组织的广告。”<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2004/05/17/google-somewhat-lifts-oceana-ad-ban |title=Google Somewhat Lifts Oceana Ad Ban |date= |publisher=webpronews.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130095413/http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2004/05/17/google-somewhat-lifts-oceana-ad-ban |archivedate=2009-01-30 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>该政策却在随后即被更改。 2008年6月，在[[美国司法部]]鉴于[[反垄断法]]的促使之下，Google与[[雅虎]]两大巨头达成广告协议，雅虎在自己的网站页面上显示Google广告。但最终Google又在2008年11月撤出该协议。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloggingstocks.com/2008/10/31/yahoo-and-google-may-dump-their-deal/print/ |title=Yahoo and Google may dump their deal |last=Mclntyre |first=Douglas |publisher=Bloggingstocks.com |date=2008-10-31 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213080330/http://www.bloggingstocks.com/2008/10/31/yahoo-and-google-may-dump-their-deal/print/ |archive-date=2010-02-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/ending-our-agreement-with-yahoo.html|title=Ending our agreement with Yahoo!|last=Drummond|first=David|date=2008-11-05|work=The Official Google Blog. Googleblog.blogspot.com|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202063609/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/ending-our-agreement-with-yahoo.html|archive-date=2010-12-02|dead-url=no}}</ref> 为了推销自己的产品，Google启动了一个名为[https://web.archive.org/web/20101116175709/http://demoslam.com/ Demo Slam]的网站以展示自有产品的{{Link-en|技术示范|Tech demo}}。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demoslam.com/#/what |title=Google Demo Slam |publisher=Google, Inc. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116175709/http://demoslam.com/#/what |archivedate=2010-11-16 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>每一周都会有两个团队竞相把Google的新产品公布到网站上。《搜索引擎杂志》撰文写道：Demo Slam是“创作者和技术娴熟的人们制作视频来使世界上其他人类了解最新最伟大技术的地方”。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.searchenginejournal.com/google-launches-demo-slam/25138/|title=Google Launches Demo Slam!|publisher=searchenginejournal|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122092852/https://www.searchenginejournal.com/google-launches-demo-slam/25138/|archive-date=2016-01-22|dead-url=no}}</ref> === 搜索引擎 === {{main|Google搜索}} [[File:Google_Homepage.svg|thumb|right|200px|2015年Google的新主页<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/google-design-turned-up-notch.html |title=The Google Design, turned up a notch |last=Wiley |first=Jon |work=Official Google Blog |date=2010-05-06 |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408021722/https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/google-design-turned-up-notch.html |archive-date=2019-04-08 |dead-url=no }}</ref>]] Google搜索是Google公司重要也是最普及的一项功能，是多个国家内使用率最高的互联网搜索引擎。根据{{Link-en|comScore|comScore}}2009年11月公布的市场统计，Google在美国搜索引擎市场上占有率为65.6%。<ref name="comscore">{{Cite news|date=2006-12-16|title=comScore Releases November 2009 U.S. Search Engine Rankings|publisher=|url=http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2009/12/comScore_Releases_November_2009_U.S._Search_Engine_Rankings|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225142724/http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2009/12/comScore_Releases_November_2009_U.S._Search_Engine_Rankings|archive-date=2010-02-25|dead-url=no}}</ref> Google抓取数十亿的[[互联网]]网页，因此用户能通过搜索关键词等操作较为轻松地获取想要搜寻的信息。<ref>{{cite web |author=Michael Arrington |url=http://techcrunch.com/2008/07/25/googles-misleading-blog-post-on-the-size-of-the-web/ |title=Google's Misleading Blog Post: The Size Of The Web And The Size Of Their Index Are Very Different |publisher=Techcrunch.com |date=2008-07-25 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214211007/https://techcrunch.com/2008/07/25/googles-misleading-blog-post-on-the-size-of-the-web/ |archive-date=2019-02-14 |dead-url=no }}</ref>除了最基本的文字搜索功能之外，Google搜索还提供至少22种特殊功能，<ref name="fea">{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/intl/en/help/features.html |title=Search Features |publisher=Google.com |date=May 2009 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203102608/http://www.google.com/intl/en/help/features.html |archive-date=2015-02-03 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="csheet">{{cite web|title=Google Help : Cheat Sheet|url=//www.google.com/help/cheatsheet.html|publisher=Google|year=2010|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211022413/http://www.google.com/help/cheatsheet.html|archive-date=2010-02-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>如[[同义词]]、[[天气预报]]、[[时区]]、[[股价]]、[[地图]]、[[地震]]数据、电影放映时间、[[机场]]、体育赛事比分等。Google搜索在搜索与数字相关的信息时又会有另一些特殊功能：如单位换算、货币换算、数字运算、包裹追踪、地区代码。<ref name=fea/>同时，Google也为搜索页面提供语言[[翻译]]功能。2011年，Google先后推出语音搜索和图片搜索。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qualitypoint.blogspot.com/2011/06/voice-search-for-googlecom.html|title=Voice Search for Google.com - Just click the mic and say your search. And, Search Google by giving Image -QualityPoint Technologies|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625104716/http://qualitypoint.blogspot.com/2011/06/voice-search-for-googlecom.html|archive-date=2011-06-25|dead-url=no}}</ref> 尽管Google搜索很受大众喜爱，但也有组织对它发出批评的声音。2003年，[[纽约时报]]声称Google对其网站抓取与形成的[[缓存]]侵害了网站内容的版权。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1038_3-1024234.html |title=Google cache raises copyright concerns |last1=Olsen |first1=Stefanie |date=2003-07-09 |work=CNET News |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510075319/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1038_3-1024234.html |archive-date=2011-05-10 |dead-url=no }}</ref>在这个问题上，[[内华达]][[地方法院]]审理了相关的{{Link-en|Field v. Google|Field v. Google}}和Parker v. Google两个案件，Google成功地为自己作了[[辩护]]，推翻了指控。<ref>{{Cite court |litigants=Field v. Google |opinion=CV-S-04-0413-RCJ-LRL |court=Nevada District Court |date=2006-01-19 |url=https://fairuse.stanford.edu/primary_materials/cases/fieldgoogle.pdf |language=en |access-date=2024-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite court |litigants=Parker v. Google |opinion=04-CV-3918 |court=Eastern Pennsylvania District Court |date=2006-03-10 |url=http://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/06D0306P.pdf}}</ref> === 工作工具 === 除了强大的搜索引擎以外，Google也研发了许多在线的工作辅助工具。[[Gmail]]是Google开发的一个免费[[电子邮箱]]服务，于2004年4月1日进入[[软件版本周期|Beta阶段]]，<ref name="GmailCashmore">{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/04/01/cashmore.gmail/ |title=Six ways Gmail revolutionized e-mail |first=Pete |last=Cashmore |date=2010-04-01 |publisher=CNN News |location=London, England |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005060339/http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/04/01/cashmore.gmail/ |archive-date=2018-10-05 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2007年2月7日正式面向大众开放。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/02/anyone-can-signup-for-gmail-account.html |title=More People Can Sign up for a Gmail Account |last=Chitu |first=Ionut Alex. |date=2007-02-07 |publisher=Google Operating System Blog |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408000543/http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/02/anyone-can-signup-for-gmail-account.html |archive-date=2019-04-08 |dead-url=no }}</ref>直到2009年7月7日，Gmail才结束其漫长的Beta阶段，<ref name="appsoutofbeta">{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html |title=Google Apps is out of beta (yes, really) |first=Matthew |last=Glotzbach |date=2009-07-07 |work=Official Google Blog |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121002635/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html |archive-date=2011-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref>当时已有1.64亿用户使用。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geek.com/articles/news/facebook-strikes-back-at-google-integrates-its-chat-with-aol-instant-messenger-20100211/ |title=Facebook strikes back at Google, integrates its chat with AOL Instant Messenger |first=Christian |last=Zibreg |date=2010-02-11 |work=Geek.com |publisher=Geek.com, LLC |at=para. 5 |quote=While Gmail’s 146 million monthly users are no match for Facebook’s 400+ million-strong user base, not all of them use built-in chat. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116193604/http://www.geek.com/articles/news/facebook-strikes-back-at-google-integrates-its-chat-with-aol-instant-messenger-20100211/ |archive-date=2013-01-16 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Gmail是首个拥有1[[吉字节|GB]]存储空间的网络电子邮箱，也是第一个以单线程会话保存邮件的电邮，这与网络论坛相似。<ref name="GmailCashmore" />目前，Gmail提供给每个免费用户15GB的邮箱容量，付费用户可缴纳每年每GB 0.25美元的费用来将容量提升至20GB至16[[太字节|TB]]。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/11/twice-storage-for-quarter-of-price.html |title=Twice the storage for a quarter of the price |last=Lee |first=Elvin |date=2009-11-10 |work=Official Google Blog |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327195352/https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/11/twice-storage-for-quarter-of-price.html |archive-date=2019-03-27 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Gmail也是[[AJAX]]技术开拓的先行者，该技术使人们不用手动刷新浏览器显示就能看到新的网页信息。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/happy-sixth-birthday-google-mail--680998 |title=Happy sixth birthday, Google Mail! |first=Gary |last=Marshall |date=2010-04-01 |work=TechRadar |publisher=Future Publishing Ltd. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327195359/https://www.techradar.com/news/internet/happy-sixth-birthday-google-mail--680998 |archive-date=2019-03-27 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Google工作套件的另一部分——[[Google文件]]，与[[微软]]的[[Microsoft Word]]不同，它允许用户在在线环境下新建、编辑或协同编辑文件。这项服务原名为Writely，但在2006年3月9日被Google收购。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/03/writely-so.html |title=Writely so |last=Mazzon |first=Jen |date=2006-03-09 |work=Official Google Blog |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407214222/https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/03/writely-so.html |archive-date=2019-04-07 |dead-url=no }}</ref>6月6日，Google创建了一个实验性的电子表格编辑项目，<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Google Announces limited test on Google Labs: Google Spreadsheets |publisher=Google, Inc. |date=2006-06-06 |url=//www.google.com/intl/en/press/annc/spreadsheets.html |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627082846/http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/annc/spreadsheets.html |archive-date=2012-06-27 |dead-url=no }}</ref>在随后的10月10日被整合进Google文件中。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://techcrunch.com/2006/10/10/google-docs-spreadsheets-launches/ |title=Google "Docs & Spreadsheets" Launches |last=Arrington |first=Michael |date=2006-10-10 |publisher=TechCrunch |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928004805/https://techcrunch.com/2006/10/10/google-docs-spreadsheets-launches/ |archive-date=2018-09-28 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2007年9月17日，编辑演示文稿的功能也被加入Google文件。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13515_3-9780287-26.html |title=Google Presentations gets the green light |last=Hoffman |first=Harrison |date=2007-09-17 |work=CNET News |publisher=CBS Interactive, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129082441/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13515_3-9780287-26.html |archive-date=2014-01-29 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2009年7月7日，包括三项功能在内的Google文件与Gmail、[[Google日历]]一起组成[[Google Apps]]工作套件。<ref name="appsoutofbeta" /> === 企业产品 === [[File:Google Search Appliance.jpg|thumb|left|200px|2008年{{Link-en|RSA大会|RSA Conference}}上陈列的Google Search Appliance]] 2002年2月，Google向企业市场推出一款名为[[Google Search Appliance]]的设备，针对大型组织机构提供搜索技术。<ref name="milestones"/>三年后Google又推出Google Mini以适应中小型企业。2006年，又推出子自定义搜索商务版，2008年改名为[[Google协作平台]]。<ref name="csbe2gss">{{cite web |url=http://searchengineland.com/google-rebrands-custom-search-business-edition-as-google-site-search-14123 |title=Google Rebrands Custom Search "Business Edition" As "Google Site Search" |last1=Sterling |first1=Greg |date=2008-06-03 |work=Search Engine Land |publisher=Third Door Media |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100813062358/http://searchengineland.com/google-rebrands-custom-search-business-edition-as-google-site-search-14123 |archive-date=2010-08-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 另一个Google的企业产品是[[Google Apps]]专业版。Google Apps专业版和标准版及教育版同为Google Apps的不同版本，为企业、学校和其他组织提供自身域名下的Gmail、Google文件等在线应用服务。与标准版相比，专业版有着更多的功能，例如更多的磁盘空间、[[API]]准入和高级支持，每个账户收费为每年50美元。Google较早在[[加拿大]][[安大略省]][[桑德贝]]的[[湖首大学]]推广Google Apps业务，有超过3万8千名用户。在推出Google Apps的同年，Google收购了[[Postini]]公司，<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/09/weve-officially-acquired-postini.html |title=We've Officially Acquired Postini |last1=Girouard |first1=Dave |date=2007-09-13 |work=The Official Google Blog |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220094833/https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/09/weve-officially-acquired-postini.html |archive-date=2019-02-20 |dead-url=no }}</ref>得以将其原有的安全技术以Google Postini Services之名整合进Google Apps中。<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Google Adds Postini's Security and Compliance Capabilities to Google Apps |publisher=Google, Inc. |date=2007-10-03 |url=//www.google.com/intl/en/press/pressrel/apps_postini_20071003.html |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522221840/http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/pressrel/apps_postini_20071003.html |archive-date=2012-05-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/a/help/intl/en/security/index.html |title=Postini |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408181244/http://www.google.com/a/help/intl/en/security/index.html |archive-date=2019-04-08 |dead-url=no }}</ref> === 社交网络服务 === {{main|Google+|Blogger|YouTube}} Google曾多次试图进入[[社交網路服務|SNS]]领域但多次碰壁，失败的例子不乏[[Google Wave]]、[[Google Buzz]]，<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnbeta.com/articles/118557.htm |title=Google Wave失败原因与教训 |date=2010-08-06 |publisher=cnBeta.com |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902110002/http://www.cnbeta.com/articles/118557.htm |archive-date=2011-09-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>而[[Orkut]]只在[[印度]]和[[巴西]]获得了较大市场。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://techcrunch.com/2009/06/07/a-map-of-social-network-dominance/ |title=A Map Of Social (Network) Dominance |date=2009-06-07 |publisher=Vincenzo Cosenza |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205111208/https://techcrunch.com/2009/06/07/a-map-of-social-network-dominance/ |archive-date=2018-02-05 |dead-url=no }}</ref>在经历多次挫折之后，2011年，Google发布新的社交网站[[Google+]]。<ref>Parr, Ben. [http://www.mashable.com/2011/06/28/google-plus "Google Launches Google+ To Battle Facebook [PICS]"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mashable.com/2011/06/28/google-plus |date=20110717175135 }}, ''Mashable.com'', June 28, 2011, accessed June 28, 2011</ref>这个新型的社交网站有着社交“圈子”、多人视频聊天、“灵感话题”等多种新型的特色，<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tech.163.com/mobile/11/0630/06/77PCJ6M90011309K.html |title=五大特色谷歌正式推出Google+社交服务 |date=2011-06-30 |publisher=网易手机频道 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705000555/http://tech.163.com/mobile/11/0630/06/77PCJ6M90011309K.html |archive-date=2011-07-05 |dead-url=no }}</ref>在测试阶段用户数量便突飞猛进，仅2个星期就超越了1000万。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tech.163.com/11/0715/07/7902S0GJ000915BF.html |title=谷歌宣布Google+用户数已超1000万 |date=2011-07-15 |publisher=网易科技 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718223427/http://tech.163.com/11/0715/07/7902S0GJ000915BF.html |archive-date=2011-07-18 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://money.cnn.com/2011/07/14/technology/google_q2_earnings/index.htm|title= Google+ grows to 10 million users|date= 2011-07-14|access-date= 2019-04-29|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190109164726/https://money.cnn.com/2011/07/14/technology/google_q2_earnings/index.htm|archive-date= 2019-01-09|dead-url= no}}</ref>相比较之下，[[Twitter]]和[[Facebook]]过去分别用了780天和852天才达到这个数字。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/07/22/graph-how-long-it-took-facebook-twitter-and-google-to-reach-10-million-users/ |title=Graph: How long it took Facebook, Twitter and Google+ to reach 10 million users |date=2011-07-22 |publisher=TechCrunch |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729065916/https://techcrunch.com/2011/07/22/graph-how-long-it-took-facebook-twitter-and-google-to-reach-10-million-users/ |archive-date=2016-07-29 |dead-url=no }}</ref>推出以来的第三周，Google+的用户数量旋即又翻至2000万。<ref>[http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-20081650-93/google-hits-20-million-mark-in-three-weeks/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20 Google+ hits 20 million mark in three weeks] {{Wayback|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-20081650-93/google-hits-20-million-mark-in-three-weeks/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20 |date=20191017004130 }} cnet 21 July 2011</ref>但即便如此，Google仍宣布2019年4月2日他們將會關閉消費者（個人用戶）版本的Google+，代表Google再次於進入SNS領域中嚐到挫敗。<ref name="wall street journal">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-exposed-user-data-feared-repercussions-of-disclosing-to-public-1539017194|title=Google Exposed User Data, Feared Repercussions of Disclosing to Public|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=2018-10-08|first1=Douglas|last1=MacMillan|first2=Robert|last2=McMillan|accessdate=2018-10-08|subscription=yes|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008170012/https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-exposed-user-data-feared-repercussions-of-disclosing-to-public-1539017194|archive-date=2018-10-08|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2003年，Google收购了[[Pyra Labs]]创建的[[博客]]服务网站[[Blogger]]。收购完成后，Google依旧保留了Blogger这一独立的品牌，并在blogspot.com主机下为用户提供免费博客发布与存放服务。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://buzz.blogger.com/2010/01/important-note-to-ftp-users.html|title=Blogger Buzz: Important Note to FTP Users|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Ezxh9mPc?url=http://buzz.blogger.com/2010/01/important-note-to-ftp-users.html|archive-date=2013-03-09|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 2007年5月，Blogger的数据全部搬至Google的服务器中，并在当年的独立访客流量50强域名中排在第16位。<ref>[http://blog.compete.com/2007/10/30/top-50-websites-domains-digg-youtube-flickr-facebook/ "Top 50 Domains - www.TheLifeMovie.blogspot.com Ranked by Unique Visitors"”] {{Wayback|url=http://blog.compete.com/2007/10/30/top-50-websites-domains-digg-youtube-flickr-facebook/ |date=20080625012552 }} September, 2007.</ref>在Google较为成功的运营下，Blogger一直保持着全球最大的博客网站的头衔。<ref>[http://w010w.com.cn/htm/chuizhiwangzhanlianmeng/wangzhanpinpaijingying/2011/0420/21135.html 全球最大博客网站迎来10岁生日] {{Wayback|url=http://w010w.com.cn/htm/chuizhiwangzhanlianmeng/wangzhanpinpaijingying/2011/0420/21135.html |date=20110901194346 }}，[https://archive.today/http://w010w.com.cn/htm/chuizhiwangzhanlianmeng/wangzhanpinpaijingying/2011/0420/21135.html 2012-07-15 archive] {{Wayback|url=https://archive.today/http://w010w.com.cn/htm/chuizhiwangzhanlianmeng/wangzhanpinpaijingying/2011/0420/21135.html |date=20190216063806 }}、[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://w010w.com.cn/htm/chuizhiwangzhanlianmeng/wangzhanpinpaijingying/2011/0420/21135.html 2011-09-01 archive]</ref> 2011年7月，有传闻透露，作为重命名或取消非Google品牌计划的一部分，Google公司有意将「Blogger」名称改成「Google Blogger」。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2011/07/05/google-blogger-picasa-rebranding/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Google To Retire Blogger & Picasa Brands in Google+ Push|author=Ben Parr|date=2011-07-05|work=Mashable|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225002821/https://mashable.com/2011/07/05/google-blogger-picasa-rebranding/|archive-date=2019-02-25|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2005年2月，三位前[[PayPal]]员工创建了[[视频分享网站]][[YouTube]]。<ref>{{Cite news| title=Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder| author=Hopkins, Jim| publisher=''USA Today''| url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm| accessdate=2008-11-29| date=2006-10-11| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118141006/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm| archive-date=2008-11-18| dead-url=no}}</ref>在显露出自身价值后，YouTube被Google以16.5亿美元收购，成为后者旗下的子公司。YouTube公司地址位于加州的[[圣布鲁]]，以[[Flash Video]]和[[HTML5]]技术记录播放用户上传的电影、电视剧剪辑和音乐视频，以及用户原创制作的业余视频作品。大部分发布在YouTube网站上的视频都是由个人所上传的，但也有[[哥伦比亚广播公司]]、[[英国广播公司]]、[[VEVO]]、[[Hulu]]等作为合作伙伴的媒体企业在YouTube网站上发布视频。<ref>{{Cite news| title=BBC strikes Google-YouTube deal| author=Weber, Tim| publisher=BBC| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6411017.stm| date=2007-03-02| access-date=2019-04-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309201939/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6411017.stm| archive-date=2012-03-09| dead-url=no}}</ref> YouTube的模式取得巨大的成功，目前仍是世界上最大和最热门的视频分享网站。<ref>[http://adwords.google.com/support/aw/bin/answer.py?hl=zh-Hans&answer=172554 YouTube是全球最大的视频分享社区] {{Wayback|url=http://adwords.google.com/support/aw/bin/answer.py?hl=zh-Hans&answer=172554 |date=20110813092648 }}，[https://archive.today/http://adwords.google.com/support/aw/bin/answer.py?hl=zh-Hans&answer=172554 2012-07-20 archive] {{Wayback|url=https://archive.today/http://adwords.google.com/support/aw/bin/answer.py?hl=zh-Hans&answer=172554 |date=20190216063806 }}、[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://adwords.google.com/support/aw/bin/answer.py?hl=zh-Hans&answer=172554 2011-08-13 archive]</ref> 根据[https://www.onesight.com/colleges/details/YouTube%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE/ 2020年的营销统计] {{Wayback|url=https://www.onesight.com/colleges/details/YouTube%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE/ |date=20210714010221 }}结果显示，每月有19亿登录用户访问YouTube，全球每天会观看十亿小时的视频。 YouTube使用80种不同的语言，并且在91个不同的国家/地区拥有本地版本。虽然是美国公司， 但来自美国的访问量只占总访问量的15.8%， YouTube是全球现存第二大访问量的网站。 === 浏览器 === [[Google Chrome]]是Google以[[WebKit]][[排版引擎]]开发的一款开源的网页浏览器，从Chrome 28开始使用[[Blink]]引擎。2008年，Google公司发布了该浏览器大部分的[[源代码]]，包括[[V8 (JavaScript引擎)|V8 JavaScript引擎]]的开源项目[[Chromium (浏览器)|Chromium]]。<ref>{{cite web |url= http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/09/google-unveils-chrome-source-code-and-linux-port.ars |title= Google unveils Chrome source code and Linux port |author= Ryan Paul |publisher= Ars Technica |date= 2008-09-02 |access-date= 2019-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110912042657/http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/09/google-unveils-chrome-source-code-and-linux-port.ars |archive-date= 2011-09-12 |dead-url= no }}</ref><ref>"Google Chrome is built with open source code from Chromium." Retrieved from [http://dev.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/getting-started Chromium.org] {{Wayback|url=http://dev.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/getting-started |date=20080913034656 }}，[https://archive.today/http://dev.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/getting-started 2008-09-13 archive] {{Wayback|url=https://archive.today/http://dev.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/getting-started |date=20190216063806 }}、[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://dev.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/getting-started 2008-09-06 archive]</ref>这一举动使得第三方的开发者们能够获取底层源代码，促使浏览器与[[macOS]]或[[Linux]]操作系统的端口对接。Google官方同时也表达了希望其他浏览器能够采用V8引擎以提升web应用程序的性能。<ref>''"During a press briefing today, Google expressed hope that other browsers..."'', Retrieved from: [http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/09/google-unveils-chrome-source-code-and-linux-port.ars Google unveils Chrome source code and Linux port] {{Wayback|url=http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/09/google-unveils-chrome-source-code-and-linux-port.ars |date=20110912042657 }}, Ars Technica</ref> Google在Chromium的创作上按照[[BSD许可证]]条款，<ref>{{cite web|title=Home (Chromium Developer Documentation)|url=http://dev.chromium.org/Home|publisher=dev.chromium.org|year=2009|work=Chromium Developer Documentation|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414053616/https://dev.chromium.org/Home|archive-date=2019-04-14|dead-url=no}}</ref>使得这部分内容几乎属于公有领域，有着很高的相容性。<ref>''"Google has made the Chrome source available under a permissive BSD license so that..."'', Retrieved from: [http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/09/google-unveils-chrome-source-code-and-linux-port.ars Google unveils Chrome source code and Linux port] {{Wayback|url=http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/09/google-unveils-chrome-source-code-and-linux-port.ars |date=20110912042657 }}, Ars Technica</ref>而其他部分的内容则遵循一系列的开源许可证。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |title=Chromium Terms and Conditions |date=2008-09-02 |work=Google Code |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904201317/http://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |archivedate=2008-09-04 |access-date=2019-04-29 }}，、[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html 2008-09-04 archive]</ref> Chromium的特性与Chrome基本相似，但没有内置的自动更新功能。另外，Chromium也没有Google商标的印记，与Chrome四色的Logo最明显的区别是其蓝色的标识。<ref name="GoogleComparison">{{Cite web|url = http://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/ChromiumBrowserVsGoogleChrome|title = ChromiumBrowserVsGoogleChrome|last = Chromium Project|authorlink = |date = March 2011|access-date = 2019-04-29|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160125034438/https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/ChromiumBrowserVsGoogleChrome|archive-date = 2016-01-25|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://weblog.infoworld.com/fatalexception/archives/2008/09/building_google.html |title=Building Google Chrome: A first look |last=McAllister |first=Neil |date=2008-09-11 |work=Fatal Exception |publisher=InfoWorld |quote=As the name suggests, Chromium is a rawer, less polished version of Chrome. The UI is mostly identical, with only a few very minor visual differences...The most readily evident difference is the logo, which sheds the Google colors in favor of a subdued blue design |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913214424/http://weblog.infoworld.com/fatalexception/archives/2008/09/building_google.html |archivedate=2008-09-13 |accessdate=2011-07-28 }}</ref> 2008年9月2日，Google推出在[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]上Beta版的[[Google Chrome]]，稳定版本则在12月11日推出。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html |title=A fresh take on the browser |last1=Pichai |first1=Sundar |date=2008-09-01 |work=Official Google Blog |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IvpKpgcI?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html |archive-date=2013-08-17 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2011年，根据[[StatCounter]]的统计，Chrome以20.65%的[[网页浏览器的使用分布|浏览器市场份额]]排在[[Internet Explorer|IE]]和[[Mozilla Firefox|火狐]]之后跃至第三位。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gs.statcounter.com/ |title=Top 5 Browsers from Jun 10 to Jun 11 |publisher=StatCounter |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526/http://gs.statcounter.com/%23mobile_browser-ww-monthly-201012-201111-bar |archive-date=2012-05-26 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>参见：[[网页浏览器的使用分布]]</ref>2011年7月11日，Chrome在英国的市场份额达到22.12%，而[[Firefox]]仅占21.65%，这是Chrome首次在地区的统计中超越[[Firefox]]。<ref>{{zh-cn}}{{cite web|title=Chrome超越Firefox成为英国第二流行的浏览器|url=http://www.guao.hk/posts/google-chrome-overtakes-firefox-to-become-britains-second-most-popular-browser.html|date=2011-08-02|accessdate=2011-12-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801025826/http://www.guao.hk/posts/google-chrome-overtakes-firefox-to-become-britains-second-most-popular-browser.html|archive-date=2012-08-01|dead-url=no}}</ref>2012年5月21日，Chrome在全球范围内占有率达到33%，超越IE位居首位，<ref name="statcounter">{{en}}[http://gs.statcounter.com/#browser-ww-weekly-201120-201220 Top 5 Browsers] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120526/http://gs.statcounter.com/%23mobile_browser-ww-monthly-201012-201111-bar#browser-ww-weekly-201120-201220 |date=2012-05-26 }}, From Week 20 2011 to Week 20 2012.</ref>直到2018年7月，Chrome在全球範圍内占有率已達到66%。 === 操作系统 === {{Main|Android|ChromeOS|Android XR}} [[File:Android robot.svg|thumb|right|180px|[[Android]]的[[商标]]为一个绿色的机器小人的造型]] 2007年，Google正计划开发自己的移动设备与[[苹果公司|苹果]]的[[iPhone]]竞争的报道逐渐浮出水面。<ref name="smith">{{Cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/dec/17/news.mobilephones |title=The future for Orange could soon be Google in your pocket |last1=Smith |first1=David |date=2006-12-17 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Ltd. |location=London |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524181141/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/dec/17/news.mobilephones |archive-date=2013-05-24 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="orlowski">{{cite web |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/03/16/google_phone_confirmed/ |title=Google Phone – it's for real |last1=Orlowski |first1=Andrew |date=2007-03-16 |work=The Register |publisher=The Register |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402105212/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/03/16/google_phone_confirmed/ |archive-date=2019-04-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="ricker">{{cite web |url=http://www.engadget.com/2007/01/18/the-google-switch-an-iphone-killer/ |title=The Google Switch: an iPhone killer |last1=Ricker |first1=Thomas |date=2007-01-18 |work=Engadget |publisher=Weblogs, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402111459/https://www.engadget.com/2007/01/18/the-google-switch-an-iphone-killer/ |archive-date=2019-04-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>后来证实该项目名为[[Android]]，并非手机的名称，而是一款移动设备的[[操作系统]]。Android于2005年被Google收购，并发展为[[Apache许可证]]下的[[开源]]项目，<ref>{{cite web |url=http://source.android.com/source/licenses.html |title=Licenses |work=Android Open Source Project |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dp9G0gKR?url=http://source.android.com/source/licenses.html |archive-date=2013-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref>同时Google为开发者们提供了[[软件开发工具包]]以便开发出在Android手机上运行的应用，并拉拢了世界上多家手机制造商、电信运营商、软件开发商等，组建了[[开放手机联盟]]以共同开发Android系统。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/oha_members.html |title=Members of Open Handset Alliance |publisher=Open Handset Alliance |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65rAjVYl6?url=http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/oha_members.html |archive-date=2012-03-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2008年9月，[[T-Mobile]]发布第一款运行Android系统的手机[[T-Mobile G1|G1]]（HTC dream的T-Mobile定制版）。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/t-mobile-g1-details-price-and-launch-date-revealed/ |title=T-Mobile G1 details, price, and launch date revealed |last=Lee |first=Nicole |date=2008-09-23 |work=CNET News |publisher=CBS Interactive, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129085718/http://news.cnet.com/t-mobile-g1-details-price-and-launch-date-revealed/ |archive-date=2014-01-29 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2010年1月5日，Google公司发布自有的一款手机，名为[[Nexus One]]。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://techcrunch.com/2010/01/05/nexus-one-event/ |title=The Droid You're Looking For: Live from the Nexus One Event |last=Siegler |first=MG |date=2010-01-05 |publisher=TechCrunch |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214211312/https://techcrunch.com/2010/01/05/nexus-one-event/ |archive-date=2019-02-14 |dead-url=no }}</ref>在2010年第四季度的{{Link-en|Canalys|Canalys}}分析报告中，Android被列为全世界最畅销的[[智能手机]]操作系统。<ref name="canalysQ42010">{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/01/31/oukin-uk-google-nokia-idUKTRE70U1YT20110131|title=Google topples Symbian from smartphones top spot|author=Tarmo Virki and Sinead Carew|work=Reuters|date=2011-01-31|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504123032/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/01/31/oukin-uk-google-nokia-idUKTRE70U1YT20110131|archive-date=2015-05-04|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canalys.com/pr/2011/r2011013.html |title=Google's Android becomes the world's leading smart phone platform (Canalys research release: r2011013) |work=Canalys |date=2011-01-31 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719121213/http://www.canalys.com/pr/2011/r2011013.html |archive-date=2011-07-19 |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[File:Android.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[Android]]是市占率最高的[[移动操作系统]]]] Android有着数目庞大的[[应用程序]]，得以大大扩充其系统功能。目前，能在Android上运行的应用软件超过了75万种，<ref name="i/o 2011 stats">{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-momentum-mobile-and-more-at.html |title=Android: momentum, mobile and more at Google I/O |first=Hugo |last=Barra |work=The Official Google Blog |date=2011-05-10 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130052353/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-momentum-mobile-and-more-at.html |archive-date=2012-01-30 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androlib.com/appstats.aspx |title=Android Stats |date=2011-03-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102122636/http://www.androlib.com/appstats.aspx |archivedate=2011-01-02 |accessdate=2011-07-26 }}</ref>并仍处于高速增加的过程中。[[Google Play]]是Google运营的电子应用软件商店，但用户也可以从第三方下载与安装软件。开发者们主要用[[Java]]语言编写软件，并通过Google开发的Java库来使应用软件适配系统。<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com/8301-13580_3-9815495-39.html |title=Google's Android parts ways with Java industry group |work=CNET News |first=Stephen |last=Shankland |date=2007-11-12 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513073050/http://www.news.com/8301-13580_3-9815495-39.html |archive-date=2008-05-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2009年7月7日，Google宣布正在开发基于[[Linux]]的操作系统[[ChromeOS]]，<ref name="Google 11-09">{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/11/releasing-chromium-os-open-source.html|title=Releasing the Chromium OS open source project|last=Sengupta|first=Caesar|date=2009-11-19|work=Official Google Blog|publisher=Google, Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67K8z8egJ?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/11/releasing-chromium-os-open-source.html|archive-date=2012-05-01|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="PC World">{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/168028/google_announces_chrome_os.html|title=Google Announces Chrome OS|last=Mediati|first=Nick|publisher=PC World|date=2009-07-07|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817115250/http://www.pcworld.com/article/168028/google_announces_chrome_os.html|archive-date=2012-08-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>该操作系统运行于只含有网页浏览器的[[上网本]]上。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html |title=Introducing the Google Chrome OS |last1=Pichai |first1=Sundar |date=2009-07-07 |work=Official Google Blog |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66eeFqwDL?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html |archive-date=2012-04-03 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Google sees window of opportunity to launch operating system |first1=Pham |last1=Alex |last2=Hirsch |first2=Jerry |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=2009-07-09 |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/09/business/fi-google9 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201163912/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/09/business/fi-google9 |archive-date=2018-12-01 |dead-url=no }}</ref>11月19日，Google公司开始发布Google Chrome操作系统的开发版本，名为[[ChromiumOS]]。ChromiumOS与Chromium浏览器类似，遵照[[BSD许可证]]的条款。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/11/releasing-chromium-os-open-source.html|title=Releasing the Chromium OS open source project|last=Sengupta|first=Caesar|date=2009-11-19|work=Official Google Blog|publisher=Google, Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67K8z8egJ?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/11/releasing-chromium-os-open-source.html|archive-date=2012-05-01|dead-url=no}}</ref> ChromiumOS从下载的源代码可被编译，ChromeOS則有ChromeOS Flex可以安裝硬件上。与[[Google Chrome|Chrome浏览器]]相似，ChromeOS的[[用户界面]]很简洁化。这款操作系统的目标是将用户用在[[电脑]]上的时间尽量的分配在[[互联网]]之上，因此搭载ChromeOS系统的设备上，附带应用程序数量比较少，且都与网页浏览器相关。<ref name="Google 11-09" /><ref name="Ars Technica: Google Talks">{{cite news|url=http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2010/01/chrome-os-interview-1.ars|title=Google talks Chrome OS, HTML5, and the future of software|last=Stokes|first=Jon|date=2010-01-19|work=Ars Technica|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121115620/http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2010/01/chrome-os-interview-1.ars|archive-date=2011-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite web|last=Womack|first=Brian|date=2009-07-08|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aTd2k.YdQZ.Y|title=Google to Challenge Microsoft With Operating System|publisher=Bloomberg|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123033802/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087|archivedate=2009-01-23|accessdate=2011-07-28}}</ref><ref name="NY Times Hansell">{{cite news|last=Hansell|first=Saul|work=New York Times|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/08/would-you-miss-windows-with-a-google-operating-system/|date=2009-07-08|accessdate=2009-07-08|title=Would you miss Windows with a Google operating system?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910153751/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/08/would-you-miss-windows-with-a-google-operating-system/|archive-date=2015-09-10|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html|title=Introducing the Google Chrome OS|last=Pichai|first=Sundar|date=2009-07-07|work=Official Google Blog|publisher=Google, Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66eeFqwDL?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html|archive-date=2012-04-03|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2011年5月[[Google I/O|Google I/O大会]]上宣布，最先上市的[[Chromebook]]上网本是由[[宏碁]]和[[三星電子|三星]]在同年的7月15日推出。<ref name="Google blog ann">{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/new-kind-of-computer-chromebook.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2FMKuf+%28Official+Google+Blog%29&utm_content=Google+Reader |title=A New Kind Of Computer: Chromebook |last1=Upson |first1=Linus |last2=Pichai |first2=Sundar |work=The Official Google Blog |date=2011-05-11 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002518/https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/new-kind-of-computer-chromebook.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2FMKuf+%28Official+Google+Blog%29&utm_content=Google+Reader |archive-date=2018-09-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref>2013年7月24日Google推出“更薄、更輕、更快”的[[第二代Nexus 7]]平板電腦，以及可作Wi-Fi串流在電視播放平板電腦畫面的「電視棒」[[Chromecast]]。 2024年12月12日，Google发布与[[三星]]共同开发，为[[扩展现实]]([[XR]])设备所设计的[[Android XR]]操作系统，大多数Android应用程序都与Android XR兼容。 === 电子商务 === [[Google Checkout]]是一项简化在线购物支付的服务。<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6549643.stm Google unveils UK payments system] {{Wayback|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6549643.stm |date=20090215103638 }} BBC News</ref>2006年6月28日和翌年的4月13日分别在美国和英国开放。2011年，Google公司宣布[[团购]]业务{{Link-en|Google Offers|Google Offers}}，与[[Groupon]]等网站展开正面竞争。<ref name="techcrunch">{{cite web | first= Rocky | last= Agrawal | url= http://techcrunch.com/2011/07/04/google-offers-versus-groupon-portland/ | title= Google Offers Versus Groupon: The Portland Throwdown | publisher= TechCrunch | date= 2011-07-04 | access-date= 2019-04-29 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180205130907/https://techcrunch.com/2011/07/04/google-offers-versus-groupon-portland/ | archive-date= 2018-02-05 | dead-url= no }}</ref>4月21日，美国[[俄勒冈州]]的[[波特兰 (俄勒冈州)|波特兰]]成为该团购业务于测试阶段的首个开放城市，<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/support/offers/ |title=Google Offers Help |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207151220/http://www.google.com/support/offers/ |archive-date=2011-12-07 |dead-url=no }}</ref>7月12日Google又将服务范围扩张到[[纽约]]商业区和[[旧金山]]湾区。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://techcrunch.com/2011/07/12/google-offers-beta-expanded-from-portland-to-new-york-and-the-sf-bay-area/|title=Google Offers Beta Expanded From Portland To New York And The SF Bay Area|author=Robin Wauters|date=2011-07-12|publisher=AOL|work=TechCrunch|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205132944/https://techcrunch.com/2011/07/12/google-offers-beta-expanded-from-portland-to-new-york-and-the-sf-bay-area/|archive-date=2018-02-05|dead-url=no}}</ref>9月，Google在中国开通团购网站“[[谷歌时惠|谷歌时惠]]”（至2013年底关闭）；在欧洲团购市场，Google收购了德国团购网站DailyDeal。Google又推出[[Google錢包]]手机应用，<ref>TARA SIEGEL BERNARD, The New York Times. "[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/27/technology/27google.html?_r=1&ref=technology Google Unveils App for Paying With Phone] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/27/technology/27google.html?_r=1&ref=technology |date=20180920132606 }}." May 26, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.</ref>涉足无线支付和[[近场通讯]]领域。 === 其他 === [[File:EMachinesM5405Laptop.JPG|thumb|left|200px|一台筆電用[[無線網路]]連上Google]] [[Google翻译]]是一个服务器端的[[机器翻译]]服务，可以翻译249种不同的语言。<ref>{{Cite web |title=110 new languages are coming to Google Translate |url=https://blog.google/products/translate/google-translate-new-languages-2024/ |website=Google |date=2024-06-27 |language=en-us |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref>[[浏览器]]通过安装相应扩展即能实现在浏览器中使用Google翻译。Google翻译的软件使用[[语料库语言学]]技术，程序会向专业的翻译文件资料“学习”，例如参考[[联合国]]或[[欧洲议会]]的会议事项记录。<ref>{{Cite news |title=Google’s Computing Power Refines Translation Tool |first=Miguel |last=Helft |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/technology/09translate.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2010-03-08 |at=para. 15 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218141744/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/technology/09translate.html |archive-date=2019-02-18 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2002年，Google推出[[Google新闻]]服务。当时，Google宣布制造了一个“极不寻常的”网站，可以“在只靠电脑算法而没有人工干预的情况下编选和提供新闻，Google并没有雇佣任何编辑。”<ref>{{Cite news |first=Joshua |last=Macht |title=Automatic for the People |url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,356152,00.html |work=Time Magazine |publisher=AOL Time Warner |date=2002-09-30 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022094519/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,356152,00.html |archive-date=2010-10-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2008年5月，Google在中国大陆收购了上网导航服务[[265导航]]，进一步拓展了其在中国大陆的业务。 2011年10月6日，Google推出[[Google云平台]]。该平台是一项使用了Google核心基础架构、数据分析和[[机器学习]]技术的云计算服务。 2012年7月，Google正式推出[[光纖]]寬頻服務[[Google光纖]]，率先在美國[[堪萨斯城]]試驗一套超高速網絡系統，可以同時提供上網及有線電視服務。<ref name="Google Fiber Cable TV Business">{{cite web|last=Hesseldahl|first=Arik|title=Google Gets Into the Cable TV Business, for Real|url=http://allthingsd.com/20120726/google-gets-into-the-cable-tv-business-for-real/|publisher=AllThingsD.com|accessdate=2012-09-15|date=2012-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918140147/http://allthingsd.com/20120726/google-gets-into-the-cable-tv-business-for-real/|archive-date=2012-09-18|dead-url=no}}</ref> == 企业事务和文化 == Google公司一直以其轻松随意的企业文化著称于世。在2007年、2008、2012年<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/best-companies/2012/full_list/|title=100 Best Companies to Work For|work=fortune|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031135647/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/best-companies/2012/full_list/|archive-date=2012-10-31|dead-url=no}}</ref>的《[[财富 (杂志)|财富]]》杂志最适合工作的企业排行榜中位列榜首，<ref name="best_company">{{Cite journal |last1=Levering |first1=Robert |last2=Moskowitz |first2=Milton |editor1-first=Andrew |editor1-last=Serwer |date=2007-01-22 |title=In good company |journal=Fortune Magazine |volume=155 |issue=1 |publisher=Cable News Network |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/01/22/8398125/index.htm |author= |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301175257/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/01/22/8398125/index.htm |archive-date=2010-03-01 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levering |first1=Robert |last2=Moskowitz |first2=Milton |editor1-first=Andrew |editor1-last=Serwer |date=2008-02-04 |title=The 2008 list |journal=Fortune Magazine |volume=157 |issue=2 |publisher=Cable News Network |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2008/full_list/index.html |author= |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723223729/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2008/full_list/index.html |archive-date=2010-07-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2009年和2010年则位居第四位。<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levering |first1=Robert |last2=Moskowitz |first2=Milton |editor1-first=Andrew |editor1-last=Serwer |date=2009-02-02 |title=The 2009 list |journal=Fortune Magazine |volume=159 |issue=2 |publisher=Cable News Network |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2009/full_list/index.html |author= |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726042849/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2009/full_list/index.html |archive-date=2010-07-26 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levering |first1=Robert |last2=Moskowitz |first2=Milton |editor1-first=Andrew |editor1-last=Serwer |date=2010-02-08 |title=The 2010 list |journal=Fortune Magazine |volume=161 |issue=2 |publisher=Cable News Network |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2010/full_list/ |author= |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618125312/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2010/full_list/ |archive-date=2010-06-18 |dead-url=no }}</ref>同时，Google在Universum的通信人才的吸引力指数中被列为世界上大学毕业生最向往的雇主。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universumglobal.com/IDEAL-Employer-Rankings/Global-Top-50 |title=The World’s Most Attractive Employers 2010 |date=2010-09-28 |publisher=Universum Global |access-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112131208/http://www.universumglobal.com/IDEAL-Employer-Rankings/Global-Top-50 |archive-date=2010-11-12 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Google的网站声称，公司的企业哲学在其一些看上去漫不经心的信条中展现得淋漓尽致，如“無需作惡，也可賺錢”、“無需西裝革履，也可認真執著”<ref>{{en}}[http://www.google.com/about/corporate/company/tenthings.html谷歌：我們的信條]</ref>、“工作充满着挑战而挑战充满欢乐”等等。<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/corporate/tenthings.html |title=Our Philosophy |work=Corporate Information |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709041157/http://www.google.com/corporate/tenthings.html |archive-date=2010-07-09 |dead-url=no }}</ref> === 雇员 === [[File:Noogler.png|thumb|right|200px|Google的新员工被称为“Nooglers”，在第一个周五的时候，他们会戴上一顶螺旋桨豆豆帽<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zorgloob.com/2004/09/23/noogler-chez-google/ |title=Noogler chez Google |language=fr |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511081744/http://www.zorgloob.com/2004/09/23/noogler-chez-google/ |archive-date=2011-05-11 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]] 自[[上市]]后Google股票的良好涨势使许多早期员工获得丰厚的回报。<ref name="shinalj">{{Cite news |title=Google IPO achieved its major goal: It's all about raising cash for the company and rewarding employees, early investors |first=John |last=Shinal |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/22/BUGCL8BS201.DTL |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications, Inc. |date=2004-08-22 |page=J-1 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516025254/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F08%2F22%2FBUGCL8BS201.DTL |archive-date=2012-05-16 |dead-url=no }}</ref> IPO之后，创始人[[拉里·佩奇]]、[[谢尔盖·布林]]和前CEO[[埃里克·施密特|-{zh-hk:艾力·施密特; zh-cn:埃里克·施密特; zh-tw:艾立克·施密特;}-]]主动要求将他们自己的基本薪水降至1美分，随后公司将他们的资薪调低，而他们的收入主要来自于持有的Google股票。2004年以前，施密特每年收入为25万美元，佩奇和布林则为15万。<ref name="topsalaries">{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/03/31/technology/google/index.htm |title=Google leaders stick with $1 salary |last1=La Monica |first1=Paul R. |date=2006-03-31 |publisher=Cable News Network |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611063053/http://money.cnn.com/2006/03/31/technology/google/index.htm |archive-date=2017-06-11 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2007年至2008年初，有多位Google高管离任。2007年10月，[[YouTube]]前[[首席财务官]]吉迪昂·余同高级工程师本杰明·林一道跳槽至[[Facebook]]。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://venturebeat.com/2008/03/04/facebook-hires-sheryl-sandberg-to-be-its-new-coo/ |title=Another Googler goes to Facebook: Sheryl Sandburg becomes new COO |publisher=Venture Beat |date=2008-03-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309011113/http://venturebeat.com/2008/03/04/facebook-hires-sheryl-sandberg-to-be-its-new-coo/ |archivedate=2008-03-09 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/04/news/newsmakers/moritz_google_exec.fortune/ |title=Top Google exec jumps to Facebook |publisher=Fortune |date=2008-03-04 |first=Scott |last=Moritz |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413012722/http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/04/news/newsmakers/moritz_google_exec.fortune/ |archivedate=2008-04-13 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref> 2008年3月，[[雪莉·桑德伯格]]，当时的全球网络销售与运营副总裁，也离开Google，在Facebook擔任首席财务官一职。<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/04/AR2008030402766.html |title=Facebook Raids Google for Executive |work=Washington Post |date=2008-03-05 |first=Michael |last=Liedtke |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112172805/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/04/AR2008030402766.html |archive-date=2012-11-12 |dead-url=no }}</ref>另外，阿什·艾尔迪佛莱威——前品牌广告负责人前往Netshops公司（一家网络零售企业，在2009年更名为{{Link-en|Hayneedle|Hayneedle}}）擔任[[首席营销官]]。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/ |title=Netshops Inc. Appoints Ash ElDifrawi as Company's First Chief Marketing Officer |publisher=PR Newswire |date=2008-03-26 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129045129/http://www.prnewswire.com/ |archive-date=2016-11-29 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2011年4月4日，拉里·佩奇重任[[首席执行官]]（Chief Executive Officer），施密特改任执行[[董事长]]（Executive Chairman）。<ref>{{cite web |url=//investor.google.com/earnings/2010/Q4_google_earnings.html |title=Google Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2010 Results and Management Changes |publisher=Investor.google.com |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111140736/http://investor.google.com/earnings/2010/Q4_google_earnings.html |archive-date=2016-01-11 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Google有一个称为「创意休息時間」（Innovation Time Off）的政策，允许工程师花20%的工作时间做自己想做的事情，以此来激励更多、更广泛的创新，而这项政策也确确实实激发出了[[Gmail]]、[[Google新闻]]、[[Orkut]]、[[AdSense]]等产品的创意。<ref>{{Cite news |title=he Google Way: Give Engineers Room |first=Bharat |last=Mediratta |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/jobs/21pre.html |newspaper=The New York Times |publisher=The New York Times Company |date=2007-10-21 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402201354/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/jobs/21pre.html |archive-date=2017-04-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Google的搜索产品和用户体验副总裁[[玛丽莎·梅耶尔]]曾在一次斯坦福大学的访谈中展示过当时半数来源于「创意休息時間」的产品。<ref>{{Cite video |people=Mayer, Marissa (speaker) |date=2006-06-30 |title=Marissa Mayer at Stanford University |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soYKFWqVVzg |medium=Seminar |publisher=Martin Lafrance |time=11:33 |quote=Fifty percent of what Google launched in the second half of 2005 actually got built out of 20% time. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222132922/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soYKFWqVVzg |archive-date=2019-02-22 |dead-url=no }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soYKFWqVVzg |title=存档副本 |access-date=2011-07-17 |archive-date=2019-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222132922/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soYKFWqVVzg |dead-url=unfit }}</ref> 2011年3月，Universum的问卷调查报告显示，Google以接近25%的选择率成为年轻人最嚮往的雇主。<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/google_ranks_number_one_on_list_tF2RURTMzb5pYs2OGBzWJM?CMP=OTC-rss&FEEDNAME= |title=Google ranks number one on list of ideal employers |date=2011-03-22 |work=New York Post |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215212840/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/google_ranks_number_one_on_list_tF2RURTMzb5pYs2OGBzWJM?CMP=OTC-rss&FEEDNAME= |archive-date=2012-12-15 |dead-url=no }}</ref> === 办公地点 === {{main|Googleplex}} [[File:Googleplexsouthsidesecondangle.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Googleplex]]，Google公司的总部]] Google在[[美国]][[加州]][[山景城]]的总部被昵称为「Googleplex」，数学大数[[古戈尔普勒克斯]]（googolplex，数字1後有10<sup>100</sup>个0，即[[自然数]]10<sup>10<sup>100</sup></sup>=10<sup>googol</sup>）单词的变体。总部本身也是一栋错综复杂的综合性建筑。大厅用一架[[钢琴]]、[[熔岩灯]]、老旧的服务器装饰，墙上还有一副搜索请求的投影。门厅则布满了健身球和自行车。建筑内还有娱乐中心供公司员工休闲娱乐，健身房、更衣室、洗衣干衣机、按摩室、配套[[游戏机]]、[[桌上足球]]、小型三角钢琴、台球桌、乒乓球桌等等日常生活或娱乐设施设备散布在大楼内部。除此以外，Googleplex有着一个填满食物和饮料的餐厅，食物都以重视营养为重点。<ref>"[//www.google.com/corporate/culture.html About the Googleplex]." ''Google''. Retrieved March 5, 2008.</ref>餐厅和自动售卖机每周七天，每天二十四小时免费向员工开放。<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.theatlantic.com/life/print/2011/07/what-googles-famous-cafeterias-can-teach-us-about-health/241876/ | title = What Google's Famous Cafeterias Can Teach Us About Health | date = July 2011 | access-date = 2019-04-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110806234236/http://www.theatlantic.com/life/print/2011/07/what-googles-famous-cafeterias-can-teach-us-about-health/241876/ | archive-date = 2011-08-06 | dead-url = no }}</ref> [[File:PONYA Inland Term 1 jeh.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Google公司的在[[纽约]]的办公大楼]] 2003年，为了包括[[Google地图]]等项目，Google增加了一支在[[纽约]]的工程师队伍。2006年，Google在纽约市的办公地址搬进了位于[[曼哈顿]]第八大道的面积为28900平米的新大楼，目前容纳着公司最大的广告销售团队。<ref name="manhattan">Reardon, Marguerite. "[http://news.cnet.com/2100-1024_3-6121970.html Google takes a bigger bite of Big Apple] {{Wayback|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1024_3-6121970.html |date=20150213220829 }}." ''[http://www.cnet.com/ c net] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cnet.com/ |date=20190426092037 }}.'' October 2, 2006. Retrieved October 9, 2006.</ref>而这处办公大楼的设计与功能也与Googleplex有着相似之处，甚至同样有着桌上足球、桌上冰球、乒乓球台和电子游戏机。2006年11月，公司在[[匹兹堡]][[卡内基梅隆大学]]校区的办公场所开张，Google在这里的工作主要是购物广告代码和[[智能手机]]应用。<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/technology/10346550/detail.html |title=Google Completes Pittsburgh Office, Holds Open House |date=2006-11-17 |work=WTAE ThePittsburghChannel |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hGpTE0LB?url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/technology/10346550/detail.html |archivedate=2009-06-04 |access-date=2019-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_712700.html |title=Google search: Tech-minded workers |last=Olson |first=Thomas |date=2010-12-08 |publisher=Trib Total Media |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61rHkKn6i?url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_712700.html |archivedate=2011-09-21 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref> 06年底，Google又在[[密歇根州]]的[[安娜堡]]为[[AdWords]]添置了一处新的总部。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/webdev/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202600809 |title=Inside Google's Michigan Office |date=2007-10-24 |publisher=InformationWeek |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503233009/http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/webdev/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202600809 |archivedate=2008-05-03 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>此外，Google的办公场所遍布全世界，仅在美国就包括[[亚特兰大]]、[[奧斯汀]]、[[旧金山]]、[[西雅图]]、[[华盛顿哥伦比亚特区|华盛顿]]等多处。 Google对环境保护抱有相当高的热忱。2006年10月，Google公司宣布投资建造太阳能发电项目的计划，建成后可为Googleplex提供产生1.6[[兆瓦]]的电力，满足接近30%的用电需求。<ref name="solar">Richmond, Riva. "[http://www.post1.net/lowem/entry/google_plans_to_build_huge Google plans to build huge solar energy system for headquarters] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160519010259/http://www.post1.net/lowem/entry/google_plans_to_build_huge |date=2016-05-19 }}." ''[http://www.marketwatch.com/ MarketWatch] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/ |date=20130206232539 }}.'' October 17, 2006. Retrieved October 17, 2006.</ref>这套发电系统成为了全美最大的企业发电系统，也跻身世界最大的企业发电系统之一。<ref name="solar" />在2009年，Google租赁了一群[[山羊]]来为Googleplex周围的草地除草。这个方法既能防止季节性的丛林火灾，也可以大大减少大面积除草所产生的碳排放。<ref>{{cite web| url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/mowing-with-goats.html| title=Official Google Blog: Mowing with goats| date=2009-05-01| publisher=Google| access-date=2019-04-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929184245/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/mowing-with-goats.html| archive-date=2009-09-29| dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/04/AR2009050400027.html | work=The Washington Post | title=My Day With The Google Goats | first=MG | last=Siegler | date=2009-05-03 | access-date=2019-04-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112172816/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/04/AR2009050400027.html | archive-date=2012-11-12 | dead-url=no }}</ref>据透露这个用山羊修剪草坪的点子来自于一位名叫R·J·韦勒的[[美国国家半导体有限公司]]的工程师。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.national.com/rap/Horrible/sheep.html |title=Sheep Mow Lawns |publisher=National Semiconductor |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990506135340/http://www.national.com/rap/Horrible/sheep.html |archivedate=1999-05-06 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>尽管如此，Google依旧遭到了[[哈泼斯|《哈泼斯》杂志]]对于能源极端过度使用的指责，同时被指控打着“不作恶”口号和公开举行节能活动的幌子来掩盖企业所运行的服务器实际对能源的海量需求。<ref>Strand, Ginger. "[http://www.harpers.org/media/slideshow/annot/2008-03/index.html Keyword: Evil] {{Wayback|url=http://www.harpers.org/media/slideshow/annot/2008-03/index.html |date=20090703171603 }}." Retrieved April 9, 2008.</ref> ===資料中心=== Google公司因應全球使用者的需求，在美國及世界各地建立[[資料中心]]。至2013年底，Google公司已在美國（6處）、[[智利]]、[[比利時]]、[[愛爾蘭]]、[[芬蘭]]、[[新加坡]]及[[台灣]]設有共12處資料中心，另还有其他資料中心籌建中<ref>{{cite web|url=//www.google.com/about/datacenters/inside/locations/index.html|title=Data center locations|publisher=Google|accessdate=2012-12-03|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517162154/https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/inside/locations/index.html|archive-date=2018-05-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>。 其中[[Google台灣資料中心|台灣資料中心]]是Google在亞洲最大的資料中心<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201312110031-1.aspx|title=亞洲最大 Google資料中心啟用|author=中央通訊社|date=2013-12-11|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116185923/http://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201312110031-1.aspx|archive-date=2017-11-16|dead-url=no}}</ref>，以進軍亞洲的[[雲端產業]]<ref name="Chiu2013">Chiu Yu-Tzu, [http://www.zdnet.com/googles-largest-asian-data-center-in-taiwan-to-boost-cloud-sector-7000024174/ Google's largest Asian data center in Taiwan to boost cloud sector] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zdnet.com/googles-largest-asian-data-center-in-taiwan-to-boost-cloud-sector-7000024174/ |date=20140712052535 }} ZDNET, December 12, 2013</ref>，而該資料中心有機器人為主題<ref name="BBCnews2013">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-25328932 Google opens first data centres in Asia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-25328932 |date=20190221102521 }}11 December 2013</ref>。 大多數資料中心的業主基於[[資訊安全]]考量，極少透露其資料中心的信息以及內部资讯。不過Google公司曾於2012年在其網站设立专栏，公開了各地資料中心的內部照片及部份街景圖，讓外界一窺其资料中心的神秘面紗。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/about/datacenters/|title=Data Centers – Google|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318171328/https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/|archive-date=2019-03-18|dead-url=no}}</ref> 据估计，Google在全世界的数据中心内运营着上百万台的[[服务器]]，<ref>{{cite web|title=Pandia Search Engine News – Google: one million servers and counting|url=http://www.pandia.com/sew/481-gartner.html|accessdate=2011-07-17|date=2007-07-02|publisher=Pandia Search Engine News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716084624/http://www.pandia.com/sew/481-gartner.html|archivedate=2011-07-16|deadurl=yes}}</ref>每天处理数以亿计的搜索请求<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/18/google-unveils-top-political-searches-of-2009/|title=CNN Politics – Political Ticker... Google unveils top political searches of 2009|first=Eric|last=Kuhn|date=2009-12-18|publisher=CNN|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbOASm1?url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/18/google-unveils-top-political-searches-of-2009/|archive-date=2012-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>和约24[[拍字节|PB]]用户生成的数据。<ref>{{cite web|title=MapReduce|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1327452.1327492|accessdate=2011-07-17|publisher=Portal.acm.org|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/61rCZiuWl?url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1327452.1327492|archive-date=2011-09-21|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sorting 1PB with MapReduce|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/sorting-1pb-with-mapreduce.html|accessdate=2013-11-06|date=2008-11-21|last=Czajkowski|first=Grzegorz|work=Official Google Blog|publisher=Google, Inc.|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XKx42z?url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/sorting-1pb-with-mapreduce.html|archive-date=2012-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Google processes over 20 petabytes of data per day|url=http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2008/01/google-mapreduce-stats.html|access-date=2019-04-29|date=2008-01-08|last=Kennedy|first=Niall|work=Niall Kennedy's Weblog|publisher=Niall Kennedy|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XLWtdy?url=http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2008/01/google-mapreduce-stats.html|archive-date=2012-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Google Processing 20,000 Terabytes A Day, And Growing|url=http://techcrunch.com/2008/01/09/google-processing-20000-terabytes-a-day-and-growing/|access-date=2019-04-29|date=2008-01-09|last=Schonfeld|first=Erick|work=TechCrunch|publisher=TechCrunch|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XM5PbR?url=http://techcrunch.com/2008/01/09/google-processing-20000-terabytes-a-day-and-growing/|archive-date=2012-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref> === 企業識別 === {{See also|Google商標}} ==== Doodles ==== {{main|Google涂鸦}} 自从BackRub时代起，Google已经有过许多品牌[[标识]]，现今Google公司的官方标志是以[[Product Sans]]设计的一个文字[[商标]]。<ref>{{cite web|title=Google and Other Tech Logo Changes|url=http://news.surgogroup.com/google-tech-logo-changes/|website=Surgo Group News|access-date=2015-10-28|archive-date=2015-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224233719/http://news.surgogroup.com/google-tech-logo-changes/|url-status=live}}</ref>除了这个主要的商标之外，Google经常会在节日、名人诞辰日或重大事件（如[[奥运会]]）发生的时候把标志作修改后替代原商标放在网站上<ref name=GoogleHolidayLogos>{{Cite web| url=//www.google.com/holidaylogos.html| title=Google holiday logos| publisher=Google, Inc.| access-date=2019-04-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523020526/http://www.google.com/holidaylogos.html| archive-date=2009-05-23| dead-url=no}}</ref>。这些特殊的标志被称为「Google Doodles」（“谷歌涂鸦”）。截至目前，Google已经制作和更换了超过1000个doodles<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/doodles/about|title=Google Doodles|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320083151/http://www.google.com/doodles/about|archive-date=2019-03-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>。 2010年5月21日，为了纪念[[街机游戏]][[吃豆人|吃豆子]]30周年，Google在与[[南梦宫]]交流之后将标志改成了可以玩吃豆子游戏的迷宫地图。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-20005528-52.html |title=Google gets Pac-Man fever |author=Daniel Terdiman |date=2010-05-21 |work=Geek Gestalt |publisher=CNET |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731111002/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-20005528-52.html |archive-date=2012-07-31 |dead-url=no }}</ref>这个小游戏还有着与原版一样的音效。“-{zh-hant:好手氣; zh-hans:手气不错}-”（''I'm Feeling Lucky''）键则被“投入硬币”（''Insert Coin''）键所暂时取代。按下这个键可以加入第二位玩家——“[[吃豆人小姐]]”，用键盘上的W、S、A、D键操控。两天后的5月23日，吃豆子游戏的doodle被移除。但没过几天，为了满足用户们的要求，Google把这个doodle永久放置在了一个子域名上。<ref name="released">{{Cite web |last=Mayer |first=Marissa |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/pac-man-rules.html |title=Official Google Blog: PAC-MAN rules! |publisher=Googleblog.blogspot.com |date=2010-05-23 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202051435/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/pac-man-rules.html |archive-date=2010-12-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>详见[//www.google.com/pacman/ Google Doodle - 小精靈遊戲上世 30 週年]</ref> 2011年6月9日，为了纪念[[电吉他]]之父[[莱斯·保罗]]诞辰96周年，Google在主页放置了一个可互动的电吉他式doodle。除了能用悬停的鼠标指针来弹奏该电吉他之外，用户也可以用键盘按键来进行弹奏。用户可以在弹奏一段30秒以内的旋律，并用[[URL]]的方式发送给他人。同样由于热门，这个电吉他式的doodle被额外增加了一天的展示时间，之后亦被放置在一个永久的域名下。<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/pda/2011/jun/09/google-doodle-les-paul |title=Les Paul: Google's best doodle yet? |publisher=The Guardian |date=2011-06-09 |author=Jemima Kiss |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323005111/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/pda/2011/jun/09/google-doodle-les-paul |archive-date=2013-03-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>详见[//www.google.com/logos/2011/lespaul.html Google Doodle - Les Paul's 96th Birthday]</ref> 除了官方团队会制作Doodles以外，Google也鼓励人们参与到创造的行列中。Google每年举办[[Doodle 4 Google|Doodle4Google大赛]]，吸收参赛者的创意并嘉奖入选者。<ref>{{Cite web |url=//www.google.com/doodle4google/ |title=Doodle4Google Page |publisher=Google.com |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730220600/http://www.google.com/doodle4google/ |archive-date=2010-07-30 |dead-url=no }}</ref> ==== 愚人节玩笑和复活节彩蛋 ==== {{main|Google玩笑和复活节彩蛋列表}} [[File:Google toilet control.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Google所推出的“Google厕所”产品的“控制器”]] Google在每年的[[愚人节]]有制造玩笑的传统。2000年愚人节，Google推出MentalPlex（意念搜索），号称能以思维意念的力量来进行网络搜索。<ref name="mentalplex">{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/mentalplex/ |title=Google MentalPlex |date=2000-04-01 |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921223048/http://www.google.com/mentalplex/ |archive-date=2010-09-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2007年，Google则宣传发布一套名为TiSP（厕所互联网服务提供者）的免费服务，用户可以凭借将Google所提供的[[光导纤维]]电缆的一头冲到厕所下水管道之内来获取宽带服务。<ref name="TiSP">{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/tisp/ |title=Welcome to Google TiSP |date=2007-04-01 |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709034300/http://www.google.com/tisp/ |archive-date=2010-07-09 |dead-url=no }}</ref>同在2007年，Google在[[Gmail]]页面上展示即将推出Gmail Paper服务的提示，称将可以满足替用户把邮件打印到纸上并运送给收件人的要求。<ref name="gmail_paper">{{cite web |url=//mail.google.com/mail/help/paper/more.html |title=Google Paper |date=2000-04-01 |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110224341/https://mail.google.com/mail/help/paper/more.html |archive-date=2013-11-10 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2008年，Google说Gmail的用户将可以更改已发送邮件的发送时间。<ref>{{Cite news |url=//mail.google.com/mail/help/customtime/index.html |title=Gmail Custom Time: Google makes custom time |date=2011-04-14 |work=Google |publisher=Google |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104095816/http://mail.google.com/mail/help/customtime/index.html |archive-date=2013-11-04 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2010年的愚人节，为了回应[[堪萨斯]]首府[[托皮卡|托皮卡城]]市长之前为了申请[[Google光纤]]而颁布法令将城市名暂时改为Google，Google戏剧性地把公司名改为Topeka以纪念該城市。<ref name="Google Blog: A Different Kind of Company Name">{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/04/different-kind-of-company-name.html |title=A different kind of company name |last1=Schmidt |first1=Eric |date=2010-04-01 |work=Official Google Blog |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530151231/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/04/different-kind-of-company-name.html |archive-date=2010-05-30 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/04/01/business/main6353136.shtml |title=April Fools: Google Changes Name to Topeka |date=2010-04-01 |work=CBS News |publisher=CBS Interactive, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404073306/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/04/01/business/main6353136.shtml |archive-date=2010-04-04 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2011年的玩笑则名为Gmail运动，号称用户可以通过[[摄像头]]前做肢体运动来控制Gmail或计算机。<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/216708/technology/googles-gmail-motion-launched-april-1 |title=Google's GMail Motion launched April 1 |date=2011-04-01 |work=GMA News |publisher=GMA News |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403120941/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/216708/technology/googles-gmail-motion-launched-april-1 |archive-date=2011-04-03 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2013年的愚人節則推出[[Google嗅覺]]，號稱為一個測試版的香味[[資料庫]]，使用戶可以透過大部分的螢幕聞到各種味道。<ref>{{Cite web | url=//www.google.com/landing/nose/ | title=Google Nose | publisher=Google, Inc. | access-date=2019-04-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703224726/https://www.google.com/landing/nose/ | archive-date=2015-07-03 | dead-url=no }}</ref> 除了在愚人节会开一些玩笑之外，制作[[复活节彩蛋|彩蛋]]也是Google的保留项目。例如Google在搜索引擎的语言选择上非常滑稽的加入了提线木偶剧{{Link-en|丹麦厨师|Swedish Chefe}}中的“Bork bork bork”语言、[[儿童黑话]]、黑客语、卡通人物{{Link-en|Elmer Fudd|Elmer Fudd}}的语言、《[[星际迷航]]》中的[[克林贡语]]等等。<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/language_tools |title=Language Tools |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hT77QDRS?url=http://www.google.com/language_tools |archive-date=2009-06-12 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Google搜索还能够计算并提供[[生命、宇宙以及任何事情的终极答案]]（''The answer to life, the universe, and everything''，出自于[[道格拉斯·亚当斯]]的[[科幻小说]]《[[银河系漫游指南]]》）。<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/search?q=answer+to+life+the+universe+and+everything |title=Google Search Results for 'answer to life the universe and everything' |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313043759/https://www.google.com/search?q=answer+to+life+the+universe+and+everything |archive-date=2019-03-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref>此外，当一个人搜索单词「recursion」（递归）时，系统中的拼写检查会给你一个“纠错”链接，显示的建议依旧是「recursion」这个单词然后一直如此循环。<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/search?q=recursion |title=Google Search Results for 'recursion' |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313043805/https://www.google.com/search?q=recursion |archive-date=2019-03-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref>类似的彩蛋还有，当搜索单词「anagram」（一种颠倒字母顺序的字谜）时，Google提供的建议会显示“你是不是在找nag a ram？”<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.google.com/search?q=anagram |title=anagram search |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624205429/http://www.google.com/search?q=anagram |archive-date=2013-06-24 |dead-url=no }}</ref>如果[[Google地图]]中在间隔大片水域的两个地点之间搜寻路线，比如从[[洛杉矶]]到[[东京]]，搜索结果会建议“划[[独木舟]]穿越[[太平洋]]”。如果你在[[Google搜尋]]上搜尋"do a barrel roll"，頁面會順時針旋轉一圈（按[https://www.google.com/search?q=do+a+barrel+roll&rlz=1C5CHFA_enTW958TW958&oq=do+&aqs=chrome.0.69i59l3j69i60l5.4581j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 這裡] {{Wayback|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=do+a+barrel+roll&rlz=1C5CHFA_enTW958TW958&oq=do+&aqs=chrome.0.69i59l3j69i60l5.4581j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 |date=20210714010616 }}以查看實際效果）。在[[2010年世界杯足球赛]]期间，搜索关键词若是“[[世界杯]]”、“[[FIFA]]”等，就会导致Google页面底部原为「Goooo...gle」的页面指标变成「Goooo...al!」。<ref>{{cite web | url=http://asia.cnet.com/crave/google-celebrates-world-cup-with-gooooooooooal-62111461.htm | title=Google celebrates World Cup with Gooooooooooal! | publisher=CNET Asia | date=2010-06-09 | author=Chan, John | access-date=2019-04-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810073203/http://asia.cnet.com/crave/google-celebrates-world-cup-with-gooooooooooal-62111461.htm | archive-date=2011-08-10 | dead-url=no }}</ref> === 慈善事业 === 2004年，Google建立了非营利的慈善机构[[Google.org]]，起始基金为10亿美元。<ref name="philanthropy">{{cite web |url=http://www.google.org/about.html |title=About the Foundation |publisher=Google, Inc. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714080922/http://www.google.org/about.html |archivedate=2010-07-14 |accessdate=2009-10-22 }}</ref>组织的使命是建立公众对[[气候变化]]、全球公共卫生、全球贫困等问题的意识。它的首批计划之一是开发一款可行的每[[加仑]]燃料行驶100英里的[[插电式混合动力汽车|混合动力]][[电动载具]]。2004年Google聘请了{{Link-en|拉里·布莱恩特|Larry Brilliant}}为该项目的执行经理，<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hafner |first1=Katie |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/14/technology/14google.html |title=Philanthropy Google’s Way: Not the Usual |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2006-09-14 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723065526/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/14/technology/14google.html |archive-date=2016-07-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref>目前的执行经理则为梅根·史密斯。<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Helft |first1=Miguel |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/technology/companies/24google.html |title=Philanthropy Google’s Way: Not the Usual |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2009-02-23 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422112540/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/technology/companies/24google.html |archive-date=2017-04-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2008年，Google宣布“创想10<sup>100</sup>项目”，激励人们想出如何帮助人类并从中精选投票。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.project10tothe100.com/ |title=Project 10 to the 100th |publisher=Google, Inc. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710075927/http://www.project10tothe100.com/ |archivedate=2011-07-10 |access-date=2019-04-29 }}</ref>经过两年创意投稿的时间之后，<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/06/google-struggles-to-give-away-10-million/ |title=Google Struggles to Give Away $10 million |last1=Van Burskirk |first1=Elliot |date=2010-06-28 |publisher=Wired.com |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501015709/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/06/google-struggles-to-give-away-10-million/ |archive-date=2012-05-01 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Google最终揭示了投票结果并把一千万美元的资金投入到从提高[[非洲]]的教育条件到建设免费互联网在线教学等等各式各样的创意的实践中。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/09/10-million-for-project-10100-winners.html |title=$10 million for Project 10^100 winners |date=2010-09-24 |last1=Twohill |first1=Lorraine |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926020623/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/09/10-million-for-project-10100-winners.html |archive-date=2010-09-26 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 自2008年起，Google在中国大陆发起举办“‘益暖中华’——谷歌杯中国大学生公益创意大赛”，征集公益创意，并对优胜项目予以奖励，以此来倡导大学生投身社会公益事业。截至2011年，大赛举办了四届。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gong1chuang1.com/introduction.jsp |title=Google Struggles to Give Away $10 million |publisher=Google谷歌 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130161203/http://www.gong1chuang1.com/introduction.jsp |archive-date=2018-11-30 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 2011年，Google公司为[[国际奥林匹克数学竞赛]]捐款一百万[[欧元]]，以支持该竞赛2011年至2015年的举办。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imo2011.nl/node/39 |title=Google donating 1 million euros to IMO |date=2011-01-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724154518/https://www.imo2011.nl/node/39 |archivedate=2011-07-24 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref> 2012年，Google創立全球影響力大獎<ref name="Google Giving">{{cite web|url=//www.google.com/intl/zh-TW/giving/impact-awards.html|title=Google Giving|publisher=Google, Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102085038/https://www.google.com/intl/zh-TW/giving/impact-awards.html|archive-date=2017-11-02|dead-url=no}}</ref>，鼓勵運用科技和創新解決方案來應付人類當前挑戰的機構與組織。Google投入了2300萬美元來獎勵七個組織<ref name="Google Giving" />，包括[[世界自然基金会]]。 === 网络中立性 === Google是著名的[[网络中立性]]的支持者。2006年2月7日，[[文顿·瑟夫]]，[[网际协议]]（IP）的发明人之一，同时也是Google的副总裁和“首席互联网专员”在[[国会]]中说道：“允许宽带运营商控制人们在互联网上看什么或做什么从根本上破坏现已给互联网带来如此之成功的网络中立性原则。”<ref>{{cite web|author=Cerf, Vinton|title=The Testimony of Mr. Vinton Cerf, Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist, Google|url=http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=1937&wit_id=5416|accessdate=2008-05-04|format=PDF|page=8|date=2006-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921125843/http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=1937&wit_id=5416|archive-date=2008-09-21|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 但也有报道认为，Google也是網路中立性的違反者。<ref>{{cite web|author=CNN|title=EU slaps Google with record $2.7 billion fine|url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/06/27/technology/business/google-eu-antitrust-fine/index.html|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427022458/https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/27/technology/business/google-eu-antitrust-fine/index.html|archive-date=2019-04-27|dead-url=no}}</ref> === 隐私 === 前任首席执行官[[埃里克·施密特|-{zh-hk:艾力·施密特; zh-cn:埃里克·施密特; zh-tw:艾立克·施密特;}-]]在2007年接受[[金融时报 (英国)|金融时报]]采访时说：“我们的目标是让Google的用户可以得到诸如‘我明天该做什么？’和‘我应该参加什么工作’之类问题的答案”。<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/c3e49548-088e-11dc-b11e-000b5df10621,dwp_uuid=e8477cc4-c820-11db-b0dc-000b5df10621.html Google’s goal: to organise your daily life] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/c3e49548-088e-11dc-b11e-000b5df10621,dwp_uuid=e8477cc4-c820-11db-b0dc-000b5df10621.html |date=20111019004110 }} Financial Times</ref> 2010年，在接受[[华尔街日报]]的采访时他再一次重申：“我想事实上大多数人并不渴望Google回答他们的问题，他们想让Google告诉他们接下去该做什么。”<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704901104575423294099527212.html Google and the Search for the Future] {{Wayback|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704901104575423294099527212.html |date=20131006042041 }} Wall Street Journal</ref> 2009年12月，施密特在一些人表示了对隐私权的担忧之后声明：“如果有些东西你不想让别人知道，或许首先你不应该做这件事。如果你真正需要某种隐私权，事实上是搜索引擎——包括Google在内——都会在一段时间内保留有这些信息，而且这很重要。举个例子，我们美国人都得遵守《[[爱国者法案]]》，因而我们所有人的信息都被掌控在当局的手裡。”<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/12/07/schmidt_on_privacy/|title=Google chief: Only miscreants worry about net privacy|last=Cade|first=Metz|date=2009-12-07|work=The Register|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321132744/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/12/07/schmidt_on_privacy/|archive-date=2019-03-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>{{Link-en|国际隐私组织|Privacy International}}评价Google“敌对隐私权”，并在报告中将其排在最后一位。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.privacyinternational.org/issues/internet/interimrankings.pdf |title=Privacy International 2007 Consulation Report |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612031502/http://www.privacyinternational.org/issues/internet/interimrankings.pdf |archivedate=2007-06-12 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6740075.stm Google ranked 'worst' on privacy] {{Wayback|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6740075.stm |date=20121027120902 }} BBC News, June 2007</ref><ref>Delichatsios, Stefanie Alki; Sonuyi, Temitope, [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.805/student-papers/fall05-papers/google.pdf "Get to Know Google...Because They Know You"] {{Wayback|url=http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.805/student-papers/fall05-papers/google.pdf |date=20181130161201 }}, MIT, Ethics and Law on the Electronic Frontier, 6.805, December 14, 2005</ref> 在2010年的Techonomy大会上，施密特预测“实名而非匿名”是引领因特网前进的要素：“在一个充满不同步威胁的世界裡，若没有方法可以辨认你是谁将会很危险。我们需要为人们提供一个实名验证的服务。政府也需要它。”“如果我看了足够多关于你的消息和所在位置，我们就能用人工智能预测你要去哪里。给我们你的14张照片，我们就能辨别出你。你想你没有14张照片在互联网上？实际上在你的[[Facebook]]照片裡就有！”<ref name="thinq.co.uk">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thinq.co.uk/2010/8/5/no-anonymity-future-web-says-google-ceo/ |title=No anonymity on future web says Google CEO |publisher=THINQ.co.uk |date=2010-08-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815042507/http://www.thinq.co.uk/2010/8/5/no-anonymity-future-web-says-google-ceo/ |archivedate=2010-08-15 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref> [[File:Googlecar.png|thumb|right|200px|拍摄[[Google街景]]的汽车]] 一个名为“公众信息研究”（Public Information Research）的非营利组织开设了「Google Watch」网站，标语为“一份对Google垄断、算法和隐私问题的观察”。<ref name="Sherman">{{Cite book |last2=Sherman |first2=Chris |title=Google power: unleash the full potential of Google |last=Sherman |url=//books.google.com/?id=SRadJIuhVjAC&dq=Google+Power;+Unleash+the+Full+Potential+of+Google&q=Daniel+Brandt#v=snippet&q=Daniel%20Brandt |year=2005 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=Emeryville, California |isbn=0072257873 |page=415 |quote=...a look at Google's monopoly, algorithms, and privacy issues.}}</ref><ref name="theage">{{Cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/Breaking/Google-critic-releases-source-code-for-proxy/2005/01/12/1105423537735.html |title=Google critic releases source code for proxy |work=The Age |location=Melbourne, Australia |first=Sam |last=Varghese |date=2005-01-12 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122054108/http://www.theage.com.au/news/Breaking/Google-critic-releases-source-code-for-proxy/2005/01/12/1105423537735.html |archive-date=2016-01-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>这个网站针对有着存储[[Cookie]]向Google提出了一些问题。<ref name=agger>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2175651/|title=Google's Evil Eye: Does the Big G know too much about us?|first=Michael|last=Agger|date=2007-10-10|publisher=Slate|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907110654/http://www.slate.com/id/2175651|archive-date=2011-09-07|dead-url=no}}</ref> Google也因推出社交网络服务[[Google Buzz]]而遭受诟病，在Google Buzz的默认设置中，[[Gmail]]用户的联系人列表会自动公开。<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2010/02/google-buzz--facebook-in-gmail/1 | work=USA Today | title=Google adds Facebook-like features to Gmail | date=2010-02-09 | first=Jefferson | last=Graham | access-date=2019-04-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203153453/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2010/02/google-buzz--facebook-in-gmail/1 | archive-date=2019-02-03 | dead-url=no }}</ref>由于在一些国家和地区对某些网站实行审查制度，Google也受到了批评。一直到2010年3月[[谷歌退出中国事件|退出中国]]为止，Google一直在坚持[[中华人民共和国网络审查|中国大陆的网络审查制度]]，被强制以俗称为“[[防火长城]]”的过滤器来执行网络审查。<ref name="bbc1">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4645596.stm |title=Google censors itself for China |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2008-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223171106/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4645596.stm |archive-date=2007-12-23 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 尽管在国家和地区政治事务上很有影响力，但Google并不透露其用于政治的开支。2010年8月，纽约市公益维护官[[白思豪]]开展了一场全国运动，敦促公司透露所有的政治开支情况。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://advocate.nyc.gov/google |title=Google: Disclose Now! |last1=Bill de Blasio |first1=Office of the Public Advocate for the City of New York |date=2010-08-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108211924/http://advocate.nyc.gov/google |archivedate=2011-11-08 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref> 2006年至2010年间，拍摄[[Google街景]]的小车经过三十多个国家，从未加密的公共或私人[[Wi-Fi]]网络收集了约600[[吉字节|GB]]的数据。但是Google并没有给予受影响的人Wi-Fi信号的主人以隐私权处理的解释。一位Google的代表声称他们在接到[[德国]]监管机构的质询之前，并没有意识到收集数据带来的问题，并解释说收集到的信息也不会用于搜索或其他服务。为了避免可能会导致的法律制裁，Google称其不会销毁数据，直到获得政府相关机构的许可。<ref>{{cite web |author=Michael Liedtke, AP Technology Writer |url=http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Google-grabs-personal-info-apf-2162289993.html?x=0 |title=Google grabs personal info off of Wi-Fi networks |publisher=Finance.yahoo.com |date=2010-05-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518095457/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Google-grabs-personal-info-apf-2162289993.html?x=0 |archivedate=2010-05-18 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8684110.stm | title=Google admits wi-fi data blunder | date=2010-05-15 | publisher=BBC News | first=Maggie | last=Shiels | accessdate=2011-07-17 | archive-date=2019-10-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017004133/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8684110.stm | dead-url=no }}</ref> 2013年6月，Google被指參與[[稜鏡計劃]]，<ref name="WaPo1">{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html?hpid=z1 |title=U.S. intelligence mining data from nine U.S. Internet companies in broad secret program |work=The Washington Post |date=2013-06-06 |accessdate=2013-06-06 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615061900/http://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html?hpid=z1 |archive-date=2013-06-15 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=Greenwald1>{{cite news|last=Greenwald|first=Glenn|title=NSA taps in to internet giants' systems to mine user data, secret files reveal|work=The Guardian|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data|accessdate=2013-06-06|date=2013-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607013904/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data|archive-date=2013-06-07|dead-url=no}}</ref>隨後Google對媒體宣告，<ref name=Lardinois1>{{cite web |url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/06/06/google-facebook-apple-deny-participation-in-nsa-prism-program/ |title=Google, Facebook, Dropbox, Yahoo, Microsoft And Apple Deny Participation In NSA PRISM Surveillance Program |work=Tech Crunch |date=2013-06-06 |accessdate=2013-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607163445/http://techcrunch.com/2013/06/06/google-facebook-apple-deny-participation-in-nsa-prism-program/ |archive-date=2013-06-07 |dead-url=no }}</ref>並在其官方部落格上發表了由該公司時任執行長和時任首席法務官聯合署名的文章。<ref name=Page1>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/06/what.html |title=What the ...? |work=Google Official Blog |date=2013-06-07 |accessdate=2013-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608041835/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/06/what.html |archive-date=2013-06-08 |dead-url=no }}</ref>同时，彭博社曝出Google等公司与美国国家安全部门紧密合作，向其提供敏感信息，同时获得机密情报的新聞。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2013-06-16/749691.html|title=媒体曝上千家公司向美国政府提供情报 包括谷歌脸谱|publisher=|access-date=2014-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313112744/http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2013-06-16/749691.html|archive-date=2016-03-13|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 2014年5月，[[中华人民共和国国务院]]新闻办互联网新闻研究中心发布了一份名为《美国全球监听行动纪录》的报告，聲稱美国的棱镜计划对华窃密，“微软Google均有配合”。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hb.people.com.cn/n/2014/0603/c192237-21331715.html|title=中国确认美棱镜项目对华窃密：微软谷歌均有配合|author=L_103724|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130153406/http://hb.people.com.cn/n/2014/0603/c192237-21331715.html|archive-date=2018-11-30|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2018年9月，曝出Gmail 未经用户同意违规扫描邮件信息而涉嫌泄露用户个人信息，美国将在9月26日举行听证会。Google方面表示不予置评。 === 互聯網自由 === ==== 关闭Google.cn搜索服务 ==== {{main|谷歌退出中国事件|谷歌中国}} [[File:Google China headquarter in Beijing.jpg|thumb|left|200px|谷歌中国在[[北京]][[中关村]][[清华科技园]]内的总部]] 2010年1月12日，Google公司发表声明称受到来自[[中华人民共和国|中国大陆]]的[[黑客]]攻击，并将与[[中华人民共和国政府]]谈判，要求取消[[谷歌中国|谷歌中国]][[搜索引擎]]的过度[[中华人民共和国网络审查|内容审查]]，否则谷歌中国会退出中国大陆市场。事件引起了关于[[网络自由]]、[[言论自由]]，以及事件背后真正原因的争论。两个多月后，从[[北京时间]]（[[UTC+8]]）3月23日凌晨起，Google公司决定将原有谷歌中国的两个域名（google.cn和g.cn）重定向至[[Google香港]]的域名（google.com.hk），并使用通过其在[[香港]]或海外的[[服务器]]实现未经审查过滤的搜索引擎服务<ref name=ancmt>{{cite web|url=//www.google.com/press/new-approach-to-china/update.html|title=关于谷歌中国的最新声明|publisher=Google官方网站|date=2010-03-23|accessdate=2010-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325081710/http://www.google.com/press/new-approach-to-china/update.html|archive-date=2010-03-25|dead-url=no}}</ref>，但中国大陆用户搜索[[关键词过滤|敏感词汇]]会因[[防火长城]]而导致链接被重置。北京时间2010年4月3日，Google香港网站Logo由“Google谷歌”更名为“Google中国”，有人认为这意味着使用四年的“谷歌”名称可能遭弃用。<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.cnbeta.com/articles/107759.htm | title = 谷歌时代结束 - Google中国名称已经改回 | publisher = [[cnBeta]] | date = 2010-04-02 | accessdate = 2010-04-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100406021327/http://www.cnbeta.com/articles/107759.htm | archive-date = 2010-04-06 | dead-url = no }}</ref>但在第二天，2010年4月4日（[[UTC+8]]）Google香港网站Logo又由“Google中国”改回“Google谷歌”。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pcedu.pconline.com.cn/softnews/yejie/1004/2091256.html|title=谷歌Logo失而复得 官方博客集体迁移？|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513021032/http://pcedu.pconline.com.cn/softnews/yejie/1004/2091256.html|archive-date=2017-05-13|dead-url=no}}</ref> 谷歌不屈服於中國當局網路控制的行動，引發全球關注和人權組織的廣泛讚揚。被外界視為中國第一家人權網站的[[六四天網]]創辦人[[黃琦]]表示很讚賞谷歌公司堅持[[普世價值]]的骨氣，面對中國的新聞封鎖和[[中華人民共和國網路審查|網路封鎖]]，一直不妥協，這種做法理應受到全世界企業的效倣。<ref name="堅持普世價值">[http://www.voachinese.com/content/google-cheif-describe-china-internet-control-20131105/1783683.html 谷歌：中國不改言論審查就不會重返中國] {{Wayback|url=http://www.voachinese.com/content/google-cheif-describe-china-internet-control-20131105/1783683.html |date=20160416045623 }}，[[美國之音]], 11.05.2013</ref> 但是，此次Google结束的仅仅是中国大陆的搜索业务，而[[Google翻译]]、[[Google地图]]等Google在中国大陆的无关互联网搜索的业务照常营运。Google在中国大陆的官方[[博客]]“Google黑板报”也照常更新<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.google.cn/ggblog/googlechinablog/ |title=Google（谷歌）中国的博客网志 |accessdate=2010-05-08 |archive-date=2010-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507052405/http://www.google.cn/ggblog/googlechinablog |dead-url=no }}</ref>。 自从2010年[[Google中国]]将搜索业务迁移至[[香港]]以来，Google香港域名便时常遭到中华人民共和国政府的关键词过滤和全站屏蔽，致使中国大陆网民无法正常使用Google搜索。 2011年，根据不完全统计，中国大陆顶级互联网网站前5名中，谷歌香港的域名“Google.com.hk”排在第五名。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.newhua.com/news/2011/0703/126376.shtml|title=中美互联网差异 -|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130153406/http://news.newhua.com/news/2011/0703/126376.shtml|archive-date=2018-11-30|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <!--2013年6月，美国国家安全局合约外判商的员工[[爱德华·斯诺登]]曝光棱镜计划，美国政府被指控通过谷歌等网络公司监控中华人民共和国。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/world/special/meiguojianting/content-3/detail_2013_10/31/30822630_0.shtml|title=美媒：美国安局入侵谷歌雅虎窃取上亿份资料|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226034046/http://news.ifeng.com/world/special/meiguojianting/content-3/detail_2013_10/31/30822630_0.shtml|archive-date=2014-12-26|dead-url=no}}</ref>--> 2013年11月，谷歌公司執行主席-{zh-hk:艾力·施密特; zh-cn:埃里克·施密特; zh-tw:艾立克·施密特;}-呼籲中國[[中華人民共和國網路審查|開放網際網路]]、尊重民眾的[[言論自由]]。他說中國大陆的新聞檢查問題明顯惡化，他對中华人民共和国當局加緊打壓網路言論、對轉發所謂“網路謠言”500次入罪的司法解釋感到擔憂，並表示如果中國不改變目前的[[中華人民共和國新聞自由|新聞檢查制度]]，谷歌就不會重返中國。<ref name="堅持普世價值"/> 2014年5月29日起，Google所有服務（包括Gmail服務）在中國大陆被[[防火長城]][[2014年中国大陆屏蔽谷歌服务事件|大規模干擾至基本無法使用]]，重定向至[[Google香港]]的域名也遭到屏蔽，Google指中國大陆的網絡仍然可局部使用其服務，如未迁移至香港的[[Google地图|地图]]、[[Google翻译|翻译]]等<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20140603/c03googlechina/ |title=谷歌服务在中国遭遇大规模干扰 |date=2014-06-03 |publisher=紐約時報中文網 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805141419/http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20140603/c03googlechina/ |archive-date=2015-08-05 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://cn.wsj.com/gb/20140603/rec145404.asp |title=“六四”临近 谷歌多项在华服务被封 |date=2014-06-03 |publisher=華爾街日報中文網 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115075340/http://cn.wsj.com/gb/20140603/rec145404.asp |archive-date=2017-11-15 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=天安门事件前夕谷歌被封锁 |url=https://zh.greatfire.org/blog/2014/jun/google-disrupted-prior-tiananmen-anniversary-mirror-sites-enable-uncensored-access |date=2014-06-02 |publisher=GreatFire.org |accessdate=2014-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331054503/https://zh.greatfire.org/blog/2014/jun/google-disrupted-prior-tiananmen-anniversary-mirror-sites-enable-uncensored-access |archive-date=2016-03-31 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Google 在中国被严重封网 |url=http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/june4_2005/google-block-06022014130840.html |date=2014-06-02 |publisher=[[亚洲自由电台|亞洲自由電臺]]粵語部 |accessdate=2014-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812112311/http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/june4_2005/google-block-06022014130840.html |archive-date=2014-08-12 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=六四25週年前 陸斷谷歌服務 |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B25%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D-%E9%99%B8%E6%96%B7%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99-150939996--finance.html |date=2014-06-02 |publisher=[[路透社]]（[[Yahoo!奇摩]]轉載） |accessdate=2014-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822013437/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B25%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D-%E9%99%B8%E6%96%B7%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99-150939996--finance.html |archive-date=2014-08-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.google.com/transparencyreport/traffic/disruptions/124/ |title=Google透明度報告（資訊公開報告） |date=2014-05-31 |publisher=Google |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515183051/https://www.google.com/transparencyreport/traffic/disruptions/124/ |archive-date=2017-05-15 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。直至2014年9月，Google.cn域名下的大部分服务恢复正常。 2015年六四前夕，长城防火墙加强对Google的封锁，众多IP地址也被封锁，此后除了Google.cn域名的翻译、地图服务（除街景外）、[[265上网导航|网站导航服务]]及广告等业务可以部分使用之外，其他所有Google服务均无法在大陆使用<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/transparencyreport/traffic/disruptions/ |title=Transparency Report |accessdate=2017-11-28 |work=www.google.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916211429/https://www.google.com/transparencyreport/traffic/disruptions/ |archive-date=2017-09-16 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。 ==== 反對管轄互聯網 ==== 2012年12月3日舉行的國際電信大會討論中華人民共和國和[[俄羅斯]]等国支持的國際電信規則修訂方案，修訂方案建議將互聯網包含在[[聯合國]]下屬機構[[國際電信聯盟]]的管轄範圍之內。Google為此發起了反擊，呼籲[[網民]]支持自由和開放的互聯網。 Google建立了一個參與行動的網站，並聲明「互聯網將全球20多億人聯繫在一起。一些國家/地區的政府想要在12月份召開秘密會議，以期就網絡內容審查制度和網絡管制達成共識。我們應該團結起來，維護互聯網的自由與開放。」，「自由和開放的世界取決於自由和開放的網絡。各國政府不應該單獨決定互聯網的前路。全球數以十億計使用互聯網的人，以至建立和維護互聯網的專家，都應該出一分力。」<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/intl/zh-HK/takeaction/|title=採取行動 – Google|publisher=|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601043304/https://www.google.com/intl/zh-HK/takeaction/|archive-date=2016-06-01|dead-url=no}}</ref> 由于[[中國互聯網絡信息中心]]的合作方MCS Holdings签发多个Google域名的不当证书，2015年4月2日，Google宣佈不再信任该中心發佈的[[安全證書]]，网站若使用该中心颁发的证书，用户在[[Google Chrome]]中访问时將受到谷歌的安全警告<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guancha.cn/Science/2015_04_02_314631.shtml|title=谷歌不承认CNNIC安全证书 .cn网站受影响|publisher=觀察者|date=2015-04-02|accessdate=2015-04-02|archive-date=2019-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017004133/http://www.guancha.cn/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-32163248 |title=Google stops 'trusting' Chinese net regulator after lapse |publisher=BBC News |date=2015-04-02 |accessdate=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402201333/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-32163248 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。 == 爭議 == {{main|对Google的批评}} == 故障 == {{NoteUTC+8}} 2013年8月17日06:50至06:55，谷歌遭遇了故障，包含[[Google搜尋]]、[[YouTube]]、[[Google Drive]]和[[Gmail]]等服务都受到了影响。此事導致全球网络流量暴跌40%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2013/08/17/fascinating-number-google-is-now-40-of-the-internet/#20087f727c72|title=Fascinating Number: Google Is Now 40% Of The Internet|date=2013-08-17|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802111929/https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2013/08/17/fascinating-number-google-is-now-40-of-the-internet/#20087f727c72|archive-date=2018-08-02|dead-url=no}}</ref>。 2014年1月25日，Google和旗下其他許多服務疑因軟體出包故障，據信影響全球數億民眾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/gmail%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B7-google%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9%E4%B8%A6%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%89-043150660--finance.html|title=Gmail服務中斷 Google修復並致歉|date=2014-01-25|work=Yahoo奇摩新聞|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207020226/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/gmail%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B7-google%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9%E4%B8%A6%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%89-043150660--finance.html|archive-date=2018-02-07|dead-url=no}}</ref>。 2019年3月13日上午10時左右，發生全球大當機問題，Gmail出現無法發送郵件、無法下載附件檔案等情形，Google雲端硬碟也傳出有延遲或是檔案無法下載的狀況。同日14時13分，Google於官網公告已經解決Gmail和Google雲端硬碟的問題，表示對於造成用戶不便感到抱歉，但是並未提及造成當機的原因。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google當機 網友：世界末日 {{!}} 熱門話題 {{!}} 產業|url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5648/3696010|work=經濟日報|accessdate=2019-03-14|language=zh-TW|last=經濟日報|archive-date=2019-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017004134/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5648/3696010|dead-url=no}}</ref> ==參見== *[[Alphabet Inc.]] *[[谷歌中国]] *[[Google搜索]] *[[Google档案系統]] *[[MapReduce]] *[[谷歌退出中国事件]] *[[Google产品列表]] *[[Google公司收购列表]] *[[Googleplex]] *[[實習大叔]] *[[網路主權]] == 註解 == {{NoteFoot}} ==參考文獻== *{{clref|柯利弗德|2013|ref={{cite isbn|9789571356990|ref=harv|noedit}}}} ==參考來源== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==外部链接== {{sisterlinks}} {{commonscat}} *[//www.google.com/ncr Google首页] 不进行国家跳转 *[//www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN Google简体中文国际版]{{zh-cn}} *[//www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-TW Google繁體中文國際版]{{zh-tw}} *[//www.google.com.hk/ Google香港]{{zh-hk}} *[https://about.google/ Google企業資訊] {{Wayback|url=https://about.google/ |date=20190209213207 }} *[https://blog.google/ Google官方博客]{{Wayback|url=https://blog.google/ |date=20210205193729 }}{{en}} *[//www.google.org/ Google公益]{{en}} === 社群網路谷歌官方帳號 === *[//www.linkedin.com/company/google/ Google LinkedIn] *{{Sinaweibo}} *{{Facebook}} *{{Instagram}} *{{Twitter}} *{{YouTube|user=Google}} {{Alphabet Inc.}} {{Google公司}} {{全球主要資訊科技公司}} {{主要软件公司}} {{主要互联网公司}} {{台灣搜尋引擎}} {{Portal bar|Google|技術|網際網路}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Google| ]] [[Category:美國互联网公司]] [[Category:總部在美國的跨國公司]] [[Category:山景城公司]] [[Category:被防火长城封锁的网站]] [[Category:全球資訊網]] [[Category:1998年成立的公司]] [[Category:2004年首次公開募股]] [[Category:美國科技公司]] [[Category:美國電子公司]] [[Category:人工智慧公司]] [[Category:棱镜项目网络公司]]
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