编辑“︁DirectWrite”︁

{{NoteTA
|G1=IT
|G2=Windows
}}
{{校对翻译}}
'''DirectWrite'''是[[微软]]的一个文本布局和字形渲染[[应用程序接口|API]]。它的设计是为取代[[GDI+|GDI]]/GDI+和面向屏幕渲染的[[Uniscribe]]，并已随[[Windows 7]]和[[Windows Server 2008 R2]]发售提供，[[Windows Vista]]和[[Windows Server 2008]]亦可获取（只需安装[[Windows Vista|平台更新]]）。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/directx/archive/2009/09/10/windows-7-transition-pack-for-windows-vista.aspx|title=The Platform Update for Windows Vista|accessdate=27 January 2012|date=10 September 2009|publisher=DirectX Developer Blog|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408062133/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/directx/archive/2009/09/10/windows-7-transition-pack-for-windows-vista.aspx|archivedate=2014年4月8日}}</ref>DirectWrite在[[Direct2D]]上以[[硬件加速]]（使用[[圖形處理器|GPU]]）形式运行，但也可以在CPU上渲染任何目标，包括[[GDI+|GDI]]位图。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd371554(v=vs.85).aspx|title=Introducing DirectWrite|work=Microsoft Developer Network|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2017-05-26|archive-date=2017-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613214559/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd371554(v=vs.85).aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>[http://channel9.msdn.com/pdc2008/PC18/ Windows 7: Introducing Direct2D and DirectWrite] {{Wayback|url=http://channel9.msdn.com/pdc2008/PC18/ |date=20100818160237 }} – PDC 2008 video 15:00-16:00 and 27:00-28:00</ref>

== 特性 ==
* 全面支持[[Unicode]]，超过20个脚本提供Windows支持的每种语言的布局和渲染。DirectWrite支持多格式文本的测量、渲染和{{tsl|en|Hit-testing|命中测试}}。{{TransH}}支持Unicode特性，包括[[雙向文稿|BIDI]]、line breaking, surrogates, UVS, language-guided script itemization, number substitution, and glyph shaping.{{TransF}}
* 有双向[[反鋸齒]]的子像素[[ClearType]]文本渲染可以与GDI/GDI+、[[Direct2D]]/[[Direct3D]]和任何应用程序的特定技术互操作。在使用Direct2D时，文字渲染可以硬件加速，或者可以在硬件加速不可用时使用{{tsl|en|Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform|WARP软件光栅化器}}.
* 支持[[OpenType]]支持高级印刷特性，例如文体交替和{{tsl|en|Swash (typography)||花饰}}，这从未在GDI和[[Windows Forms|WinForms]]中支持。这些功能在2008年[[专业开发者大会]]的DirectWrite推出时使用{{tsl|en|Gabriola (typeface)|Gabriola字体}}演示，本身也引入了Windows 7。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/pdc2008/PC18|title=Windows 7: Introducing Direct2D and DirectWrite – pdc2008|date=29 October 2008|work=Channel 9|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2017-05-26|archive-date=2011-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630233825/http://channel9.msdn.com/blogs/pdc2008/pc18|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 为采用专有文字布局和Unicode到字形处理的案例提供底层字形渲染API。
在[[Windows 8.1]]中，DirectWrite开始支持[[OpenType|彩色字体]]。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/hh802480(v=vs.85).aspx|title=What's new in DirectWrite|work=Microsoft Developer Network|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2017-05-26|archive-date=2017-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182301/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/hh802480(v=vs.85).aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Build/2013/3-191|title=Innovations in High Performance 2D Graphics with DirectX – Build 2013|author=Dan McLachlan|date=26 June 2013|work=Channel 9|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2017-05-26|archive-date=2016-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229185017/https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Build/2013/3-191|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 使用 ==
Windows 7中的[[XML纸张规范|XPS]]查看器使用DirectWrite，不过它在一个GDI+表面上渲染输出。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/02/13/advances-in-typography-and-text-rendering-in-windows-7.aspx|title=Advances in typography and text rendering in Windows 7|author=Worachai Chaoweeraprasit|date=13 February 2009|work=Microsoft Developer Network|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2017-05-26|archive-date=2014-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813191355/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/02/13/advances-in-typography-and-text-rendering-in-windows-7.aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref>

[[Internet Explorer 9]]及之后版本使用Direct2D上的DirectWrite层改进视觉质量和性能。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.itwriting.com/blog/3003-firefox-4-as-psychedelic-as-ie9-with-direct2d-enabled.html|title=Firefox 4 as Psychedelic as IE9 with Direct2D enabled|accessdate=6 August 2014|author=Tim Anderson|date=11 August 2010|publisher=itwriting.com|archive-date=2017-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502134551/http://www.itwriting.com/blog/3003-firefox-4-as-psychedelic-as-ie9-with-direct2d-enabled.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/firefox-4-beta-4-adds-hardware-acceleration/|title=Firefox 4 beta 4 adds hardware acceleration|accessdate=6 August 2014|date=25 March 2014|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|publisher=CNET|archive-date=2018-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623142744/https://www.cnet.com/news/firefox-4-beta-4-adds-hardware-acceleration/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/Print/2010/09/13/mozilla_v_windows_on_hardware_acceleration/|title=Mozilla chucks Roc at Microsoft's new hardness|date=13 September 2010|work=The Register|accessdate=2017-05-26|archive-date=2017-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401152451/http://www.theregister.co.uk/Print/2010/09/13/mozilla_v_windows_on_hardware_acceleration/|dead-url=no}}</ref>Firefox 4也添加了DirectWrite支持，但由于用户对渲染质量的投诉，Firefox 7中对某些字体不会默认采用DirectWrite风格的渲染。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.mozilla.org/nattokirai/2011/08/11/directwrite-text-rendering-in-firefox-6/|title=DirectWrite Text Rendering in Firefox 6|accessdate=9 August 2014|date=11 August 2011|publisher=Blog.mozilla.org|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810103409/https://blog.mozilla.org/nattokirai/2011/08/11/directwrite-text-rendering-in-firefox-6/|archivedate=2014年8月10日}}</ref>

[[Microsoft Office 2013]]支持Direct2D/DirectWrite或GDI/Uniscribe用于显示渲染和文字排版。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/murrays/archive/2012/07/29/office-adopts-new-windows-display-technology.aspx|title=Office Adopts New Windows Display Technology|author=Murray Sargent|work=Microsoft Developer Network|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2017-05-26|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054904/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/murrays/archive/2012/07/29/office-adopts-new-windows-display-technology.aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref>

[[Google Chrome]]Windows版自37版开始支持DirectWrite<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8431/google-updates-chrome-to-version-37-with-directwrite-support|title=Google Updates Chrome To Version 37 With DirectWrite Support|accessdate=27 August 2014|author=Brandon Chester|date=26 August 2014|work=AnandTech|archive-date=2016-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218195757/http://www.anandtech.com/show/8431/google-updates-chrome-to-version-37-with-directwrite-support|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 参见 ==
* [[Pango]]：一个高质量呈现文本的跨平台库，尤为支持多语言文本。
* [[Cairo (繪圖)|Cairo]]：一个基于矢量的跨平台图形库，可以渲染文本。

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Microsoft APIs}}
[[Category:计算机程序库]]
[[Category:繪圖函式庫]]
[[Category:文本]]
[[Category:字体排印软件]]