编辑“︁鎳華”︁

{{Infobox mineral
| name        = 鎳華
| boxwidth    = 
| boxbgcolor  = 
| image       = Annabergite-Siderite- Grece-1.jpg
| imagesize   = 260px
| alt         = 
| caption     = 來自希臘[[拉夫里翁]]的鎳華
| category    = [[砷酸鹽礦物]]
| formula     = Ni<sub>3</sub>(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·8H<sub>2</sub>O
|IMAsymbol=Anb<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|access-date=2022-10-16|archive-date=2022-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722124145/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| molweight   = {{chem molar mass|Ni=3|As=2|O=16|H=16}}
| strunz      = 8.CE.40
| dana        = 40.3.6.4
| system      = [[單斜晶系]]
| class       = 稜柱形 (2/m) <br/><small>（[[H-M記號]]相同）</small>
| symmetry    = ''C2/m''
| unit cell   = a = 10.179(2), b = 13.309(3) <br/>c = 4.725(1)&nbsp;[Å]; β = 105(1)°; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;2
| color       = 蘋果綠色、淡綠色、淡玫瑰色或淡粉色、白色、灰色；可能分區
| colour      = 
| habit       = 通常為纖維狀細脈、結晶殼狀或土狀；成型良好的晶體少見
| twinning    = 
| cleavage    = {010}完全，{100}和{102}差
| fracture    = 
| tenacity    = 可切
| mohs        = 1.5 – 2.5
| luster      = 半金剛光澤，解理面珍珠光澤，可能泥土光澤
| streak      = 淡綠色到白色
| diaphaneity = 透明到半透明
| gravity     = 3.07
| density     = 
| polish      = 
| opticalprop = 雙軸 (+/-)
| refractive  = n<sub>α</sub> = 1.622 n<sub>β</sub> = 1.658 n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.687
| birefringence = δ = 0.065
| pleochroism = 
| 2V          = 測量值：84°<br />計算值：82°
| dispersion  = 
| extinction  = 
| length fast/slow =
| fluorescence = 
| absorption  = 
| melt        = 
| fusibility  = 
| diagnostic  = 
| solubility  = 
| impurities  = 
| alteration  = 
| other       = 
| references  = <ref name=HBM>{{Cite web |url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/annabergite.pdf |title=Handbook of Mineralogy |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2012-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523211328/http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/annabergite.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=Mindat>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mindat.org/min-240.html |title=Mindat.org |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2012-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212141420/http://www.mindat.org/min-240.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=Webmin>{{Cite web |url=http://www.webmineral.com/data/Annabergite.shtml |title=Webmineral data |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129001935/https://webmineral.com/data/Annabergite.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| var1 = 鈣鎳華 | var1text = 鈣含量高的鎳華，發現於蘇格蘭Creetown
| var2 = 鎂鎳華 | var2text = 鎂含量高的鎳華，發現於於西班牙Sierra Cabrera地區
}}

'''鎳華'''（{{langx|en|Annabergite}}）是一種含[[鎳]][[砷酸鹽礦物]]，化學式為Ni<sub>3</sub>(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·8H<sub>2</sub>O，與[[藍鐵礦]]和[[鈷華]]同構。晶體通常很微小且呈現毛細管狀，不過非常罕見，多數以軟土塊和結殼的形式出現。顏色呈現蘋果是其最大特徵之一。鎳華的英文名稱有很長一段時間（約從1758年）都是以「'''nickelbloom'''」來稱之，到了1852年英國的晶體學家{{le|亨利·詹姆斯·布魯克|Henry James Brooke}}和{{le|威廉·哈洛威斯·米勒|William Hallowes Miller}}才以該礦物的標準產地德國[[薩克森]]的[[安娜貝格縣|安娜貝格]]（Annaberg）來命名之。鎳華主要出現於鎳礦石中，是鎳礦石經過換質作用後的產物<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Annabergite|volume=2|page=59}}</ref>。

== 變種 ==
'''鈣鎳華'''（{{langx|en|Dudgeonite}}）: 鎳華中部份的鎳被[[鈣]]取代，發現於蘇格蘭{{le|柯庫布里郡|Kirkcudbrightshire}}{{le|Creetown}}地區，其英文名稱取自其發現者P. Dudgeon<ref name="EB1911" />。

'''鎂鎳華'''（{{langx|en|Cabrerite}}）: 鎳華中部份的鎳被[[鎂]]取代，發現於西班牙[[安達魯西亞]]自治區[[阿尔梅里亚]]Sierra Cabrera地區，其英文名稱來自發現地地名。

== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Annabergite}}
[[Category:砷酸鹽礦物]]
[[Category:含鎳礦物]]
[[Category:單斜晶系礦物]]
[[Category:藍鐵礦族]]

{{mineral-stub}}