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{{CJK-New-Char|2724D|27246|block=B}} {{Automatic Taxobox | fossil_range = [[阿普第期]] - [[全新世|現今]]{{fossil_range|120|0}} | name = 蟋蟀 | image = HPIM3869.JPG | image_caption = [[黃斑黑蟋蟀]]（''Gryllus bimaculatus''） | taxon = Gryllidae | authority = [[Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting|Laicharting]], 1781<ref name=OSF>{{cite web |url=http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1121520 |title=''Family Gryllidae'' (Laicharting, 1781) |work=Orthoptera Species File |accessdate=2015-05-14 |archive-date=2021-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508022822/http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1121520 |dead-url=no }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = [[亚科]] | subdivision = * [[蛄蟋亞科]] Eneopterinae * [[蟋蟀亞科]] Gryllinae * [[針蟪亞科]] Nemobiinae * [[樹蟋亞科]] Oecanthinae * [[金鐘亞科]] Phalangopsinae * Podoscirtinae * Pteroplistinae * Trigonidiinae | synonyms = {{genus list |Gryllides | |Gryllites dubius |Germar, 1842 |Gryllites vocalis |Cockerell, 1936 |Gryllus troglodytes |Heer, 1865 |Nemobius troglodytes (Heer, 1864)}} }} '''{{zy|蟋|xī|ㄒㄧ|sik1}}{{zy|蟀|shuài|ㄕㄨㄞˋ|seot1}}'''，又称'''促织'''、'''{{zy|蛐|qū|ㄑㄩ|kuk1}}{{zy|蛐|qu|˙ㄑㄩ|kuk1}}{{zy|儿|r|ㄦ|ji4}}'''、'''蟋蟀欸'''、'''蟀子'''、'''{{zy|{{僻字|𧉍|⿰-{虫}-尐}}|jí|ㄐㄧˊ|zik1}}'''（{{標音|同音字=即}}）、'''{{zy|蜻|jīng|ㄐㄧㄥ|zing1}}{{zy|蛚|liè|ㄌㄧㄝˋ|lit6}}'''（{{標音|同音字=精列}}）<ref name="神采飞扬斗“蹔𧉆”"/>、'''-{蹔}-{{僻字|𧉆|⿰-{虫}-龰}}'''<ref name="神采飞扬斗“蹔𧉆”">{{Cite web |url =http://xmwb.xinmin.cn/xmwb/html/2012-09/19/content_36_1.htm |title =神采飞扬斗“蹔𧉆” |author =蒋宗孚 |date =2012-09-19 |publisher =新民晚報 |language = |accessdate =2014-08-19 |format = |quote =蹔𧉆【she jik】。蹔，《玉篇》走部才滥切：“蹔，超忽而疾也。𧉆，《广韵》入声质韵资悉切：“蹔𧉆，蜻蛚别名。《诗经·唐风》疏：“蟋蟀，一名蜻蛚。” |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20210102153331/http://xmwb.xinmin.cn/xmwb/html/2012-09/19/content_36_1.htm |archivedate =2021-01-02 |dead-url =no }}</ref>，是[[直翅目]][[昆虫]]的一[[科 (生物)|科]]，啮食植物茎叶、种实和根部，都是农业害虫。[[身体]]黑色至褐色，[[头部]]有长[[触角]]，[[后腿]]粗大善跳跃，后腿极具爆发力。其[[雄性]]好争斗，两[[翅膀|翅]][[摩擦]]能发出聲響。以[[昼伏夜出]]的为多，生性孤僻，通常一穴一虫，发情期，雄虫才招揽雌蟋蟀同居一穴。为了方便听到公蟋蟀的求偶鳴聲，蟋蟀具有位于前脚[[关节]]略下方的[[耳鼓]]。每种蟋蟀的鸣声不尽相同。牠們的叫聲是代表溫度<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pep.com.cn/xxkx/xxkxxs/tjtd/kxsy/200703/t20070316_351327.htm |title=蟋蟀温度表 - 人民教育出版社网，小学科学实验 |access-date=2010-09-25 |archive-date=2007-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109102518/http://www.pep.com.cn/xxkx/xxkxxs/tjtd/kxsy/200703/t20070316_351327.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>，雌虫不發声，俗称三尾子。全世界約有蟋蟀900多種，最普通的为中华蟋蟀，体长约20毫米。年生一代。 ==下级分类== 蟋蟀科包括以下属：<ref>{{cite web |title=Gryllidae |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/5925 |website=GBIF |accessdate=2023-07-05 |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401014155/https://www.gbif.org/species/5925 |dead-url=no }}</ref> {{common taxon list|italic=yes ||Abaxitrella |Gorochov, 2002 ||Abmisha |Otte, 1987 ||Acanthogryllus |Saussure, 1877 |甲蟋属 |Acanthoplistus |Saussure, 1877 ||Acheta |Fabricius, 1775 ||Achetomorpha |Gorochov, 2019 ||Acophogryllus |Gorochov, 1996 ||Acroneuroptila |Baccetti, 1960 ||Acrophonus |Bolívar, 1910 ||Adenophallusia de |Mello & de Camargo E Mello, 1996 ||Adenopterus |Chopard, 1951 ||Aenigmaphonus |Gorochov, 2010 ||Afroteleogryllus |Gorochov, 1988 ||Afrotruljalia |Gorochov, 2005 ||Agnotecous |Saussure, 1878 ||Agryllus |Gorochov, 1994 ||Ahldreva |Otte, 1988 ||Ajorama |Otte, 1988 ||Allogryllus |Chopard, 1925 ||Allopterites |Cockerell, 1920 ||Allotrella |Gorochov, 2006 ||Amblyrhethus |Kirby, 1906 ||Amnesibulus |Gorochov, 2003 ||Anaudus |Saussure, 1874 ||Andeogryllus |Cadena-Castañeda, 2021 ||Angolagryllus |Otte, 1994 ||Angustitrella |Gorochov, 2011 ||Anisotrypus |Saussure, 1878 ||Antillicharis |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Antillobinthus |Yong & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2020 ||Anurogryllus |Saussure, 1877 ||Apedina |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Apentacentrus |Chopard, 1934 ||Aphasius |Saussure, 1878 ||Aphemogryllus |Rehn, 1918 |长须蟋属 |Aphonoides |Chopard, 1940 ||Aphonomorphus |Rehn, 1903 ||Apiculatus |Yuan et al., 2022 ||Apiotarsoides |Chopard, 1931 ||Apiotarsus |Saussure, 1877 ||Apterocryncus |Gorochov, 1990 ||Apterogryllus |Saussure, 1877 ||Apterosvercus |Gorochov, 1992 ||Araripegryllus |Martins-Neto, 1987 ||Archenopterus |Otte, 1987 ||Arilpa |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Aritella |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Arrakis |Robillard, Tan & Su, 2024<ref name=He/> |静蟋属 |Asonicogryllus |He, 2019 ||Astriduleva |Gorochov, 2016 ||Astrupia |Otte, 1987 ||Asymmetriola |Gorochov, 2010 ||Atrella |Gorochov, 2003 ||Atruljalia |Gorochov, 1988 ||Atrullus |Gorochov, 2001 ||Atsigryllus |Cadena-Castañeda & Tíjaro, 2020 ||Avdrenia |Otte, 1988 ||Barota |Gorochov, 2017 ||Bejorama |Otte, 1988 |贝蟋属 |Beybienkoana |Gorochov, 1988 ||Birmanioecanthus |Yuan et al., 2022 ||Birubia |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Bofana |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Bornitara |Gorochov, 1997 ||Brachyteleogryllus |Gorokhov, 1985 ||Brachytrupes |Serville, 1838 ||Brasilodontus de |Mello, 1992 ||Brazitrypa |Gorochov, 2011 ||Brevimunda |Gorochov, 2007 ||Brevitrella |Gorochov, 2004 ||Brontogryllus |Martins-Neto, 1991 ||Buangina |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Burrianus |Chopard, 1962 |短翅蟋属 |Callogryllus |Sjöstedt, 1910 ||Calscirtus |Otte, 1987 ||Calyptotrella |Gorochov, 2002 |穴蟋属 |Calyptotrypus |Saussure, 1878 |毛蟋属 |Capillogryllus |Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003 |弯脉蟋属 |Cardiodactylus |Saussure, 1878 ||Carylla |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Cearacesa |Koçak & Kemal, 2010 ||Centuriarus |Robillard, 2011 ||Cephalogryllus |Chopard, 1925 ||Clearidas |Stål, 1876 ||Coiblemmus |Chopard, 1936 ||Comidoblemmus |Storozhenko & Paik, 2009 ||Conatrullus |Gorochov, 2001 ||Conoblemmus |Adelung, 1910 ||Conogryllus |Gorochov, 2001 |聋蟋属 |Cophogryllus |Saussure, 1877 ||Copholandrevus |Chopard, 1925 ||Corixogryllus |Bolívar, 1900 ||Cratogryllus |Martins-Neto, 1991 ||Creolandreva |Hugel, 2009 ||Crockeriola |Gorochov & Kostia, 1999 ||Cryncoides |Gorochov, 1988 ||Crynculus |Gorochov, 1996 ||Cryncus |Gorochov, 1983 ||Cylindrogryllus |Saussure, 1878 ||Cyrtoprosopus |Chopard, 1951 ||Cyrtoxipha |Saussure, 1873 ||Daintria |Otte, 1994 ||Damaracheta |Otte, 1987 ||Danielottea |Koçak & Kemal, 2009 ||Deinutona |Gorochov, 2008 ||Depressogryllus |Gorochov, 1988 ||Depressotrella |Gorochov, 2005 ||Diatrellius |Gorochov, 2003 ||Diatrypa |Saussure, 1874 ||Dicerorostrum |Gorochov, 2017 ||Dinomunda |Gorochov, 2007 ||Discoptila |Pantel, 1890 ||Discozacla |Gorokhov, 2003 ||Dolichogryllus |Bolívar, 1910 ||Doroshenkoa |Gorochov, 2004 ||Drelanvus |Chopard, 1930 |幽兰蟋属 |Duolandrevus |Kirby, 1906 ||Ectodrelanva |Gorochov, 2000 ||Ectotrypa |Saussure, 1874 ||Eleva |Otte, 1988 ||Endodrelanva |Gorochov, 2000 ||Endolandrevus |Saussure, 1877 ||Eneoptera |Burmeister, 1838 ||Eneopteroides |Chopard, 1956 ||Eneopterotrypus |Zeuner, 1937 ||Eogryllus |Gorochov, 2012 ||Eopentacentrus |Gorochov, 2010 ||Eubezverkhovia |Gorochov & Izerskyy, 2020 ||Eugialaia |Gorochov, 2001 ||Eugryllodes |Chopard, 1927 |优兰蟋属 |Eulandrevus |Gorochov, 1988 ||Eumadasumma |Chopard, 1934 ||Eumodicogryllus |Gorochov, 1986 ||Eupodoscirtus |Gorochov, 2004 ||Eurepa |Walker, 1869 ||Eurepella |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Eurygryllodes |Chopard, 1951 ||Euscyrtodes |Gorochov, 1987 |纤蟋属 |Euscyrtus |Guérin-Méneville, 1844 ||Exomunda |Gorochov, 2007 ||Faguagryllus |Cadena-Castañeda, 2011 ||Fanzus |Zessin, 2019 ||Fijina |Otte, 1988 ||Fodigryllus |He, 2022 ||Fryerius |Uvarov, 1940 ||Furcimunda |Gorochov, 2007 ||Furcitrella |Gorochov, 2002 ||Ganoblemmus |Karsch, 1893 ||Gialaia |Gorochov, 1994 ||Gigagryllus |Cadena-Castañeda & García García, 2020 ||Ginidra |Otte, 1988 ||Glandulosa |Harz, 1979 ||Gnominthus |Robillard & Vicente, 2015 |哑蟋属 |Goniogryllus |Chopard, 1936 ||Grossoxipha |Vickery & Poinar Jr., 1994 ||Gryllaphonus |Chopard, 1951 ||Gryllapterus |Bolívar, 1912 ||Gryllidium |Westwood, 1854 ||Gryllita |Hebard, 1935 ||Gryllitara |Chopard, 1932 ||Gryllodeicus |Chopard, 1939 ||Grylloderes |Bolívar, 1894 |灶蟋属 |Gryllodes |Saussure, 1874 ||Gryllodinus |Bolívar, 1927 ||Gryllomimus |Chopard, 1936 ||Gryllomorpha |Fieber, 1853 ||Gryllomorphella |Gorokhov, 1984 ||Gryllophyllus |Gorochov, 2017 |干蟋属 |Gryllopsis |Chopard, 1928 ||Gryllospeculum |Gorochov, 1985 |蟋蟀属 |Gryllus |Linnaeus, 1758 |裸蟋属 |Gymnogryllus |Saussure, 1877 ||Hapithoides |Hebard, 1928 ||Hapithus |Uhler, 1864 ||Hemigryllus |Saussure, 1877 ||Hemilandreva |Chopard, 1936 ||Hemiphonoides |Chopard, 1951 ||Hemiphonus |Saussure, 1878 ||Hemitrella |Gorochov, 2003 ||Hemitruljalia |Gorochov, 2005 ||Hemitrullus |Gorochov, 2001 ||Heterecous |Saussure, 1897 ||Hispanogryllus |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Holoblemmus |Bolívar, 1925 ||Homaloblemmus |Saussure, 1877 ||Homalogryllus |Chopard, 1925 ||Homalotrypus |Brancsik, 1895 ||Hymenoptila |Chopard, 1943 ||Idiotrella |Gorochov, 2002 ||Indigryllus |Robillard & Jaiswara, 2019 ||Indotrella |Gorochov, 2003 ||Insulascirtus |Otte & Rentz, 1985 |额蟋属 |Itara |Walker, 1869 ||Itarogryllus |Gorochov, 2020 ||Itaropsis |Chopard, 1925 ||Jabulania |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Jarawasia |Koçak & Kemal, 2008 ||Jareta |Otte, 1988 ||Jorama |Otte, 1988 ||Julverninthus |Robillard & Su, 2018 ||Kazuemba de |Mello, 1990 ||Kilimagryllus |Sjöstedt, 1910 ||Knyella |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Kotama |Otte, 1988 ||Kurtguentheria |Gorochov, 1996 ||Laminogryllus |Gorochov, 2003 |兰蟋属 |Landreva |Walker, 1869 ||Lasiogryllus |Chopard, 1930 ||Laurellia |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Laureopsis |Jaiswara, 2017 ||Laurepa |Walker, 1869 |雷蟋属 |Lebinthus |Stål, 1877 ||Lebussa |Walker, 1869 ||Leleja |Gorochov, 2016 ||Lenigryllus |Chopard, 1961 ||Lepidogryllus |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Leptogryllus |Perkins, 1899 ||Liaonemobius |Ren, 1998 ||Ligypterus |Saussure, 1878 ||Liogryllus |de Saussure, 1877 ||Lissoblemmus |Bolivar, 1881 ||Lissotrachelus |Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 ||Lithogryllites |Cockerell, 1908 ||Litogryllus |Hebard, 1926 ||Loxoblemmus |Saussure, 1877 ||Macrobinthus |Robillard & Dong, 2016 ||Macrogryllus |Saussure, 1877 ||Macroteleogryllus |Gorokhov, 1985 |玛玳蟋属 |Madasumma |Walker, 1869 ||Majialandrevus |He, 2021 ||Malawitrella |Gorochov, 2021 ||Malgasotrella |Gorochov, 2004 ||Maluagryllus |Otte, 1994 ||Margarettia |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Matuanus |Gorochov, 1986 ||Maxitara |Gorochov, 2001 ||Mayumbella |Otte, 1987 ||Megalogryllus |Chopard, 1930 ||Megatrella |Gorochov, 2002 |黑蟋属 |Melanogryllus |Chopard, 1961 ||Mellogryllus |Cadena-Castañeda, Tavares & Fernandes, 2022 ||Menatgryllus |Schubnel, Desutter-Grandcolas, Garrouste, Hervet & Nel, 2020 ||Menonia |George, 1936 ||Meristoblemmus |Jones & Chopard, 1936 ||Merrinella |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Mesoblemmus |Bolivar, 1925 ||Mexigryllus |Gorochov, 2019 ||Mexitrypa |Gorochov, 2011 ||Micritara |Gorochov, 1997 ||Microbinthus |Robillard & Dong, 2016 ||Microlandreva |Chopard, 1958 ||Mimicogryllus |Gorochov, 1994 ||Minizacla |Gorokhov, 2003 ||Miogryllae |Cadena-Castaneda & Garcia Garcia, 2020 ||Miogryllus |Saussure, 1877 ||Mirigryllus |He, 2019 ||Miripella |Robillard, Tan & Su, 2024<ref name=He>Shilin He, You Ning Su, Ming Kai Tan, Andreas Zwick, Ben H. Warren and Tony Robillard. 2024. Museomics, Molecular Phylogeny and Systematic Revision of the Eurepini Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Eneopterinae), with Description of Two New Genera. Systematic Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12622</ref> ||Mirolotmia |Gorochov, 2021 ||Mistshenkoana |Gorochov, 1990 |素蟋属 |Mitius |Gorochov, 1985 ||Mitroblemmus |Bolivar, 1925 ||Mjobergella |Chopard, 1925 |阔胫蟋属 |Mnesibulus |Stål, 1877 |姬蟋属 |Modicogryllus |Chopard, 1961 ||Modicoides |Otte & Cade, 1984 ||Mombasina |Otte, 1987 ||Mongolospeculum |Gorochov, 1985 |美黛蟋属 |Munda |Stål, 1877 ||Mundeicus |Chopard, 1951 ||Myara |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Najtaecesa |Desutter-Grandcolas, 2017 ||Nanaripegryllus |Martins-Neto, 2002 ||Natalogryllus |Gorochov & Mostovski, 2008 ||Nemobiodes |Chopard, 1917 ||Nemobiopsis |Bolívar, 1890 |新灶蟋属 |Neogryllodes |Otte, 1994 ||Neogryllopsis |Otte, 1983 ||Neotrellius |Gorochov, 1992 ||Neova |Otte, 1988 ||Neoxabea |Kirby, 1906 ||Neozvenella |Gorochov, 2004 ||Nessa |Walker, 1869 ||Ngamarlanguia |Rentz & Su, 1996 |墨蟋属 |Nigrogryllus |Gorochov, 1983 ||Nimbagryllus |Otte, 1987 ||Nisitrus |Saussure, 1878 ||Noctitara |Gorochov, 1997 ||Noctitrella |Gorochov, 1990 ||Notosciobia |Chopard, 1915 ||Ocellonemobius |Gorokhov, 1984 ||Odontogryllodes |Chopard, 1969 * ''Odontogryllodes angulatus'' Gorochov, 2016 * ''Odontogryllodes brevicauda'' Chopard, 1969 * ''Odontogryllodes gratus'' Tan & Kamaruddin, 2016 * ''Odontogryllodes latus'' Chopard, 1969 * ''Odontogryllodes magnus'' Tan, Japir & Chung, 2024<ref>Ming Kai Tan, Amira Aqilah Muhammad, Nurul Ashikin Abdullah, Razy Japir and Arthur Y.C. Chung. 2024. A Taxonomic Review of Odontogryllodes Chopard, 1969 (Gryllidae: Landrevinae). Zootaxa. 5410(2); 267-279. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5410.2.7</ref> * ''Odontogryllodes rotundatus'' Gorochov, 2016 * ''Odontogryllodes spinifer'' Tan, Japir, Chung & Robillard, 2022 * ''Odontogryllodes stenus'' Gorochov, 2000 ||Odontogryllus |Saussure, 1877 ||Oecanthodes |Toms & Otte, 1988 ||Oecanthus |Serville, 1831 ||Oediblemmus |Saussure, 1898 ||Oligacheta |Chopard, 1961 ||Ombrotrella |Gorochov, 2006 ||Omogryllus |Otte, 1987 ||Ontogryllus |Gorochov, 2019 ||Oreolandreva |Chopard, 1945 ||Orthoxiphus |Saussure, 1899 ||Osus |Gorokhov, 1987 ||Otteana |Gorochov, 1990 ||Ovaliptila |Gorochov, 2006 ||Ovaloptila |Gorochov, 2006 ||Pachyaphonus |Chopard, 1954 ||Papava |Otte, 1988 ||Paputona |Gorochov, 2008 ||Paralandrevus |Saussure, 1877 ||Paraloxoblemmus |Karny, 1907 ||Parametioche |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Parametrypa |Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1873 ||Paranaudus |Saussure, 1878 ||Paranaxipha |Chopard, 1925 ||Paranisitra |Chopard, 1925 ||Paranurogryllus |Mesa & García-Novo, 1999 |拟长蟋属 |Parapentacentrus |Shiraki, 1930 ||Paraphasius |Chopard, 1927 ||Paraphonus |Hebard, 1928 ||Parasciobia |Chopard, 1935 ||Parasongella |Otte, 1987 ||Paroecanthus |Saussure, 1859 ||Patiscodes |Gorochov, 1988 |长额蟋属 |Patiscus |Stål, 1877 ||Peltia |Gorochov, 1986 ||Pendleburyella |Chopard, 1969 * ''Pendleburyella eirmosa'' Tan, Muhammad & Wahab, 2023 * ''Pendleburyella eremita'' Tan, Japir & Chung, 2024<ref>Ming Kai Tan, Razy Japir and Arthur Y.C. Chung. 2024. New Species of the elusive crickets from the Genus Pendleburyella Chopard, 1969 (Gryllidae, Pentacentrinae) from Sabah, Borneo. Zootaxa. 5397(2); 264-272. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.2.7</ref> * ''Pendleburyella pimela'' Tan, Muhammad & Wahab, 2023 * ''Pendleburyella testacea'' Chopard, 1969 * ''Pendleburyella vicina'' Chopard, 1969 ||Pentacentrodes |Bolívar, 1910 |长蟋属 |Pentacentrus |Saussure, 1878 ||Peratrullus |Gorochov, 2001 ||Perugryllus |Jaiswara, 2017 ||Perutrella |Gorochov, 2011 ||Petaloptila |Pantel, 1890 ||Pezoloxoblemmus |Karny, 1907 ||Phaephilacris | ||Phantazacla |Gorokhov, 2003 ||Pherodactylus |Poinar Jr., Su & Brown, 2020 ||Pholeogryllus |Chopard, 1923 |音蟋属 |Phonarellus |Gorochov, 1983 ||Phormincter |Saussure, 1878 ||Phyllogryllus |Saussure, 1878 |叶蟋属 |Phyllotrella |Gorochov, 1988 ||Picinguaba |Mello, 1990 ||Pictonenbius | ||Pictorina |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Pixibinthus |Robillard & Anso, 2016 ||Pixipterus |Desutter-Grandcolas, 2016 ||Platyblemmus |Audinet-Serville, 1838 ||Platygryllus |Chopard, 1961 |铂蟋属 |Plebeiogryllus |Randell, 1964 |雨蟋属 |Pluviam |He, Ma & Zhang, 2021 ||Podogryllus |Karsch, 1893 ||Podoscirtodes |Chopard, 1956 ||Podoscirtus |Serville, 1838 ||Poliogryllus |Gorochov, 1984 ||Poliotrella |Gorochov, 1988 ||Ponca |Hebard, 1928 ||Posus |Bolívar, 1890 ||Proanaxipha |Vickery & Poinar Jr., 1994 ||Proararipegryllus |Gorochov & Coram, 2022 ||Prodiatrypa |Desutter-Grandcolas, 1988 ||Proecanthus |Sharov, 1968 ||Proeneopterotrypus |Gorochov, 2019 ||Prognathogryllus |Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 ||Progoniogryllus |Ma, Jing & Zheng, 2021 ||Prolandreva |Gorochov, 2005 ||Pronemobius |Scudder, 1890 ||Protomunda |Gorochov, 2007 ||Proturana |Otte, 1987 ||Prozvenella |Gorochov, 2002 ||Pseudocoiblemmus |Gorochov, 2001 ||Pseudolebinthus |Robillard, 2006 |伪玛玳蟋属 |Pseudomadasumma |Shiraki, 1930 ||Pseudotruljalia |Gorochov, 2005 ||Pseudounka |Gorochov, 2008 |秦蟋属 |Qingryllus |Chen & Zheng, 1995 ||Regoza |Gorochov & Kostia, 1999 ||Repapa |Otte, 1988 ||Rhabdotogryllus |Chopard, 1954 ||Riatina |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Rufocephalus |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Rugabinthus |Robillard & Tan, 2022 ||Rupilius |Stål, 1876 ||Sabelo |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Salmanites |Chopard, 1951 ||Scapsipedoides |Chopard, 1936 ||Scapsipedus |Saussure, 1877 ||Scepastus |Gerstaecker, 1863 ||Sciobia |Burmeister, 1838 |铁蟋属 |Sclerogryllus |Gorochov, 1985 ||Selvagryllus |Otte, 2006 ||Semaphorellus |Gorochov, 1983 ||Sharovella |Gorochov, 1985 ||Siccotrella |Gorochov, 2011 ||Sigagryllus |Otte & Cade, 1984 ||Sigeva |Otte, 1988 ||Singapuriola |Gorochov & Tan, 2012 ||Singitara |Gorochov, 1997 ||Sipho |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Solepa |Otte, 1988 ||Somnambula |Gorochov, 2017 ||Songella |Otte, 1987 |隐蟋属 |Sonotrella |Gorochov, 1988 ||Sphecogryllus |Chopard, 1933 ||Spinogryllus |Vasanth, 1993 ||Spinolandrevus |Gorochov, 1999 ||Spinotrella |Gorochov, 2004 ||Spiraphonus |Gorochov, 2010 ||Squamigryllus |Gorochov, 2001 ||Stenaphonus |Saussure, 1878 ||Stenoecanthus |Chopard, 1912 ||Stenogryllodes |Chopard, 1936 ||Stenogryllus |Saussure, 1878 ||Stenotrella |Gorochov, 2005 ||Stephoblemmus |Saussure, 1877 ||Stilbogryllus |Gorochov, 1983 ||Stilbonemobius |Gorochov, 1984 ||Striduleva |Gorochov, 2016 ||Sulawemina |Gorochov, 2016 ||Surdolandrevus |Gorochov, 2003 ||Sutepia |Otte, 1988 ||Svercacheta |Gorochov, 1993 ||Svercoides |Gorochov, 1990 ||Svercus |Gorochov, 1988 ||Swezwilderia |Chopard, 1929 ||Taciturna |Otte, 1987 ||Tafalisca |Walker, 1869 ||Tamborina |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Tapinopus |Saussure, 1878 |大蟋属 |Tarbinskiellus |Gorochov, 1983 ||Taroba de |Mello & Souza-Dias, 2010 |悍蟋属 |Tartarogryllus |Tarbinsky, 1940 |油葫蘆屬 |Teleogryllus |Chopard, 1961 ||Thaumatogryllus |Perkins, 1899 ||Thiernogryllus |Roy, 1969 ||Thliptoblemmus |Saussure, 1898 ||Titanogryllus |Jaiswara, Souza-Dias, Desutter-Grandcolas & de Mello, 2018 ||Tozeria |Otte & Alexander, 1983 |碲蟋属 |Trelleora |Gorochov, 1988 ||Trichogryllus |Chopard, 1936 ||Trigonidomimus |Caudell, 1912 |片蟋属 |Truljalia |Gorochov, 1985 ||Trullus |Gorochov, 1999 ||Tugainus |Gorochov, 1986 ||Tumpalia |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Turana |Otte & Alexander, 1983 |特蟋属 |Turanogryllus |Tarbinsky, 1940 | |Tympanogryllus |Gorochov, 2001 ||Ultratrella |Gorochov, 2004 ||Umbulgaria |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Unka |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Utona |Gorochov, 1986 ||Valchica de |Mello, 1992 |维蟋属 |Valiatrella |Gorochov, 2005 ||Varitrella |Gorochov, 2003 ||Vasilia |Gorochov, 1988 ||Velapia |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 |斗蟋属 |Velarifictorus |Randell, 1964 ||Veredatrypa |Campos, 2020 ||Vescelotrellius |Gorochov, 1999 ||Vietacheta |Gorochov, 1992 ||Viphyus |Otte, 1988 ||Walkerana |Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 ||Xabea |Walker, 1869 |金蟋属 |Xenogryllus |Bolívar, 1890 ||Xuanwua |He & Gorochov, 2015 ||Xulavuna de |Mello & Campos, 2014 ||Yarrita |Otte & Alexander, 1983 ||Yarrubura de |Mello & Campos, 2014 ||Zamunda |Gorochov, 2007 ||Zatrellius |Gorochov, 1999 ||Zebragryllus |Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 |茨尾蟋属 |Zvenella |Gorochov, 1988 ||Zvenellomorpha |Gorochov, 2004 }} == 與蝗蟲、螽斯的分別 == 蟋蟀與[[蝗蟲]]、[[螽斯科|螽斯]]皆為直翅目昆蟲，蟈蟈是指螽斯，蛐蛐是指蟋蟀，但體態仍有不同之處： * 蝗蟲的觸角最短，螽斯的觸角又比蟋蟀更長。螽斯的觸角長度甚至比身體更長。 * 蟋蟀和螽斯是依靠翅膀的摩擦發聲。但蟋蟀右翅疊在左翅上，螽斯左翅往往疊在右翅上面。蝗蟲則以其後腿摩擦翅膀發出聲音。 * 蝗蟲和螽斯生活於草地、草叢間，有綠色和褐色二種，蟋蟀生活於地面石礫間，顏色趨於暗褐色。 == 文化 == [[File:Cricket cages gourd and ivory 18th-19th centuries CE Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 CE) Beijing China.jpg|thumb|[[清朝|清]]製蛐蛐壺]] 中國有把蟋蟀作为[[宠物]]养在小笼子裡的文化，在[[西班牙]]、[[葡萄牙]]亦然，南宋《西湖老人繁盛录》载：“促织盛出，都民好养，或以银丝为笼，或作楼台为笼，……”。更有人用蟋蟀作为其他[[食肉目|食肉类动物]]的[[饲料]]。 中國最早有《[[詩經]]》“十月蟋蟀，入我床下”的描寫。在[[中国]]等国家流行[[鬥蟋蟀]]为樂，唐朝《[[开元天宝遗事]]》记载：“宫中秋兴，妃妾辈皆以小金笼贮蟋蟀，置于枕畔，夜听其声，庶民之家亦效之”。[[顧逢]]《负曝杂录·禽虫善斗》条云： “父老传：斗蛩亦始于天宝间。长安富人镂象牙为笼而畜之。以万金之资，付之一啄。其来远矣。”。宋朝宰相[[賈似道]]整日和群妾蹲跪在地上鬥蟋蟀，《[[類書纂要]]》曰：“賈似道於半閒堂鬥蟋蟀。”更荒唐者賈還帶蟋蟀上朝議政，甚至曾經發生蟋蟀自賈水袖內跳出，最後竟跳黏到皇帝鬍鬚上鬧劇；[[賈似道]]還編寫了一本「促織經」<ref>喻长霖《民国台州府志·艺文略》（卷七十三）载：“《促织经》，宋贾似道撰。似道有《奇奇集》，已著录是书。见《千顷堂书目》及倪灿《宋史·艺文略补》。”</ref>，講述自己養蟋蟀和[[鬥蟋蟀]]的經驗，《促织三拗》云：“赢叫输不叫，一也；雌上雄背，二也；过蜑有力，三也。”，昆虫学史专家邹树文稱：“这个对于蟋蟀交配习性的发现不论其是宋或明，其记述之早均可称述。”<ref>《中国昆虫学史》147页</ref>《促织经》也是世界研究蟋蟀的第一部專著<ref>周琦：〈《促织经》：世界第一部关于蟋蟀研究的昆虫学专著〉</ref>。 明朝鬥蟋蟀的風氣最盛，宣宗[[朱瞻基]]時家家戶戶皆捕養促織，鬥促織場也比比皆是。[[沈德符]]《万历野获编》载：“吴越浪子，有酷此戏，每赌胜负，辄数百金，至有破家者”。[[吕毖]]《[[s:明朝小史|明朝小史]]》记清秋吟蟋蟀，早闻物华两个黄鹂鸣“宣宗酷爱促织之戏，遣使取之偶之意，又是博物史不记其斗蟋江南，价贵至数十金。枫桥一粮等等。贾似道华博之有人”。 清朝[[蒲松齡]]所寫《促織》為宣德皇帝尋蟋蟀；[[王應奎]]《柳南續筆》卷一《蟋蟀相公》條稱：「[[馬士英]]在弘光朝，為人極似賈積壑，其聲色貨利無一不同。羽書倉皇，猶以鬥蟋蟀為戲，一時目為『蟋蟀相公』。」 當代[[熊召政]]的《張居正》第二十九回曾以大量的篇幅描寫當時的盛況，並提到調養之法：“用籬落上斷節蟲，再配上扁擔蟲，一起烘乾研和餵之，再用薑汁濃茶配以銅壺中浸過三日的童便作為飲品，如此調養七日，黑寡婦仍驍勇如初”。 还有地方将生蟋蟀当作小吃供人食用。在[[泰国]]、[[柬埔寨]]等国家，也有将蟋蟀用油炸的烹饪方式制成食品。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2007-06-25/09321580619.shtml |title=柬埔寨人把蟋蟀当作头等小吃(图)，新浪网 |access-date=2010-09-25 |archive-date=2021-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508022852/http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2007-06-25/09321580619.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cn.wsj.com/gb/20100923/ahd081255.asp |title=昆虫食客 - 华尔街日报专栏文章 |accessdate=2010-09-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925202820/http://cn.wsj.com/gb/20100923/ahd081255.asp |archivedate=2010-09-25 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> 中國大陸一些城市有專門的蟋蟀協會，組織鬥蟋大賽。 [[台灣]]的[[臺南市]][[新化區]]豐榮里，當地居民每年都會利用學校放暑假時，舉辦熱鬧的「鬥蟋蟀」大賽。 蟋蟀也是肉食性兩爬和寵物鳥的主食。 == 蟋蟀書籍 == * 《促織經》宋，[[賈似道]]（原著今不傳，現在見到的是明人周履靖的續增本。詳細地介紹了捕捉、收買、餵養、鬥勝、醫傷、治病、繁殖等方法。） * 《畜促織》明，[[袁宏道]] * 《促織志》明，劉侗著 * 《促織經》清，金文錦 * 《蟋蟀秘要》清，石蓮 * 《蟋蟀譜》清，朱翠庭輯 * 《促織經》清，金六（音伊）廠刪定 * 《蚟孫鑒》清，朱從延纂輯、林德垓、莊樂耕重訂 * 《蟋蟀譜》近代，李文翀，1930年出版 * 《蟋蟀譜》近代，李石孫、徐元禮，1930年出版（全書十二卷，盆圖一卷，卷首一卷，譜十卷。） == 参考资料 == <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==參考文獻== {{ReflistH}} * {{Cite journal|last=Gorochov|first=Andrej V.|last2=Mostovski|first2=Mike B.|date=2008-06|title=Apterous Crickets of the Tribe Gryllini from South Africa and Namibia (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)|url=https://bioone.org/journals/african-invertebrates/volume-49/issue-1/afin.049.0103/Apterous-Crickets-of-the-Tribe-Gryllini-from-South-Africa-and/10.5733/afin.049.0103.full|journal=African Invertebrates|volume=49|issue=1|doi=10.5733/afin.049.0103|issn=1681-5556|page=109-121|access-date=2022-11-12|archive-date=2022-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112084306/https://bioone.org/journals/african-invertebrates/volume-49/issue-1/afin.049.0103/Apterous-Crickets-of-the-Tribe-Gryllini-from-South-Africa-and/10.5733/afin.049.0103.full|dead-url=no}} * {{Cite book|title=Insect Musicians & Cricket Champions: A Cultural History of Singing Insects in China and Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=25M5mMH4qfQC|publisher=China Books|date=1996|isbn=978-0-8351-2576-5|language=en|first=Lisa Gail|last=Ryan}} * {{Cite book|title=Cricket Behavior and Neurobiology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAP2LkQV0X0C&hl=zh-CN|publisher=Cornell University Press|date=1989|isbn=978-0-8014-2272-0|language=en|first=Franz|last=Huber|first2=Thomas Edwin|last2=Moore|first3=Werner|last3=Loher|access-date=2022-11-12|archive-date=2022-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112084325/https://books.google.com/books?id=nAP2LkQV0X0C&hl=zh-CN|dead-url=no}} {{ReflistF}} == 外部連結 == {{Commons category|Gryllidae}} {{wikispecies|Gryllidae}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100214041537/http://tour.tainan.gov.tw/festival.aspx?sn=208 台南縣政府觀光旅遊網「新化鬥蟋蟀」] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100817235803/http://en.ird.fr/the-media-library/videos-on-line-canal-ird/a-manipulative-parasite/a-manipulative-parasite The cricket suicide] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120406133724/http://www.the-piedpiper.co.uk/th2f.htm Intro on house crickets] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081222061610/http://buzz.ifas.ufl.edu/ Singing Insects of North America] An online field guide * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/crickets/Adomest.html house cricket]{{Wayback|url=http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/crickets/Adomest.html |date=20101203062036 }} on the [[佛罗里达大学|UF]] / {{tsl|en|Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS}} Featured Creatures Web site * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/crickets/Gsigilla.html tropical house cricket]{{Wayback|url=http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/crickets/Gsigilla.html |date=20100715192432 }} on the [[佛罗里达大学|UF]] / {{tsl|en|Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS}} Featured Creatures Web site * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/crickets/Gryllus.html field crickets, ''Gryllus'' spp.]{{Wayback|url=http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/crickets/Gryllus.html |date=20100717183621 }} on the [[佛罗里达大学|UF]] / {{tsl|en|Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS}} Featured Creatures Web site * [http://whyfiles.org/296evolution/index.php?g=5.txt Web article: The recent evolution of a population of silent Hawaiian crickets]{{Wayback|url=http://whyfiles.org/296evolution/index.php?g=5.txt |date=20090226194219 }} WhyFiles.org * [http://www.berfrois.com/2011/03/tuning-in-to-cricket-radio/ "Tuning in to Cricket Radio"]{{Wayback|url=http://www.berfrois.com/2011/03/tuning-in-to-cricket-radio/ |date=20210508022926 }}, John Himmelman, ''[http://www.berfrois.com/ Berfrois]{{Wayback|url=http://www.berfrois.com/ |date=20110717195143 }}'' == 延伸阅读 == {{Wikisource further reading}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q47328}} [[Category:蟋蟀科| ]]
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