编辑“︁蒿属”︁

{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Artemisia abrotanum0.jpg
|image_caption = [[中亞苦蒿]]（{{Lang|la|''Artemisia abrotanum''}}）
|taxon = Artemisia
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]], 1753
|type_species = [[北艾]] ''Artemisia vulgaris''
|type_species_authority = L.
| synonyms = {{genus list
|Abrotanum |Duhamel
|Abrotanum |Mill., 1754
|Absinthium |Mill.
|Artanacetum |(Rzazade) Rzazade
|Artemisiastrum |Rydb.
|Chamartemisia |Rydb.
|Draconia |Heist. ex Fabr.
|Dracunculus |Ledeb.
|Hydrophytum |Eschw.
|Oligosporus |Cass.
|Picrothamnus |Nutt.
|绢蒿属 Seriphidium |(Besser ex Less.) Fourr.
|Sphaeromeria |Nutt.
|Vesicarpa |Rydb.}}
}}

'''{{zy|蒿|hāo|ㄏㄠ|hou1}}属'''（[[学名]]：{{Lang|la|''Artemisia''}}）又名'''艾属'''，古亦称「'''{{zy|菻|lǐn|ㄌㄧㄣˇ|lam4}}'''」（蒿类植物的总称），是[[菊科]]中一个大[[属]]，约有200—400[[种]]，其中包括许多种常见的[[药草]]，以1、2年生[[草本植物]]为主，多有浓烈的香味，葉上多具白色絨毛。蒿属主要生长在[[亚洲]]和[[欧洲]]以及[[北美洲]]，少数分布在非洲北部和大洋洲地区，纬度跨度大，在温带、寒温带及亚热带地区均有分布。

== 名稱來源 ==
學名 Artemisia 來源於古希臘女神[[阿耳忒弥斯]]。<ref>{{Cite book|title=Shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles. Volume 1, A-M|url=http://archive.org/details/shorteroxfordeng0001unse_b7h4|publisher=Oxford, England : Oxford University Press|date=2007|isbn=978-0-19-920687-2|page=3804}}</ref>亦有說法指於公元前 350 年間去世的一名著名植物學家、醫學研究者[[阿爾特米西亞二世]]。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Artemisinin|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/7/ET-2007_article.htm|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|date=2014-06|issn=1080-6040|volume=20|issue=7|doi=10.3201/eid2007.ET2007|access-date=2025-11-28|page=1217}}</ref>

== 部分物種 ==
本属包括以下物种：
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
|鹼蒿 |Artemisia abrotanum |
|中亞苦蒿 |Artemisia absinthium |
|東北絲裂蒿 |Artemisia adamsii |
|黃花蒿 |Artemisia annua |
|奇蒿 |Artemisia anomala |S. Moore<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Yang |first3=Qin-Er |title=Clarification of some morphological characters in Artemisia anomala (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of var. tomentella and var. acuminatissima to the synonymy of the species |url=https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.520.1.4 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |date=2021-09-13 |volume=520 |issue=1 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.520.1.4 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28 |page=57–74 |archive-date=2025-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905220530/https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.520.1.4 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* [[尾尖奇蒿]] ''Artemisia anomala'' var. ''acuminatissima'' Y. R. Ling<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jiao |first=Bohan |last2=Zhang |first2=Guojin |last3=Nie |first3=Bao |last4=Dong |first4=Xiaoyu |last5=Gao |first5=Tiangang |title=Validation of the name Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) |url=https://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.273.3.10 |journal=Phytotaxa |date=2016-09-09 |volume=273 |issue=3 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.273.3.10 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28 |page=331–332 |archive-date=2024-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828134726/https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.273.3.10 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|沙篙 |Artemisia arenaria |，沙蒿
|艾草 |Artemisia argyi |
|銀葉蒿 |Artemisia argyrophylla |
|褐頭蒿 |Artemisia aschurbajewii |
|銀蒿 |Artemisia austriaca |
|巴爾古津蒿 |Artemisia bargusinensis |
||Artemisia brevis |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Yang |first3=Qin-Er |title=The identity of Artemisia brevis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Xinjiang, China |url=https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.543.1.7 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |date=2022-04-08 |volume=543 |issue=1 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.543.1.7 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28|page=73–81}}</ref>
|矮叢蒿 |Artemisia caespitosa |
||Artemisia calcicola |X.Q.Guo & L.Wang<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Cheng-Sheng |last2=Chi |first2=Xiao-Rui |last3=Guo |first3=Xin-Qiang |last4=Wang |first4=Long |title=Artemisia calcicola (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new species from karst region in Guizhou, southwestern China |url=https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/96203/ |journal=PhytoKeys |date=2022-11-16 |volume=213 |doi=10.3897/phytokeys.213.96203 |issn=1314-2003 |pmc=9836503 |pmid=36762250 |access-date=2025-11-28|page=161-167}}</ref>
|荒野蒿 |Artemisia campestris |
|茵蔯蒿 |Artemisia capillaris |
|青蒿 |Artemisia carvifolia |
|蛔蒿 |Artemisia cina |
|纖杆蒿 |Artemisia demissa |
|中亞草原蒿 |Artemisia depauperata |
|龍蒿 |Artemisia dracunculus |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |title=Second-step lectotypification of the Linnaean name Artemisia dracunculus (Asteraceae-Anthemideae) |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12225-022-10069-6 |journal=Kew Bulletin |language=en |date=2022-12 |volume=77 |issue=4 |doi=10.1007/s12225-022-10069-6 |issn=0075-5974 |access-date=2025-11-28|page=983–985}}</ref>
|牛尾蒿 |Artemisia dubia |Wall. ex Besser, 1834
|垂叶蒿 |Artemisia flaccida |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Yang |first3=Qin-Er |title=Artemisia flaccida (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is merged with A. fulgens, with transfer of A. flaccida var. meiguensis to A. fulgens |url=https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.514.3.3 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |date=2021-08-17 |volume=514 |issue=3 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.514.3.3 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28 |page=221–237 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708193457/https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.514.3.3 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|綠櫛齒葉蒿 |Artemisia freyniana |
|冷蒿 |Artemisia frigida |
|亮綠蒿 |Artemisia glabella |Kar. & Kir., 1841，为''Artemisia obtusiloba'' var. ''glabra'' Ledeb.的异名
|細裂葉蓮蒿 |Artemisia gmelinii |Weber ex Stechm., 1775
|纖細絹蒿 |Artemisia gracilescens |Krasch. & Iljin， 1949
|鹽蒿 |Artemisia halodendron |Turcz. ex Besser， 1835
|五月艾 |Artemisia indica |Willd.， 1803
|尖裂叶蒿 |Artemisia incisa |Pamp.
|柳葉蒿 |Artemisia integrifolia |L., 1753
|牡蒿 |Artemisia japonica |Kitam., 1940
||Artemisia kargilensis |L. Ali, A. A. Khuroo & A. H. Ganie, 2023<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ali |first=Liyaqat |last2=Khuroo |first2=Anzar Ahmad |last3=Ganie |first3=Aijaz Hassan |last4=Islam |first4=Tajamul |title=Artemisia kargilensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Ladakh (Trans-Himalaya), India |url=http://e-kjpt.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.11110/kjpt.2023.53.4.294 |journal=Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy |language=en |date=2023-12-31 |volume=53 |issue=4 |doi=10.11110/kjpt.2023.53.4.294 |issn=1225-8318 |access-date=2025-11-28 |page=294-300 |archive-date=2025-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622234935/https://www.e-kjpt.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.11110/kjpt.2023.53.4.294 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|新疆絹蒿 |Artemisia kaschgarica |
|菴閭 |Artemisia keiskeana |
|掌裂蒿 |Artemisia kuschakewiczii |
|白苞蒿 |Artemisia lactiflora |
|白山蒿 |Artemisia lagocephala |
|寬葉蒿 |Artemisia latifolia |
|白葉蒿 |Artemisia leucophylla |
|濱海牡蒿 |Artemisia littoricola |
|細杆沙蒿 |Artemisia macilenta |
|亞洲大花蒿 |Artemisia macrantha |
|大花蒿 |Artemisia macrocephala |
|中亞旱蒿 |Artemisia marschalliana |
|尖櫛齒葉蒿 |Artemisia medioxima |
|墊型蒿 |Artemisia minor |
|蒙古蒿 |Artemisia mongolica |
|矮濱蒿 |Artemisia nakaii |
|西南圆头蒿 |Artemisia neosinensis |B. H. Jiao & T. G. Gao<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Yang |first3=Qin-Er |title=Clarification of morphological characters and geographical distribution of Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a strikingly misunderstood species from China |url=https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.544.1.2 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |date=2022-04-27 |volume=544 |issue=1 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.2 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28 |page=11–36 |archive-date=2025-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209095611/https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.544.1.2 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|玉山艾 |Artemisia niitakayamensis |
|南亞蒿 |Artemisia nilagirica |
|藏旱蒿 |Artemisia nortonii |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Yang |first3=Qin-Er |title=Rediscovery of Artemisia nortonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and clarification of its type locality and geographical distribution |url=https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.570.3.3 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |date=2022-10-28 |volume=570 |issue=3 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.3 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28|page=283–288}}</ref>
|鈍裂蒿 |Artemisia obtusiloba |
|川西腺毛蒿 |Artemisia occidentalisichuanensis |
|黑沙蒿 |Artemisia ordosica |
|滇東蒿 |Artemisia orientaliyunnanensis |
|光沙蒿 |Artemisia oxycephala |
|黑蒿 |Artemisia palustris |
|伊朗蒿 |Artemisia persica |
|纖梗蒿 |Artemisia pewzowii |
|褐苞蒿 |Artemisia phaeolepis |
|西北蒿 |Artemisia pontica |
|魁蒿 |Artemisia princeps |
|灰苞蒿 |Artemisia roxburghiana |
|紅足蒿 |Artemisia rubripes |
|岩蒿 |Artemisia rupestris |
|香葉蒿 |Artemisia rutifolia |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Yang |first3=Qin-Er |title=Lectotypification of Artemisia rutifolia var. ruoqiangensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) |url=https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.453.1.5 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |date=2020-07-20 |volume=453 |issue=1 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.453.1.5 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28 |page=49–51 |archive-date=2026-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260120023402/https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.453.1.5 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|白蓮蒿 |Artemisia sacrorum |
|崑崙沙蒿 |Artemisia saposhnikovii |
|豬毛蒿 |Artemisia scoparia |
|絹毛蒿 |Artemisia sericea |
|大籽蒿 |Artemisia sieversiana |
|準噶爾沙蒿 |Artemisia songarica |
|寬葉山蒿 |Artemisia stolonifera |
|俄羅斯肉質葉蒿 |Artemisia succulenta |
|陰地蒿 |Artemisia sylvatica |
|裂葉蒿 |Artemisia tanacetifolia |
|太白山蒿 |Artemisia taibaishanensis |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Yang |first3=Qin-Er |title=Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China |url=https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.487.2.3 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |date=2021-02-24 |volume=487 |issue=2 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.3 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28|page=125–138}}</ref>
|裂葉蒿 |Artemisia tanacetifolia |
|濕地蒿 |Artemisia tournefortiana |
|三齒蒿 |Artemisia tridentata |
|北艾 |Artemisia vulgaris |
|藏龍蒿 |Artemisia waltonii |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xin-Qiang |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Yang |first3=Qin-Er |title=Taxonomic notes on Artemisia waltonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of A. kangmarensis and A. conaensis to the synonymy of its type variety |url=https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.450.2.2 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |date=2020-06-25 |volume=450 |issue=2 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.2 |issn=1179-3163 |access-date=2025-11-28|page=149–172}}</ref>
|烏丹蒿 |Artemisia wudanica |
|內蒙古旱蒿 |Artemisia xerophytica |
|亞東蒿 |Artemisia yadongensis |
|藏白蒿 |Artemisia younghusbandii |
|察隅蒿 |Artemisia zayuensis |
|蒔蘿蒿 |Artemisia zhaodongensis |
|中甸艾 |Artemisia zhongdianensis |
}}
; 原本歸類於蒿屬的物種：
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
|石胡荽 |Centipeda minima |
|狗茴香 |Eupatorium capillifolium |
|線葉菊 |Filifolium sibiricum |
|田基黃 |Grangea maderaspatana |
|同花母菊 |Matricaria discoidea |
}}

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q156421}}
[[Category:蒿属|*]]
[[Category:卡尔·林奈命名的生物分类|H]]
[[Category: 菊科|H]]
[[Category: 1753年描述的分类群|H]]