编辑“︁草莓”︁

{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand language|en}}
{{expert needed|subject=生命科學|subject2=飲食}}
}}
{{noteTA
|1=zh-cn:草莓; zh-hk:士多啤梨; zh-tw:草莓;
|2=zh-cn:布丁; zh-hk:布甸; zh-tw:布丁;
}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Strawberry is a fruit instead of love (6).jpg
| image_width = 201px
| genus = Fragaria
| species = × ananassa
| authority = ([[Duchesne]] ex [[Weston]]) Duchesne ex [[Rozier]], 1785
}}

'''草莓'''（[[学名]]：''{{lang|la|Fragaria'' × ''ananassa}}''；{{langx|en|strawberry}}），[[中國|中国]]大陆和台灣称-{'''草莓'''}-，在香港常叫为-{'''士多啤梨'''}-，为[[草莓属]]中最常见的[[杂交]][[栽培植物|栽培种]]，有时为与其它草莓属物种相区分也称'''花园草莓'''<ref>{{cite web |title=文献解读 - New Phytologist期刊发表基于基因组组装揭示草莓风味关键基因及其调控元件 |url=https://www.benagen.com/html/shichangyuzhichi/wenxianjiedu/617.html |website=贝纳科技 |publisher=武汉贝纳科技服务有限公司 |accessdate=2025-12-18 |archive-date=2025-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222230211/https://www.benagen.com/html/shichangyuzhichi/wenxianjiedu/617.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=称心园艺：草莓，士多啤梨 ✍余暇 |url=https://chs.ebaomonthly.com/ebao/readebao.php?a=20150408 |website=翼报 |accessdate=2025-12-18 |language=zh |date=2015-04-01 |archive-date=2025-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222232346/https://chs.ebaomonthly.com/ebao/readebao.php?a=20150408 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。草莓是多年生草本植物，植株寿命一般为3年左右。

人們所食用的“果实”部份实为[[假果]]，[[植物学]]定义上真正的[[果实]]是佈滿草莓表面的眾多小點狀物，果实类型为[[瘦果]]。不同于大多数[[水果]]由[[子房]]發育而成，草莓的食用部份是由[[花托]]在[[授粉]]後發育變大而成。

== 形態 ==
草莓是[[蔷薇科]][[草莓属]]植物中最常见的杂交种，为多年生[[草本植物]]，高10-40厘米，茎低于叶或近相等，密被开展黄色柔毛。

叶三出，小叶具短柄，质地较厚，倒卵形或菱形，上面深绿色，几无毛，下面淡白绿色，疏生毛，沿脉较密；叶柄密被开展黄色柔毛。

聚伞[[花序]]，花序下面具一短柄的小叶。[[花]]两性；[[萼片]]卵形，比副萼片稍长；[[花瓣]]白色，近圆形或倒卵椭圆形。

[[聚合果]]大，宿存萼片直立，紧贴于果实；[[瘦果]]尖卵形，光滑。

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Gartenerdbeere Fragaria × ananassa top 20210718 03.jpg|草莓的叶
File:Fragaria × ananassa 'Korona' flower (1).jpg|草莓的花
File:Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) halved.jpg|成熟草莓花托的纵剖面
File:Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) close-up.jpg|草莓的[[瘦果]]，即其真正的[[果实]]
</gallery>

== 起源 ==
现代草莓主要来源于两种野生[[草莓属]]物种[[种质]]的[[杂交]]，分别为原產于[[北美洲]]东部的[[弗州草莓]]（父本）及来自[[南美洲]][[智利]]的{{le|智利草莓|Fragaria chiloensis}}（''F. chiloensis''；母本）<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Feldmann |first1=Mitchell J. |last2=Pincot |first2=Dominique D. A. |last3=Cole |first3=Glenn S. |last4=Knapp |first4=Steven J. |title=Genetic gains underpinning a little-known strawberry Green Revolution |journal=Nature Communications |date=2024-03-19 |volume=15 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41467-024-46421-6 |accessdate=2025-12-17}}</ref>，最初培育于18世纪50年代的法国[[布列塔尼半岛]]<ref name="UCLA Botgard">{{cite web |url=http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Fragaria/index.html |title=Strawberry, The Maiden With Runners |publisher=[[University of California, Los Angeles]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706193324/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Fragaria/index.html |archive-date=6 July 2010}}</ref>，后来逐渐在当地的商业生产中代替了欧亚原生的[[森林草莓]]，如今也在全世界广泛栽培。

== 遺傳學 ==
現代草莓是[[同源多倍体#同源多倍体类型|八倍體]]（8組[[染色體]]）<ref>{{cite journal
 | pmid = 24282021
| year = 2014
| last1 = Hirakawa
| first1 = H
| title = Dissection of the octoploid strawberry genome by deep sequencing of the genomes of fragaria species
| journal = DNA Research
| volume = 21
| issue = 2
| pages = 169–81
| last2 = Shirasawa
| first2 = K
| last3 = Kosugi
| first3 = S
| last4 = Tashiro
| first4 = K
| last5 = Nakayama
| first5 = S
| last6 = Yamada
| first6 = M
| last7 = Kohara
| first7 = M
| last8 = Watanabe
| first8 = A
| last9 = Kishida
| first9 = Y
| last10 = Fujishiro
| first10 = T
| last11 = Tsuruoka
| first11 = H
| last12 = Minami
| first12 = C
| last13 = Sasamoto
| first13 = S
| last14 = Kato
| first14 = M
| last15 = Nanri
| first15 = K
| last16 = Komaki
| first16 = A
| last17 = Yanagi
| first17 = T
| last18 = Guoxin
| first18 = Q
| last19 = Maeda
| first19 = F
| last20 = Ishikawa
| first20 = M
| last21 = Kuhara
| first21 = S
| last22 = Sato
| first22 = S
| last23 = Tabata
| first23 = S
| last24 = Isobe
| first24 = S. N.
| doi = 10.1093/dnares/dst049
| pmc = 3989489
}}</ref>。 花園草莓的[[基因組]]序列於2019年發表<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Edger|first1=Patrick P.|last2=Poorten|first2=Thomas J.|last3=VanBuren|first3=Robert|last4=Hardigan|first4=Michael A.|last5=Colle|first5=Marivi|last6=McKain|first6=Michael R.|last7=Smith|first7=Ronald D.|last8=Teresi|first8=Scott J.|last9=Nelson|first9=Andrew D. L.|last10=Wai|first10=Ching Man|last11=Alger|first11=Elizabeth I.|date=March 2019|title=Origin and evolution of the octoploid strawberry genome|journal=Nature Genetics|language=en|volume=51|issue=3|pages=541–547|doi=10.1038/s41588-019-0356-4|pmid=30804557|pmc=6882729|issn=1546-1718|doi-access=free}}</ref>。


== 农业生产 ==
{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+ 草莓产量 <br><small>2023年，单位：百万吨</small>
|-
|{{CHN}}||4.21
|-
|{{USA}}||1.25
|-
|{{EGY}}||0.73
|-
|{{TUR}}||0.68
|-
|{{MEX}}||0.64
|-
|{{ESP}}||0.33
|-
|'''全球'''||'''10.49'''
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" |{{small|来源：{{tsl|en|Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database|FAOSTAT}}<br />（[[联合国]]）}}<ref name="faostat">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title=Strawberry production in 2023, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)|date=2025|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|access-date=21 March 2025|archive-date=2016-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|}

[[File:Strawberry growth (Video).webm|thumb|right|草莓的生长（影片）]]
[[File:Reife Erdbeeren.jpg|thumb|收获成熟的草莓]]
草莓在[[亚热带]]及[[温带]]国家均广泛栽培。2023 年，全球草莓产量达 1,050 万吨，其中[[中国]]占 40%，为最大生产国；[[美国]]位居第二<ref name="faostat"/>。[[埃及]]、[[土耳其]]与[[墨西哥]]亦为主要产地。

=== 栽植管理 ===

商业化生产中，草莓多以裸根苗或[[扦插]]苗繁殖。常见方式之一为{{tsl|en|Plasticulture|地膜覆盖栽培}}：在垄床覆盖塑料膜，可增温、保肥、防草，并促使根系健壮生长<ref>{{cite web |title=种菜覆盖地膜有什么好处？为什么草莓种植只用黑地膜？-农技学堂 |url=https://www.cnhnb.com/xt/article-56027.html |website=惠农网 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref><ref name=gxzf>{{cite web |author1=张梦园 |title=草莓种植管护忙，巧用滴灌助增收 |url=http://nynct.gxzf.gov.cn/xwdt/gxlb/lb/t19308156.shtml |website=广西壮族自治区农业农村厅 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。一般在秋季定植后，于越冬前或翌春萌芽前覆盖<ref>{{cite web |title=草莓种植技术 草莓地膜覆盖栽培方法 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/373650826_100096860 |website=搜狐 |publisher=毛氏部落 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。如采用[[滴灌]]，可将水肥精准输送至根部<ref name=gxzf/><ref name="osu-2126">{{cite web |url=http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~news/story.php?id=2126 |title=Strawberry Plasticulture Offers Sweet Rewards |publisher=[[Ohio State University]] |date=28 June 2002 |access-date=5 December 2009 |archive-date=19 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119052744/http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/%7Enews/story.php?id=2126 }}</ref><ref name="noble">{{cite web |url=http://www.noble.org/Ag/Horticulture/StrawberryFields/index.html |title=Strawberry Fields Forever |publisher=Noble.org |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-date=26 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126182638/http://www.noble.org/Ag/Horticulture/StrawberryFields/index.html }}</ref>。寒冷地区亦常采用高垄栽培以改善地温<ref>{{cite web |title=当前草莓设施栽培起垄的技术要点 |url=https://www.fengxian.gov.cn/stz/bmfw/nczx/20220124/7131.html |website=上海市奉贤区人民政府 |publisher=上海市奉贤区融媒体中心 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=宗静 |author2=马欣 |author3=王琼 |author4=王俊英 |author5=王克武 |author6=郝国庆 |title=一种草莓种植高垄及种植方法 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103843565B/zh |website=Google Patents |accessdate=2026-01-10 |date=2015-07-15 |archive-date=2024-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108092843/https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103843565B/zh |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

部分地区采用温室（大棚）栽培，以调节温度与湿度。例如东亚地区属季风气候，自然条件不利于草莓越冬，但借助温室保温遮雨，可在冬季亦实现生产<ref name="dai12">[[#農文協2016|農文協編 2016]], p. 12</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=阿克苏地区特色产业“遍地开花” |author1=刘红文 |url=https://www.xj.chinanews.com.cn/shehui/2023-12-28/detail-ihcwfzpa8054374.shtml
 |accessdate=2026-01-10 |work=中新网·新疆 |agency=阿克苏地区融媒体中心 |date=2023-12-28}}</ref>。在中国南方，露地种植更为常见<ref name=ymt>{{cite web |title=草莓的季节：探索甜美果实的最佳生长时期 |url=https://news.ymt.com/encyclopedia/14DNGn83
 |website=一亩田 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。

草莓根系较浅，主要分布于地表下约 20 厘米范围，少量可达 40 厘米深处<ref name=nx12346>{{cite web |title=草莓地膜覆盖栽培 |url=http://www.nx12346.com/nykj/njtg/202104/t20210414_296335.html
 |website=宁夏三农呼叫中心网 |publisher=宁夏三农呼叫中心 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。栽培需加强清园消毒、去除老病叶，预防病源；施肥需均衡，避免氮肥过量引起徒长，宜增施磷钾肥及中微量元素以提高抗性<ref name=Songetal2023>{{cite journal |author1=宋长年 |author2=李红月 |author3=马建波 |author4=董瑞萍 |author5=邹典旭 |title=草莓病害及防治措施研究进展 |journal=现代农业科技 |date=2023 |issue=14 |pages=116-126 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。

=== 人工繁育 ===
草莓人工繁育较易。[[种子]]繁殖主要用于品种改良，常于杂交后从成熟果实取出种子、晾干后播种。播种方式包括：将种子撒于湿润滤纸的培养皿中并必要时遮光降温；或直接播于基质表面不覆土。种子约于 5–8 天萌芽，长出 3–4 片本叶后即可移植至塑胶盆或穴盘，保持根系完整可提高成活率<ref>{{cite web |title=草莓育苗四方法與三招防病害育苗管理 |url=https://www.agriharvest.tw/archives/40324/ |website=農傳媒 |accessdate=2026-01-10 |language=zh-TW |date=2020-11-07 |archive-date=2025-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251214170409/https://www.agriharvest.tw/archives/40324 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

秋季定植成活率普遍高于春季，多于北半球 9 月下旬至 10 月中旬进行<ref>{{cite web |title=盆栽草莓一年结几次果？如何养护？ |url=https://www.cnhnb.com/xt/article-106632.html |website=惠农网 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。

=== 採收 ===
草莓从幼苗至结果约需 3 个月<ref>{{cite web |title=草莓从幼苗到结果多久？怎么管理结果早？ |url=https://www.cnhnb.com/xt/article-108749.html
 |website=惠农网 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>，一般在开花 30–50 天后成熟可采<ref>{{cite web |title=草苺管理 |url=https://kmweb.moa.gov.tw/subject/subject.php?id=12686
 |website=農業知識入口網 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。在[[中国大陆]]，草莓产季通常自 11 月延续至翌年 5 月，南北方上市期皆以冬春为主<ref name="cdstm"/><ref name=ymt/>。

莓果表面转红达 80% 即为成熟<ref name=nx12346/>；若为当日食用，可采九成熟果。采收宜轻摘轻放，并避免高温时段进行，以减少变软与缩短货架期<ref>{{cite web |title=草莓果實長得好又甜 栽培管理有秘訣 |url=https://www.agriharvest.tw/archives/51791/ |website=農傳媒 |accessdate=2026-01-10 |language=zh-TW |date=2021-01-14 |archive-date=2025-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615031058/https://www.agriharvest.tw/archives/51791 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

由于需凭颜色判断成熟度且操作应避免损伤果实，草莓难以机械化采摘，长期依赖人工，劳动强度高<ref>{{cite web |title=當機器人會採草莓，我們還有工作嗎？ |author1=張夏準 |url=https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/390/article/13077 |website=独立评论 |accessdate=2026-01-10 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228064900/https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/390/article/13077 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=机器人采草莓 24小时不喊累 |author1=李晨 |author2=赵广欣 |url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/roll/2024-04-12/doc-inarpmyz9313160.shtml |accessdate=2026-01-10 |work=中国科学报 |publisher=新浪科技 |date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2024-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412000829/https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/roll/2024-04-12/doc-inarpmyz9313160.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref>。近年来，各地陆续出现旨在提高采收效率的[[机械化农业]]创新<ref>{{cite news |title=西班牙草莓自动化收割机，24条机械臂识别生熟采收远超人工！ |author1=八鲜过海自媒体 |url=https://v.ifeng.com/c/89Mn1TPXTUF
 |publisher=凤凰网视频 |date=2021-09-08 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=高架草莓采摘机器人“露面”了 |author1=李晨 |url=https://paper.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2023/4/499472.shtm |publisher=科学网 |work=中国科学报 |date=2023-04-26 |accessdate=2026-01-10 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106210128/https://paper.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2023/4/499472.shtm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=行走式机械手辅助人工草莓采摘机 |author1=李时锋 |author2=谭莉杰 |author3=栗阿媛 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN110946004A/zh
 |website=Google Patents |date=2020-04-03 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。

=== 儲存 ===
草莓果实柔软多汁，耐藏性差<ref name="cdstm">{{cite web |title=草莓适时收获及注意事项 |url=https://www.cdstm.cn/frontier/nlmy/201605/t20160517_110649.html |website=中国数字科技馆 |accessdate=2026-01-10}}</ref>。商业运输及储存多使用[[泡沫塑料|泡沫箱]]或透明塑料盒，大包装不宜超过 10 公斤<ref name=nx12346/>。最佳保存环境为接近 0℃ 且不结霜的[[冰箱]]冷藏。进入[[冷链]]前的预冷能降低低温贮藏时的腐烂率，但回温后可能因凝水而加剧腐烂<ref name=Huang2004/>。

[[紫外线]]（[[UV-C]]）处理可降低腐烂、提高硬度并减缓糖分转化，但会轻微降低[[维生素C]]、[[花青素]]与风味物质含量，整体不影响感官品质<ref name=Huang2004/>。加入[[二氧化碳]]等保护性气体或[[不活性氣體|惰性气体]]<ref>{{cite web |title=一种草莓的保鲜方法 |author1=黄秋丽 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN105815434A/zh
 |website=Google Patents |date=2016-08-03}}</ref>的气调包装可减少腐烂；其中 20% CO₂ 在低温贮藏中表现最佳，更高浓度可能不利品质<ref name=Huang2004>{{cite book |author1=黃錦杰 |title=台灣地區草莓之採後劣變及相關處理技術 |date=2004 |url=https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?randomimg=c2eNXM_1768086505&validpath=%2Ftmp%2F%5Enclcdr__doschk%2Fc2eNXM_1768086505__MTMwMzkx&validinput=130391&check=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A}}</ref>。

[[急冻]]亦是有效保存方式，西方国家常见袋装冷冻草莓。

{{clear}}

== 營養 ==
{{营养值 
| name=營養
| image=Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa).jpg
| water =90.95 g
| kJ =136
| protein =0.67 g
| fat =0.30 g
| carbs =7.68 g
| fiber =2.0 g
| calcium_mg =16
| iron_mg =0.41
| magnesium_mg =13
| phosphorus_mg =24
| potassium_mg =153
| sodium_mg =1
| zinc_mg =0.14
| manganese_mg =0.386
| selenium_μg =0.4
| vitC_mg =58.8
| thiamin_mg =0.024
| riboflavin_mg =0.022
| niacin_mg =0.386
| pantothenic_mg =0.125
| vitB6_mg=0.047
| folate_ug =24
| choline_mg =5.7
| vitB12_ug =0
| vitA_ug =1
| betacarotene_ug =7
| lutein_ug =26
| vitE_mg =0.29
| vitD_iu =0
| vitK_ug =2.2
| satfat =0.015 g
| monofat =0.043 g
| polyfat =0.155 g
| tryptophan =0.008 g
| threonine =0.020 g
| isoleucine =0.016 g
| leucine =0.034 g
| lysine =0.026 g
| methionine =0.002 g
| phenylalanine =0.019 g
| tyrosine =0.022 g
| valine =0.019 g
| arginine =0.028 g
| histidine =0.012 g
| alanine =0.033 g
| aspartic acid =0.149 g
| glutamic acid =0.098 g
| glycine =0.026 g
| proline =0.020 g
| serine =0.025 g
| right=1 
| source_usda=1 }}

生草莓含有 91% 的[[水]]、8% 的[[碳水化合物]]、1% 的[[蛋白質]]，並且含有可忽略不計的[[脂肪]]（表）。 100 克參考量的草莓提供 33 [[卡路里]]的熱量，是[[維生素C]] 的豐富來源（[[参考每日摄入量|每日摄入量(DV)]]的 71%），[[錳]]的良好來源（18% 每日摄入量），並提供其他幾種維生素和少量膳食礦物質。 草莓[[瘦果]]中的油含有適量的必需[[不飽和脂肪酸]]<ref name="Giampieri2012" />。

有些人食用草莓會出現類過敏反應<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpmc.org/advanced/pediatrics/patients/topics/food-allergies.html|title=Children and food allergies|publisher=California Pacific Medical Center|date=2013|access-date=27 April 2014|archive-date=2018-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817012124/http://www.cpmc.org/advanced/pediatrics/patients/topics/food-allergies.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>在嚴重的情況下，可能會導致呼吸困難<ref>{{cite journal
| pmid = 19940506
| year = 2010
| last1 = Patiwael
| first1 = J. A.
| title = Occupational allergy in strawberry greenhouse workers
| journal = International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
| volume = 152
| issue = 1
| pages = 58–65
| last2 = Vullings
| first2 = L. G.
| last3 = De Jong
| first3 = N. W.
| last4 = Van Toorenenbergen
| first4 = A. W.
| last5 = Gerth Van Wijk
| first5 = R
| last6 = De Groot
| first6 = H
| doi = 10.1159/000260084
| url = http://repub.eur.nl/pub/28314
| hdl = 1765/28314
| s2cid = 31952236
| hdl-access = free
| access-date = 2023-05-07
| archive-date = 2023-04-30
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230430130425/https://repub.eur.nl/pub/28314/
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>

== 化學成分 ==
花園草莓含有二聚鞣花單寧[[仙鶴草素]]（dimeric ellagitannin agrimoniin），它是[[地榆素]]H-6（sanguiin H-6）的[[異構體]]<ref name="Lipinska2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lipińska L, Klewicka E, Sójka M |title=The structure, occurrence and biological activity of ellagitannins: a general review|journal=Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria|volume=13|issue=3|pages=289–99|date=September 2014|pmid=24887944|doi=10.17306/j.afs.2014.3.7|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite journal | last1 = Vrhovsek | first1 = U. | last2 = Guella | first2 = G. | last3 = Gasperotti | first3 = M. | last4 = Pojer | first4 = E. | last5 = Zancato | first5 = M. | last6 = Mattivi | first6 = F. | doi = 10.1021/jf2052256 | title = Clarifying the Identity of the Main Ellagitannin in the Fruit of the Strawberry, ''Fragaria vesca'' and ''Fragaria ananassa'' Duch | journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | volume = 60 | issue = 10 | pages = 2507–16 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22339338}}</ref>。草莓中的其他多酚成分包括[[黄酮类化合物]]，如[[花色素苷]]、[[黄烷-3-醇]]、[[黃酮醇]]和[[酚酸]]，如羥基苯甲酸（Hydroxybenzoic acid）和[[羟基肉桂酸]]<ref name="Giampieri2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M |title=The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health|journal=Nutrition|volume=28|issue=1|pages=9–19|date=January 2012|pmid=22153122|doi=10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.009}}</ref>。

草莓中的[[漆黃素]]含量高於许多其他水果<ref name="auto" /><ref name="Khan2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khan N, Syed DN, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H |title=Fisetin: a dietary antioxidant for health promotion|journal=Antioxidants & Redox Signaling|volume=19|issue=2|pages=151–62|date=July 2013|pmid=23121441|pmc=3689181|doi=10.1089/ars.2012.4901}}</ref>。雖然草莓的[[瘦果]]（即果实表面的“种子”）僅佔其總鮮重的1%，它們所含的多酚却占整个莓果的 11%，其成分包括[[鞣花酸]]、鞣花酸[[糖苷]]，及鞣花單寧（ellagitannin）<ref name="aaby">{{cite journal
| pmid = 15884835
| year = 2005
| last1 = Aaby
| first1 = K
| title = Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities in flesh and achenes of strawberries (''Fragaria ananassa'')
| journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
| volume = 53
| issue = 10
| pages = 4032–40
| last2 = Skrede
| first2 = G
| last3 = Wrolstad
| first3 = R. E.
| doi = 10.1021/jf048001o
}}</ref>。

=== 顏色 ===
天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷（pelargonidin-3-glucoside）是草莓中主要的[[花青素]]，另一种占比更小的花青素为矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷（cyanidin-3-glucoside）。草莓中还存在一些紫色的次要[[色素]]，例如二聚体花青素。葡萄糖是草莓中花青素最常見的替代糖，但在一些草莓品種中發現了蘆丁糖、阿拉伯糖、和鼠李糖結合物<ref name="Giampieri2012" />。

== 照片集 ==
<gallery>
File:Strawberries.JPG|一株现代化农业栽培的结果草莓
File:Strawberry gariguette DSC03061.JPG|‘Gariguette’品種
File:Aardbei Karina.jpg|‘Karina’品種
File:SADEHodHasharon.jpg|[[以色列]]的草莓种植基地 
File:Strawberry farm in DaHu Taiwan.JPG|台湾苗栗[[大湖鄉 (台灣)|大湖鄉]]的草莓園
</gallery>

== 参见 ==
{{Portal|植物|饮食}}
* [[水果列表]]
* [[草莓属]]
* [[聚合果]]
* [[浆果]]
* [[草莓树]]
* [[菠萝莓]]
* [[果樹學]]
* [[草莓蛋糕]]

{{clear}}
== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist}}

=== 来源 === 
; 书籍
* {{cite book | title= 《20大排毒蔬果非吃不可》|author= 陳彥甫 |publisher= 康鑑出版社|date=2014-03-19 | isbn= 5443023438 |language=zh-tw }}

; 資料庫
* {{cite web |url = http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/KmzwSpecies.php?action=view&id=19053 |title=草莓 Fragaria ananassa Duch. |work=《中国高等植物数据库全库》 |publisher=[[中国科学院微生物研究所]] |author=[[中国科学院昆明植物研究所]] |accessdate=2009-02-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120513/http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/KmzwSpecies.php?action=view&id=19053 |archivedate=2015-04-02 }}
{{refend}}

== 外部链接 ==
{{Commons+cat}}
{{Wikispecies|Fragaria × ananassa}}
* [http://www.dahufarm.org.tw 台灣-大湖酒莊-草莓文化館] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dahufarm.org.tw/ |date=20200222052933 }}
* {{zh-hans}}{{CVH|ananassa}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130520112528/http://hui-heng.com.tw/ 卉亨果園-無農藥栽培之草莓]
* [http://dahu.emmm.tw 台灣-大湖草莓旅遊網] {{Wayback|url=http://dahu.emmm.tw/ |date=20200407221313 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003718/http://www.visitcameronhighlands.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=239&Itemid=263 马来西亚 金马仑高原 "草莓天堂"]
* [http://www.cookeryfamily.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=251 Cookery Family - 士多啤梨骨] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cookeryfamily.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=251 |date=20090425163541 }}
* [http://plum.blog.sohu.com/14008491.html 梅子寫食日記-草莓醬] {{Wayback|url=http://plum.blog.sohu.com/14008491.html |date=20210201011103 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120205065550/http://www.ipeen.com.tw/focus/424 台灣-草莓園精選推薦]
* [http://www.vegtrends.com/vegetarian-ingredients/item/400-%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93-%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93%E7%9A%84%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%8C%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E5%87%A1%E5%8A%9F%E6%95%88%EF%BC%8C%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93%E7%9A%84%E5%90%83%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E8%A6%81%E7%9C%8B%E5%96%94.html 草莓的營養價值] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vegtrends.com/vegetarian-ingredients/item/400-%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93-%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93%E7%9A%84%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%8C%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E5%87%A1%E5%8A%9F%E6%95%88%EF%BC%8C%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93%E7%9A%84%E5%90%83%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E8%A6%81%E7%9C%8B%E5%96%94.html |date=20130107005150 }}

{{-}}
{{Fragaria}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q13158}}

[[Category:水果]]
[[Category:草莓属|× ananassa]]
[[Category:附果]]
[[Category:栽培植物]]