编辑“︁缺德”︁

'''缺德'''（{{Langx|en|Amorality}}），又称'''缺德主义'''（{{Lang|en|amoralism}}），是指缺乏[[道德]]、对道德漠不关心、无视道德或无力践行道德的状态<ref name="Johnstone 2008">{{cite book |title=Bioethics: A Nursing Perspective |last=Johnstone |first=Megan-Jane |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7295-3873-2 |pages=102–103}}</ref><ref name="Superson 2009">{{cite book |title=The Moral Skeptic |last=Superson |first=Anita |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-537662-3 |pages=127–159}}</ref><ref name="Dictionary.com">{{cite web |title=Amorality |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/amorality |work=Dictionary.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729153956/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/amorality |archive-date=29 July 2010 |access-date=2010-06-18}}</ref>。有些人将其简单地描述为既非道德的也非违德的<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Anti-Dictionary: A Selected List of Words Being Forced from the Modern Lexicon |last=Cromwell |first=Michael |publisher=Writers Club Press |location=New York |year=2002 |isbn=978-0595224173 |pages=3}}</ref>。“缺德”一词容易与“[[违德]]”混淆，后者指的是[[德行|行为者]]明知或认为某事[[不當行為|是错误的]]，却仍然去做或去想<ref>{{cite book |title=New School Dictionary |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Collins |date=1999 |isbn=0 00 472238-8 |page=24}}</ref>。

人类和其他动物的道德与缺德一直是科学家和哲学家争论的焦点<ref name="C. S. Lewis, Abolition of Man">{{cite book |title=Abolition of Man |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/lewis/abolition1.htm |last=Lewis |first=Clive Staples |publisher=Lits |year=2010 |isbn=978-1609421472 |pages=60}}</ref>。人类的能力可以被认为是缺德的，因为它们既可以用于建设性的目的，也可以用于破坏性的目的，即行善或作恶<ref>Smith, M. K., [https://infed.org/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-and-education/ Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education], ''The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education'', updated 19 October 2019, accessed 8 September 2021</ref>。

有一种观点认为，缺德只是道德的另一种形式，或者与道德密切相关，并列举了[[自然主義 (倫理學)|伦理自然主义]]、[[道德建构主义]]、[[道德相对主义]]和道德[[虚构主义]]等概念，认为它们都与缺德主义的关键方面相似<ref>{{Cite book |title=Ethics Without Morals: In Defence of Amorality |last=Marks |first=Joel |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2013 |isbn=9780415635561 |pages=57}}</ref>。

==参见==
*[[法律能力]]
*[[道德虚无主义]]
*[[道德心理学]]
*[[失范]]
*[[價值判斷]]

==参考文献==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:缺德| ]]
[[Category:道德觀念]]
[[Category:道德]]