编辑“︁紅鰺”︁

{{Speciesbox 
| taxon = Caranx ruber
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| image = Bar jack portrait.jpg
| authority = [[馬庫斯·埃利澤·布洛赫|Bloch]], 1793
| synonyms = *''Scomber ruber'', Bloch, 1793
*''Carangoides ruber'', Bloch, 1793
| range_map = Carangoides ruber distribution.PNG
}}

'''紅鰺'''（[[学名]]：{{lang|la|''Caranx ruber''}}），又俗稱'''鮹魚'''，为[[輻鰭魚綱]][[鱸形目]][[鱸亞目]][[鲹科]][[鲹属]]的其中一[[種]]，體長可達59公分，棲息在水質清澈的[[珊瑚礁]]、岩礁區，通常成群活動，以[[魚類]]、[[甲殼類]]等為食，生活習性不明，可做為食用魚及遊釣魚，具有[[雪卡魚毒]]的紀錄。<ref>{{cite journal | last = Bourdeau | first = P. | title = Ciguatoxic fish in the French West Indies | journal = Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique | volume = 85 | issue = 5/2 | pages = 415–418 | year = 1992 | issn = 0037-9085 }}</ref>

==分類及命名==
1793年，根據從[[美國]]東海岸採集的標本，首次以Marom Bloch的名稱''Somber ruber''進行科學描述，該標本被指定為模式種。<ref>{{cite web | last = California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology | title = ''Scomber ruber'' | work = Catalog of Fishes | publisher = CAS | date = April 2008 | url = http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?spid=15399 | accessdate =2008-11-19 }}</ref>自1801年以來，該物種一直被置於''Carangoides''或''Caranx''中，物種的狀況仍然有些模棱兩可。最近使用線粒體細胞色素b序列對[[鰺科]]的分類系統學進行的一項研究後，更支持本種歸類於''Caranx''屬，其中''C. ruber''與''Caranx bartholomaei''最密切相關。<ref>{{cite journal | last = Reed | first = David L. |author2=Carpenter, Kent E. |author3= deGravelle, Martin J. | title = Molecular systematics of the Jacks (Perciformes: Carangidae) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian approaches | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 513–524 | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00036-2 | pmid = 12099802 }}</ref>
==分布==
本魚分布於西[[大西洋]]區，從[[美國]][[紐澤西州]]至[[巴西]]南部海域，為亞熱帶海水魚，棲息深度0-35公尺。
==特徵==
[[File:Bar jack school.jpg|thumb|220 px|一群在珊瑚礁的紅鰺]]
本魚體呈長橢圓形且側扁，具有近似相等凸度的背側和腹側輪廓，具有2個背鰭，背鰭硬棘8-9枚、背鰭軟條26-30枚、臀鰭硬棘2-3枚；臀鰭軟條23-26枚，胸鰭呈鐮刀狀，<ref name = "mehiko">{{cite book | last = McEachran, | first = John D. |author2=Janice D. Fechhelm | title = Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico: Volume 2 | publisher = University of Texas Press | year = 2005 | pages = 280 | isbn = 978-0-292-70634-7 }}</ref>鼻子是中等尖的，兩個鉗口都包含窄帶的絨毛狀牙齒，帶子向前變寬，上頜還包含一排擴大的彎曲牙齒。體上半部灰色到灰藍色，銀色的色調，在腹部為白色。背部和尾鰭的下葉有一條橫條紋。這條紋從金黃色到黑色，通常在它下面亦有平行的一個藍色條紋，<ref>{{cite book | last = Goodson | first = Gar |author2=Phillip J. Weisgerber | title = Fishes of the Atlantic Coast: Canada to Brazil, Including the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean | url = https://archive.org/details/fishesofatlantic00good | publisher = Stanford University Press | year = 1985 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/fishesofatlantic00good/page/n214 204] | isbn = 978-0-8047-1268-2 }}</ref>稚魚身體上有多達6條暗帶，隨年齡增長而逐漸消失，<ref>{{cite journal | last = Nichols | first = John T. | title = Young ''Caranx ruber'' (Bloch) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_copeia_1937-12-31_4/page/n36 | journal = Copeia | volume = 1937 | issue = 4 | jstor = 1436277 | pages = 236–237 | year = 1937 | issn = 0045-8511 | doi = 10.2307/1436277 }}</ref>體長可達59公分，體重可達8.2公斤。
==生態==
本魚主要棲息在礁沙混合區的淺海域，成群活動，會跟隨在梭魚、鯊魚後方，屬肉食性，主要以[[魚類]]為食，在一些研究中高達90％的魚類攝入量，浮游甲殼類動物和小[[頭足類]]動物的攝取量很小。<ref name = "food1">{{cite journal | last = Popova | first = O.A. |author2=L. Sierra | title = Diet of the bar jack ''Caranx ruber'' (Carangidae) on the Cuban Shelf in Batabano Bay 1. Seasonal and age related fattening dynamics | journal = Voprosy Ikhtiologii | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 460–468 | year = 1983 | issn = 0032-9452 }}</ref>在古巴研究的魚類中，飲食隨年齡發生了顯著變化，這可能會減少該物種的種內競爭。幼魚更喜歡浮游生物，主要是十足類和魚類幼蟲;成魚則捕食魚類。本魚同時也是其他大型海洋掠食動物的食物，如[[海豚]]、[[鯊魚]]、[[旗魚]]等。雄性和雌性在不同長度達到性成熟，雄性在25公分，雌性在31公分，<ref>{{cite journal | last = Garcia-Artega | first = H.P. |author2=Y.S. Reshetnikov | title = Age and growth of the black jack, ''Caranx ruber'' near Cuban coasts | journal = Voprosy Ikhtiologii | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | pages = 844–854 | year = 1985 | issn = 0032-9452 }}</ref>每年會產卵2次，繁殖期時會成群聚集，雌魚一次可釋放出67,000至23,1000個。

==經濟利用==
本魚長期以來被人類做為食物，大多數國家及地區都不明確的捕獲統計數據。<ref>{{cite journal | last = Wing | first = Elizabeth S. | title = Vertebrate Remains Excavated from San Salvador Island, Bahamas | journal = Caribbean Journal of Science | volume = 9 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 25–29 | year = 1969 | issn = 0799-0901 }}</ref>美國每年報告的捕撈量僅為0至15噸，但由於加勒比地區數量豐富，可能捕撈量較大，因此主要由拖網和圍網捕獲，另外亦可作為遊釣魚。

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist}}
* [https://www.diverosa.com/Bonaire/BON-021%20Bar%20jack,%20Caranx%20ruber.jpg 紅鰺的图片] {{Wayback|url=https://www.diverosa.com/Bonaire/BON-021%20Bar%20jack,%20Caranx%20ruber.jpg |date=20160810101502 }}

{{Taxonbar}}

[[Category:食用魚]]
[[Category:有毒魚類]]
[[Category:鲹属|ruber]]
[[Category:1793年描述的鱼类]]
[[Category:馬庫斯·埃利澤·布洛赫命名的分類單元]]