编辑“︁砂纸”︁

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[[File:Schleifpapier verschiedene Sorten.jpg|thumb|不同粗糙度的砂纸(40, 80, 150, 240, 600).]] 

'''砂纸'''是附着有[[研磨]]颗粒的[[纸]]或[[布]]組成的材料，其一面粘有磨料。<ref>{{Citation | last = Hill | first = Ray | title = PS guide to sandpaper and other coated abrasives | journal = Popular Science | volume = 211 | issue = 1 | page = 106 | date = July 1977 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LAEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA106 |issn=0161-7370}}.</ref>它用于平整物品的表面，或去除物品表面的附著物（如舊[[油漆]]）。

砂紙具有多種砂粒的粗細度，砂紙的粗細度通常表示為與粗細度成反比的數字。用於去除表面材料，無論是使表面更光滑（例如，在油漆和木材塗飾中），還是去除一層材料（例如舊油漆）使用較大的數字（例如 1500），或者有時是為了去除表面上的材料使用較小的數字（例如 20 或 40）使表面更粗糙（例如，作為黏合的準備）。

== 历史 ==
最早关于砂纸的记载出现于13世纪的中国。当时的人将碾碎的贝壳、种子和沙子粘在纸上。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Casey |first1=Don |title=Know How: Sandpapers and Sanding |journal=Sail Magazine |date=May 3, 2016 |url=https://www.sailmagazine.com/diy/know-sandpapers-sanding |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last = Parker | first = Jerry | title = How to choose the right coated abrasive | journal = Popular Science | volume = 180 | issue = 4 | page = 159 | date = April 1962 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LCEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA159 |issn=0161-7370}}.</ref>

鲨鱼皮有时也被作为砂纸。[[科摩罗人]]曾经使用[[腔棘魚]]的鳞片作为砂纸。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ex2Nr3lLzM0C&pg=PA60 |title=存档副本 |access-date=2010-11-11 |archive-date=2021-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211015935/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ex2Nr3lLzM0C&pg=PA60&hl=en |dead-url=no }}</ref>

1916年，[[3M]]公司发明了防水砂纸。这一发明使得水作为[[润滑剂]]成为可能，并且更便于带走细小的颗粒。<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NxNlGsE7EVwC&pg=PA234|title=Minnesota in a Century of Change: The State And Its People Since 1900|first=Kirk|last=Jeffrey|editor-first=Clifford Edward|editor-last=Clark|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-87351-238-1|page=234|chapter=The Major Manufacturers: From Food and Forest Products to High Technology|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627122427/http://books.google.com/books?id=NxNlGsE7EVwC&pg=PA234|archive-date=2014-06-27}}</ref>

== 类型 ==
砂纸有很多不同的类型,數字越大代表其表面的顆粒越細。

=== 衬底 ===
除了纸以外，其他的材料还有[[棉]]、[[人造纤维]]、[[橡皮]]等。

=== 打磨材料 ===
用于打磨颗粒的材料有：
* [[燧石]]：现在基本淘汰
* [[石榴石]]：主要用于[[木工]]
* [[金刚砂]]：常用于打磨与抛光
* [[氧化铝]]：现在最常用，可用于打磨金属和木材
* [[氧化硅]]：常用于水磨砂纸
* 氧化铝和氧化锌合金：用于机器研磨
* [[氧化铬]]：可用于制作微米级的砂纸
* [[氧化铝陶瓷]]：用于高压环境
一般越硬的材料打磨越容易。

=== 粘结方式 ===
[[粘合剂]]用于将磨料粘结于衬底上。[[动物胶]]现在仍在使用，但有受热易融化、不防水的缺点。[[树胶]]以及防水衬底可以避免这些问题。

=== 形状 ===
* 片状：一般为23cm×28cm大小，也有其他大小。
* 带状：用于[[砂带磨光机]]
* 碟状：用于盘式砂磨机和轨道式砂磨机。

=== 粗细 ===
一般的砂纸会有数字标明其粗糙度，数字越大代表其表面的顆粒越幼细。

{| class="wikitable"
|+粗细列表
!
!用途
!ISO/FEPA 单位
!CAMI 单位
!平均颗粒直径（微米）
|-
| colspan=5 style="background-color: #EFEFAC; font-weight: bold"|粗
|-
| width="12%" valign="top" rowspan="9"|特粗
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="9"|快速移除杂质、硬木地板初步打磨
|align="center"|P12
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|1815
|-
|align="center"|P16
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|1324
|-
|align="center"|P20
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|1000
|-
|align="center"|P24
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|764
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|24
|align="center"|708
|-
|align="center"|P30
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|642
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|30
|align="center"|632
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|36
|align="center"|530
|-
|align="center"|P36
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|538
|-
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="3"|粗
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="3"|快速移除杂质
|align="center"|P40
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|425
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|50
|align="center"|348
|-
|align="center"|P50
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|336
|-
| width="12%" valign="top" rowspan="4"|中等
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="4"|木材的打磨，清除油漆，[[滑板]]的底部
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|60
|align="center"|265
|-
|align="center"|P60
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|269
|-
|align="center"|P80
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|201
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|80
|align="center"|190
|-
| width="12%" valign="top" rowspan="4"|细
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="4"|木材的打磨，不适合去除木材上的油漆，可用于去除木材上的水渍、灰泥
|align="center"|P100
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|162
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|100
|align="center"|140
|-
|align="center"|P120
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|125
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|120
|align="center"|115
|-
| width="12%" valign="top" rowspan="4"|较细
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="4"|木材的打磨
|align="center"|P150
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|100
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|150
|align="center"|92
|-
|align="center"|P180
|align="center"|180
|align="center"|82
|-
|align="center"|P220
|align="center"|220
|align="center"|68
|-
| valign="top" colspan=5 style="background-color: #EFEFAC; font-weight: bold"|细
|-
| width="12%" valign="top" rowspan="5"|较细
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="5"|在不同的油漆涂层之间打磨
|align="center"|P240
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|58.5
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|240
|align="center"|53.0
|-
|align="center"|P280
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|52.2
|-
|align="center"|P320
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|46.2
|-
|align="center"|P360
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|40.5
|-
| width="12%" valign="top" rowspan="5"|特細
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="5"|用於木材的初始拋光
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|320
|align="center"|36.0
|-
|align="center"|P400
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|35.0
|-
|align="center"|P500
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|30.2
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|360
|align="center"|28.0
|-
|align="center"|P600
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|25.8
|-
| width="12%" valign="top" rowspan="6"|超細
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="6"|final sanding of finishes, final sanding of wood
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|400
|align="center"|23.0
|-
|align="center"|P800
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|21.8
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|500
|align="center"|20.0
|-
|align="center"|P1000
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|18.3
|-
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|600
|align="center"|16.0
|-
|align="center"|P1200
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|15.3
|-
| width="12%" valign="top" rowspan="3"|極細
| width="22%" valign="top" rowspan="3"|final sanding and polishing of thick finishes
|align="center"|P1500
|align="center"|800
|align="center"|12.6
|-
|align="center"|P2000
|align="center"|1000
|align="center"|10.3
|-
|align="center"|P2500
|&nbsp;
|align="center"|8.4
|}

==圖片==
<gallery>
File:SCSandpaper.jpg|320號細砂紙，與特寫視圖。
</gallery>

==另見==
*[[砂輪]]
*[[磨刀石]]
*[[裝修#粉塵及懸浮粒子]]

== 参考资料 ==
<references/>

== 進一步閱讀 ==
* Dresdner, Michael (1992). ''The Woodfinishing Book''. Taunton Press. {{ISBN|1-56158-037-6}}
* Flexner, Bob (2005). ''Understanding Wood Finishing&nbsp;— How to Select and Apply the Right Finish''. Fox Chapel Publishing. ISBN Hardcover:978-1-56523-548-9. ISBN Paperback:978-1-56523-566-3

== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.sizes.com/tools/sandpaper.htm sizes.com on sandpaper] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sizes.com/tools/sandpaper.htm |date=20101123155147 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101108084519/http://www.paper.my/ Paper Talk]

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[[Category:木材工藝]]
[[Category:紙製品]]
[[Category:工具]]