编辑“︁Uue”︁（章节）

===核稳定性和同位素===
[[File:Island of Stability derived from Zagrebaev.svg|class=|center|thumb|upright=2.8|alt=A 2D graph with rectangular cells colored in black-and-white colors, spanning from the llc to the urc, with cells mostly becoming lighter closer to the latter|杜布纳团队于2010年使用的一张核素图，已表征的同位素有边框。118号元素（鿫，已知原子序最高的元素）之后预计将迅速进入不稳定区域。圈起来的部分包含稳定岛预测的位置。{{sfn|Zagrebaev|Karpov|Greiner|2013}}]]
[[File:Next proton shell.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|right|upright=1.2|[[角量子数]]高的轨道能量变高，导致[[钅夫|114号元素]]处应有的质子闭壳层消失（如左侧未考虑此现象的图像所示）。此现象会使下一个质子闭壳层出现在[[Ubn|120号元素]]处（如右图所示），119和120号元素的半衰期可能因此有所提升<ref name="Kratz"/>]]

82号元素[[铅]]之后的元素都有放射性，<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Marcillac |first1=Pierre |last2=Coron |first2=Noël |last3=Dambier |first3=Gérard |last4=Leblanc |first4=Jacques |last5=Moalic |first5=Jean-Pierre |display-authors=3 |date=2003 |title=Experimental detection of α-particles from the radioactive decay of natural bismuth |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2003-04-24_422_6934/page/876 |journal=Nature |volume=422 |pages=876–878 |pmid=12712201 |doi=10.1038/nature01541 |issue=6934 |bibcode=2003Natur.422..876D |s2cid=4415582 |language=en}}</ref>原子核的稳定性在96号元素[[锔]]之后迅速下降，之后的元素的半衰期比锔低了四个数量级，101号元素[[钔]]之后的元素的半衰期更是短于30个小时。{{NUBASE2020|ref}}尽管如此，由于尚未完全了解的原因，在原子序[[钅达|110]]至[[钅夫|114]]周围的原子核的稳定性略微增加，这导致了核物理学中所谓的“[[稳定岛]]”的出现。[[加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校]]的[[格伦·西奥多·西博格]]教授提出的这个概念解释了为什么超重元素的半衰期比预测的要长。<ref>{{cite book |title=Van Nostrand's scientific encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/vannostrandsscie0001unse_b2u7 |first1=Glenn D. |last1=Considine |first2=Peter H. |last2=Kulik |publisher=Wiley-Interscience |date=2002 |edition=9th |isbn=978-0-471-33230-5 |oclc=223349096 |language=en}}</ref>

<sup>291–307</sup>Uue预测的α衰变半衰期都是微秒级别的，其中<sup>294</sup>Uue的α衰变半衰期最长，预测约485微秒。<ref name="npa07">{{cite journal|journal=Nucl. Phys. A|volume=789|issue=1–4|pages=142–154|title=Predictions of alpha decay half lives of heavy and superheavy elements|author=Chowdhury, P. Roy|author2=Samanta, C. |author3=Basu, D. N. |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.04.001 |bibcode=2007NuPhA.789..142S |arxiv=nucl-th/0703086 |year=2007 |citeseerx=10.1.1.264.8177 |s2cid=7496348|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Phys. Rev. C |volume=77 |issue=4 |at=044603 |title=Search for long lived heaviest nuclei beyond the valley of stability |author=Chowdhury, P. Roy |author2=Samanta, C. |author3=Basu, D. N. |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.77.044603 |bibcode=2008PhRvC..77d4603C |arxiv=0802.3837 |year=2008 |s2cid=119207807|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables|volume=94|issue=6 |pages=781–806|title=Nuclear half-lives for α -radioactivity of elements with 100 ≤ Z ≤ 130 |author=Chowdhury, P. Roy |author2=Samanta, C. |author3=Basu, D. N. |doi=10.1016/j.adt.2008.01.003 |bibcode=2008ADNDT..94..781C |arxiv=0802.4161 |year=2008|language=en}}</ref>不过如果算上所有的衰变方式，它们的半衰期预测只剩几十微秒。<ref name="Haire" /><ref name="Hofmann" />更重的同位素应该会更稳定。1971年，Fricke和Waber预测<sup>315</sup>Uue是Uue最稳定的同位素。<ref name="Fricke1971" />这会对Uue的合成产生影响，因为半衰期低于一微秒的同位素会在到达探测器之前衰变，而较重的同位素无法通过任何已知可用目标和发射体的碰撞来合成。<ref name="Haire" /><ref name="Hofmann" />然而，新的理论模型表明，[[核壳层模型|质子轨道]]2f<sub>7/2</sub>（会在114号元素时填充）和2f<sub>5/2</sub>（会在120号元素时填充）之间的能量差距比预期的要小，使得114号元素不再是稳定的球形封闭原子核，而这个能隙可能会增加119和120号元素的稳定性。下一个有双[[幻数]]的原子核预计在122号元素<sup>306</sup>[[Ubb]]周围，但是该核素预期的短半衰期和低[[截面 (物理)|截面]]使其合成更困难。<ref name="Kratz">{{cite conference |last1=Kratz |first1=J. V. |date=2011-09-05 |title=The Impact of Superheavy Elements on the Chemical and Physical Sciences |url=http://tan11.jinr.ru/pdf/06_Sep/S_1/02_Kratz.pdf |conference=4th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements |access-date=2013-08-27 |language=en |archive-date=2017-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106190703/http://tan11.jinr.ru/pdf/06_Sep/S_1/02_Kratz.pdf }}</ref>

未来最有可能合成的同位素是<sup>293</sup>Uue至<sup>296</sup>Uue，可由<sup>243</sup>Am+<sup>54</sup>Cr、<sup>248</sup>Cm+<sup>51</sup>V和<sup>249</sup>Bk+<sup>50</sup>Ti反应产生。<ref name=jinr2024>{{Cite web |url=https://indico.jinr.ru/event/4343/contributions/28663/attachments/20748/36083/U%20+%20Cr%20AYSS%202024.pptx |title=Synthesis and study of the decay properties of isotopes of superheavy element Lv in Reactions <sup>238</sup>U + <sup>54</sup>Cr and <sup>242</sup>Pu + <sup>50</sup>Ti |last=Ibadullayev |first=Dastan |date=2024 |website=jinr.ru |publisher=Joint Institute for Nuclear Research |access-date=2026-04-03 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Chen | first1=Fang-Yu | last2=Li | first2=Jia-Xing | last3=Zhang | first3=Hong-Fei | title=Theoretical study of optimal synthesis conditions for superheavy element Z = 119<sup>*</sup> | journal=Chinese Physics C | volume=49 | issue=6 | date=2025-06-01 | issn=1674-1137 | doi=10.1088/1674-1137/adbe3e | page=064107 }}</ref>