编辑“︁鮭魚”︁（章节）

===與寄生蟲的關係===
[[File:Henneguya salminicola in flesh of coho salmon, BC, Canada.JPG|thumb|寄生于[[银鲑]]身上的鲑居尾孢虫（楚氏尾孢虫）可以寄生在所有洄游型鲑科鱼身上]]
[[File:Sea lice on salmon.jpg|thumb|[[大西洋鲑]]背上的[[海虱]]]]
根据加拿大生物学家多萝西·基瑟尔（Dorothy Kieser）发现，[[碘泡科]]的[[黏体动物|黏体]][[寄生虫]]——[[尾孢虫属|鲑居尾孢虫]]（''Henneguya salminicola''）时常会被在[[鲑科]]鱼类（但不包括陸封型淡水[[虹鱒]]<ref name=SaltyParasite> {{cite journal |title= Záchyt lososa masivně infikovaného myxosporidií ''Henneguya zschokke'' |authors= Buchtová, H.; Dyková, I.; Vršková, D.; Krkoška, L. |journal= Veterinářství |year= 2004 |number= 54 |pages= 47–48 |url= http://www.vetweb.cz/projekt/clanek.asp?pid=2&cid=2943 |trans-title= Myxosporidia Henneguya zschokkei massive infection in a salmon |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063709/http://www.vetweb.cz/projekt/clanek.asp?pid=2&cid=2943 |archive-date= 2007-09-28 |language= cs }} </ref>）的肉中发现，在洄游到[[海达瓜依岛]]的野外鲑鱼样本中有明确记录。被感染的鲑科鱼的[[免疫系统]]会试图将体内的寄生虫包裹围困，因而形成众多聚集了大量寄生虫滋生的乳色[[囊肿]]。包括尾孢虫在内的[[黏孢子虫]]都有着复杂的[[生物生命周期|生命周期]]，而鲑科鱼为其两个[[寄主]]之一，在[[产卵]]死亡后将躯体内的[[孢子]]释放。以尾孢虫为例，这些孢子会在被释放在[[溪流]]产卵地后进入第二个宿主（通常是无脊椎动物），在幼年鲑鱼迁徙到太平洋之前感染到鲑鱼身上，然后存留在鲑鱼体内直到下一个产卵周期。在[[鳟鱼]]中引起[[旋转病]]的黏孢子虫有着类似的生病周期<ref>{{cite web | url = http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/ansrp/myxobolus_cerebralis.pdf | title = Whirling Disease&nbsp;- ''Myxobolus cerebralis'' | access-date = 13 December 2007 | first1 = Danielle M. | last1 = Crosier | first2 = Daniel P. | last2 = Molloy | first3 = Jerri | last3 = Bartholomew | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216100913/http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/ansrp/myxobolus_cerebralis.pdf | archive-date = 16 February 2008 }}</ref>，但不同的是尾孢虫似乎并不会让鲑鱼发病，即使是严重感染的鲑鱼也可以顺利洄游产卵。

按照基瑟尔的说法，大量有关鲑居尾孢虫的研究都是由[[纳奈莫]]太平洋生物站（Pacific Biological Station）的科学家在1980年代中期完成的，其中最突出的一个概述报告<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/mpo-dfo/Fs97-6-1405-eng.pdf | title = Investigation of the Distribution, Detection, and Biology of Henneguya salminicola (Protozoa, Myxozoa), a Parasite of the Flesh of Pacific Salmon | last1 = Boyce | first1 = N.P. | last2 = Kabata | first2 = Z. | last3 = Margolis | first3 = L. | year = 1985 | journal = Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences | issue = 1450 | page = 55 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141112112222/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/mpo-dfo/Fs97-6-1405-eng.pdf | archive-date = 12 November 2014 | url-status = live}}</ref>声称“在淡水平均居住时间最长的鱼体有着最高的[[患病率]]”，因此从物种来说“[[银鲑]]为最，[[红鲑]]、[[帝王鲑]]、[[狗鲑]]和[[粉红鲑]]相继次之”。而这份报告同时声称其研究进行时，[[英属哥伦比亚]]的大型[[水系]]（比如[[弗雷泽河]]、[[斯基纳河]]、纳斯河等）的中上游以及太平洋沿岸溪流的鱼群“更可能有较低的感染患病率”，因此“尾孢虫虽然在经济上有害，但从[[公共健康]]角度无害，严格意义上是一种在包括[[人类]]在内的[[热血动物]]中无法生存或造成影响的鱼类寄生虫”。根据[[加拿大食品检验局]]的[[软体动物|软体]][[贝类]]项目专家专家克劳斯·夏利（Klaus Schallie）的说法：“鲑居尾孢虫在英属哥伦比亚南部的所有鲑鱼中都能找到。”

另一类能够造成野生和养殖鲑鱼感染并死亡的寄生虫是[[海虱]]，特别是[[疮痂鱼虱属]]的鲑鱼虱（''Lepeophtheirus salmonis''）和[[鱼虱属]]的多种[[桡足亚纲|桡足]]寄生虫<ref>{{cite web | date = 2004 | title = Sea Lice and Salmon: Elevating the dialogue on the farmed-wild salmon story | url = http://www.farmedanddangerous.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/SeaLice_FullReport-April-2004.pdf | url-status = dead | publisher = Watershed Watch Salmon Society | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120713061313/http://www.farmedanddangerous.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/SeaLice_FullReport-April-2004.pdf | archive-date = 13 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bravo | first1 = S. | year = 2003 | title = Sea lice in Chilean salmon farms | journal = Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. | volume = 23 | pages = 197–200 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279887581}}</ref>。海虱是一类[[外寄生虫感染|外寄生虫]]，主要在浮游的幼体阶段附着在野生鲑鱼身上，然后靠进食[[黏液]]、[[血液]]和[[皮肤]]生存<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Morton | first1 = A. | first2 = R | last2 = Routledge | first3 = C | last3 = Peet | first4 = A | last4 = Ladwig | title = Sea lice (''Lepeophtheirus salmonis'') infection rates on juvenile pink (''Oncorhynchus gorbuscha'') and chum (''Oncorhynchus keta'') salmon in the nearshore marine environment of British Columbia, Canada | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-fisheries-and-aquatic-sciences_2004-02_61_2/page/147 | journal = Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences | volume = 61 | issue = 2 | pages = 147–157 | doi = 10.1139/f04-016 | year = 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis | last = Peet | first = C. R. | date = 2007 | title = Interactions between sea lice (''Lepeophtheirus salmonis'' and ''Caligus clemensii''), juvenile salmon (''Oncorhynchus keta'' and ''Oncorhynchus gorbuscha'') and salmon farms in British Columbia | type = MSc | publisher = University of Victoria | location = Victoria, British Columbia, Canada | url = http://www.raincoast.org/files/publications/papers/Peet-2007-Master-thesis.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161026164902/http://www.raincoast.org/files/publications/papers/Peet-2007-Master-thesis.pdf | archive-date = 26 October 2016 | url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Krkošek | first1 = M | first2 = A | last2 = Gottesfeld | first3 = B | last3 = Proctor | first4 = D | last4 = Rolston | first5 = C | last5 = Carr-Harris | first6 = M.A. | last6 = Lewis | title = Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 274 | issue = 1629 | pages = 3141–9 | pmid = 17939989 | pmc = 2293942 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2007.1122}}</ref>。大量的高养殖密度的开放性养鲑笼都能滋生大量密集的海虱<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Morton | first1 = Alexandra | title = SALMON CONFIDENTIAL: The ugly truth about Canada's open-net salmon farms | url = http://www.alexandramorton.ca/salmon-confidential-booklet/ | at = WHAT IS AFISH FARM? | access-date = 10 May 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151005203923/http://www.alexandramorton.ca/salmon-confidential-booklet/ | archive-date = 5 October 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref>，而暴露在[[河口湾]]水域的养鲑笼则可以传染许多野生的幼年鲑鱼并导致其死亡<ref name="MortonRoutledge2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Morton | first1 = Alexandra | last2 = Routledge | first2 = Rick | last3 = Krkosek | first3 = Martin | title = Sea Louse Infestation in Wild Juvenile Salmon and Pacific Herring Associated with Fish Farms off the East-Central Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia | journal = North American Journal of Fisheries Management | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | year = 2008 | pages = 523–532 | issn = 0275-5947 | doi = 10.1577/M07-042.1 | url = http://labs.eeb.utoronto.ca/krkosek/Publications_files/AM_NAJFM_2008.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130829060206/http://labs.eeb.utoronto.ca/krkosek/Publications_files/AM_NAJFM_2008.pdf | archive-date = 29 August 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="KrkosekLewis2006">{{cite journal | last1 = Krkosek | first1 = M. | last2 = Lewis | first2 = M. A. | last3 = Morton | first3 = A. | last4 = Frazer | first4 = L. N. | last5 = Volpe | first5 = J. P. | title = Epizootics of wild fish induced by farm fish | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 103 | issue = 42 | year = 2006 | pages = 15506–15510 | issn = 0027-8424 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0603525103| pmid = 17021017 | pmc = 1591297 | bibcode = 2006PNAS..10315506K | doi-access = free }}</ref>。成年鲑鱼在被感染后也可能存活，但刚刚迁徙入海的幼鲑因为体小皮薄是极易受伤的。在加拿大西岸的一些地区，粉红鲑因海虱造成的死亡率常常超过八成<ref>{{cite journal | last = Krkošek | first = Martin | title = Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2007-12-14_318_5857/page/1772 | journal = Science | volume = 318 | issue = 5857 | pages = 1772–5 | doi = 10.1126/science.1148744 | pmid = 18079401 | year = 2007 | bibcode = 2007Sci...318.1772K | s2cid = 86544687 }}</ref>。