编辑“︁Android”︁（章节）

== 硬件支援 ==
{{Main|Wikipedia:Android專題/Android裝置列表}}
Android的主要硬體平台為[[ARM架構]]（包括[[ARM架構#ARM內核的授權與應用|ARMv7及ARMv8-A]] ），在更高階版本的Android中也正式支援[[x86]]及[[x86-64]]的架構<ref name="Android Lollipop platform support">{{cite web |title=Android Lollipop |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop.html |website=Android Developers |publisher=[[Google]] |accessdate=2017-03-11 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130145944/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop.html |archivedate=2017-01-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Support for 64-bit x86 |url=https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/x86-64.html |website=Android Developers |publisher=[[Google]] |accessdate=2017-03-11 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306033848/https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/x86-64.html |archivedate=2017-03-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Mark |last=LaPedus |title=Update: MIPS gets sweet with Honeycomb |url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1259370 |website=[[EE Times]] |publisher=AspenCore Media |date=2011-04-26 |accessdate=2017-03-11 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314194355/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1259370 |archivedate=2017-03-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NDK Revision History |url=https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads/revision_history |website=Android Developers |publisher=[[Google]] |accessdate=2018-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405155532/https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads/revision_history |archive-date=2019-04-05 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。非官方的[[Android-x86]]的項目在得到官方正式支援之前為x86架構提供支援<ref name="ARMAN-4.0-on-x86">{{cite web |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors |title=Google's Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors |last=Shah |first=Agam |date=2011-12-01 |work=[[Computerworld]] |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |accessdate=2017-03-11 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124084934/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors |archivedate=2012-01-24 }}</ref><ref name="#1">{{cite web |url=https://01.org/android-ia/ |title=Android on Intel Architecture |publisher=01.org |date=2013-07-11 |accessdate=2014-02-09 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209101735/https://01.org/android-ia/ |archivedate=2014-02-09 }}</ref>。ARMv5TE和MIPS32/64架構於過去得到支援，但在後來的Android版本中遭到刪除<ref>{{cite web |title=ABI Management |url=https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis |website=Android Developers |publisher=[[Google]] |accessdate=2018-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408105838/https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis |archive-date=2019-04-08 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。自2012年以來，隨著擁有[[英特爾]]處理器的Android裝置開始出現，包括手機<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phone-reviews/9314362/Orange-San-Diego-Intel-Android-mobile-phone-review.html |title=Orange San Diego Intel Android mobile phone review |last1=Warman |first1=Matt |date=2012-06-07 |work=The Daily Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited |accessdate=2013-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230223125/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phone-reviews/9314362/Orange-San-Diego-Intel-Android-mobile-phone-review.html |archive-date=2018-12-30 |dead-url=no }}</ref>及平板電腦。在得到對64位元平台的支援同時，Android最初是在64位元x86上運行，後來就在ARM64。自從Android 5.0 “Lollipop”以來，除32位元變體（32-bit variants）外，還支持所有64位元變體（64-bit variants）的平台。

運作Android 7.1的裝置對[[随机存取存储器|RAM]]最低要求的範圍從最佳硬體的2GB降到最常見屏幕的1GB；最低規格的32位元智慧型手機最小需要512MB。Android 4.4的建議是至少需要512MB的RAM，而對於「低RAM」設備，340MB是必需的最低容量，不包括專用內存的各種硬體組件，例如基帶處理器<ref>{{cite book |title=Android Compatibility Definition Document |publisher=Google |publication-date=November 27, 2013 |edition=4.4 |format=PDF |page=33 |section=7.6.1 |url=http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en/us/compatibility/android-cdd.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304103236/http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en/us/compatibility/android-cdd.pdf |archivedate=2014-03-04 |access-date=2018-09-17 }}</ref>。Android 4.4 需要[[32位元]]的ARMv7, [[MIPS架構|MIPS]]或[[x86]]的架構處理器（後兩者是非官方連接埠）<ref name="ARMAN-4.0-on-x86" /><ref name="#1" />，以及與[[OpenGL ES]] 2.0兼容的[[圖形處理器]]（GPU）一同使用<ref name="android-opengl-2.0">{{cite web
 |url         = http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html
 |title       = Android Developers: Graphics
 |accessdate  = 2013-11-15
 |website     = android.com
 |deadurl     = no
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20141010074412/http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html
 |archivedate = 2014-10-10
}}</ref>。Android支援OpenGL ES 1.1、2.0、3.0、3.1及截至現時為止最新的主要版本3.2及自Android 7.0的[[Vulkan (API)]]（和版本1.1適用於某些裝置<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://developer.nvidia.com/vulkan-android|title=Vulkan on Android|quote=Vulkan 1.1 is available as a Developer Preview OTA for the NVIDIA SHIELD TV.|date=2016-02-10|work=NVIDIA Developer|access-date=2018-03-21|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123153634/https://developer.nvidia.com/vulkan-android|archivedate=2018-01-23}}</ref>）。某些應用程式可能會明確要求使用某個版本的OpenGL ES，並且運行此類應用程序需要合適的GPU硬體<ref name="android-opengl-2.0" />。

Android裝置包括了許多可選的硬體部件，包括靜止或視頻錄像機、[[GPS]]、{{le|方向傳感器|Orientation sensing}}、專用遊戲控制器、[[加速規]]、[[陀螺儀]]、氣壓計、[[磁強計]]、[[接近傳感器]]、[[壓力傳感器]]、[[溫度計]]和[[觸控螢幕]]。某些硬體組件不是必需的，但在某些類別的設備（如智能手機）中成為了標準組件，若存在其他要求，則適用。最初需要一些其他硬體，但那些要求都經已放寬或完全取消。例如，由於Android最初是作為手機作業系統而開發的，因此必須麥克風等那些硬體，而隨著時間的推移，這些手機功能變成可選的項目<ref name="android-compatibility">{{cite web |title=Android Compatibility |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/compatibility.html |work=Android Developers |publisher=Google |accessdate=2013-11-16 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017081434/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/compatibility.html |archivedate=2013-10-17}}</ref>。Android曾經需要一台[[自動對焦]]的相機，這款相機已經放寬到成為[[定焦鏡頭|固定焦距]]相機<ref name="android-compatibility" />，若是現存的話，當Android開始在[[數位視訊轉換盒]]（俗稱機頂盒）上使用時，相機就能完全被丟棄了。

Android除了在智慧型手機和平板電腦上運作外，還可以在一些附有鍵盤和滑鼠的普通PC硬體上運作<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/product/1427121/n308.html|title=Lenovo N308 Desktop specs|work=PCWorld|accessdate=2014-11-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028175231/http://www.pcworld.com/product/1427121/n308.html|archivedate=2014-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Remix OS for PC|url=http://www.jide.com/remixos-for-pc|accessdate=2017-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927135811/http://www.jide.com/remixos-for-pc|archivedate=2017-09-27|quote=Now powered by Android Marshmallow.|deadurl=yes}}
<!-- based on (what's coming to Remix OS) http://www.android-x86.org/ :
    2017-09-10: The oreo-x86 branch is ready for developers.
    2017-06-08: The Android-x86 7.1-rc1 released (the first release candidate of nougat-x86).
--></ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2152540/android-on-the-big-screen-we-chew-up-and-spit-out-three-jelly-bean-all-in-one-pcs.html|title=Three Android all-in-one PCs reviewed|author=Michael Brown|date=2014-05-08|work=PCWorld|accessdate=2014-11-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028170619/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2152540/android-on-the-big-screen-we-chew-up-and-spit-out-three-jelly-bean-all-in-one-pcs.html|archivedate=2014-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techspot.com/review/805-acer-ta272-hul-android-aio/|title=Acer TA272 HUL Android All-in-One Review|author=Shawn Knight|work=TechSpot|accessdate=2014-11-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028215542/http://www.techspot.com/review/805-acer-ta272-hul-android-aio/|archivedate=2014-10-28}}</ref>。除了可在商用硬體上使用外，Android也有類似於PC硬體友好的版本，可以從Android-x86的項目中免費提供，包括個人訂制的Android 4.4版本<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.android-x86.org/releases/releasenote-4-4-r1|title=ReleaseNote 4.4-r1 – Android-x86 – Porting Android to x86|publisher=|accessdate=2014-11-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028173131/http://www.android-x86.org/releases/releasenote-4-4-r1|archivedate=2014-10-28}}</ref>。使用作為[[Android SDK]]一部分的[[仿真器]]，或第三方的仿真器，Android也可以在x86架構上非本機地執行<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/179691/4-ways-to-run-android-on-your-pc-and-make-your-own-dual-os-system/ |title=4 Ways to Run Android on Your PC and Make Your Own "Dual OS" System |publisher=Howtogeek.com |date=2014-01-13 |accessdate=2014-04-07 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084905/http://www.howtogeek.com/179691/4-ways-to-run-android-on-your-pc-and-make-your-own-dual-os-system/ |archivedate=2014-04-07 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Brad Chacos |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2048220/hybrid-hijinks-how-to-install-android-on-your-pc.html |title=Hybrid hijinks: How to install Android on your PC |publisher=PCWorld |date=2013-09-06 |accessdate=2014-04-07 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071525/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2048220/hybrid-hijinks-how-to-install-android-on-your-pc.html |archivedate=2014-04-07 }}</ref>。中國的一些公司基於Android，正在構建PC與行動裝置的作業系統，是「Google Android與[[Microsoft Windows]]之間的直接競爭<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2014/08/25/technology/security/china-os/|title=China ditching Windows and Android for its own operating system|author=Jose Pagliery|date=2014-08-25|work=CNNMoney|accessdate=2014-11-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028171711/http://money.cnn.com/2014/08/25/technology/security/china-os/|archivedate=2014-10-28}}</ref>。」中國工程學院指出，隨著中國禁止在政府電腦上使用Windows 8，數十家公司正在定制Android系統<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-28928369|title=BBC News – China plans new PC operating system in October|work=BBC News|accessdate=2014-11-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112054354/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-28928369|archivedate=2014-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324539404578342132324098420?mg=reno64-wsj|title=China Criticizes Android's Dominance|author=Paul Mozur|date=2013-03-05|work=WSJ|accessdate=2014-11-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929020352/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324539404578342132324098420?mg=reno64-wsj|archivedate=2015-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/24/us-china-technology-idUSKBN0GO08H20140824|title=China targets own operating system to take on likes of Microsoft, Google|work=Reuters|accessdate=2014-11-01|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028173428/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/24/us-china-technology-idUSKBN0GO08H20140824|archivedate=2014-10-28}}</ref>。