编辑“︁豹”︁（章节）

=== 共存 ===
[[文件:Leopard walking.jpg|thumb|250px|巡视中]]
虎在亚洲常常和豹栖息在同一地区。研究发现两者的猎物种类有80%以上的重叠，<ref name=coex_mud>{{cite journal | title = Food habits and prey selection of tiger and leopard in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India | url = http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228476287_Food_habits_and_prey_selection_of_tiger_and_leopard_in_Mudumalai_Tiger_Re-serve_Tamil_Nadu_India | author = T Ramesh, V Snehalatha, K Sankar, Qamar Qureshi | date = January 2009 | location = India | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2017-06-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170628171620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228476287_Food_habits_and_prey_selection_of_tiger_and_leopard_in_Mudumalai_Tiger_Re-serve_Tamil_Nadu_India | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name = coex_hmly>{{cite journal | title = Prey selection and food habits of three sympatric large carnivores in a tropical lowland forest of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504712003096 | author = K. Muthamizh Selvan, Gopi Govindhan Veeraswami, Salvador Lyngdoh, Bilal Habib, Syed Ainul Hussain | date = June 2013 | volume = 78 | issue = 4 | pages = 296–303 | location = India | doi = 10.1016/j.mambio.2012.11.009 | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191108/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504712003096 | dead-url = no }}</ref>在任何可能的情况下虎都会试图夺走豹的猎物甚至杀死豹。<ref name=coex_ghats>{{cite journal | title = Dietary Partitioning in Sympatric Large Carnivores in a Tropical Forest of Western Ghats, India | url = http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3106/041.037.0405 | author = Tharmalingam Ramesh, Riddhika Kalle, Kalyanasundaram Sankar, Qamar Qureshi | year = 2012 | doi = 10.3106/041.037.0405}}</ref>面对这样一个比自己大得多的对手，豹的常用策略是错开作息时间以及选择体型相对较小的猎物，<ref name=coex_ecosep>{{cite journal | title = On the Ecological Separation between Tigers and Leopards | url = http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/9815/1/42c1e927-c53e-40ce-b26a-a3d9bb4a4daa.pdf | author = John Seidensticker | publisher = The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation | location = USA | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2014-02-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140228053058/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/9815/1/42c1e927-c53e-40ce-b26a-a3d9bb4a4daa.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref>调查显示在猎物资源相对丰富的区域虎的猎物平均体重远远大于豹的猎物，在印度Nagarhole国家公园中虎的猎物平均体重为91.5公斤，而豹的则为37.6公斤。<ref name=coexist001/>不同的目标猎物群使得两者能够在这样的地区中相对和平的共存。而在大型[[有蹄类]]动物相对缺乏的地区虎会更加频繁地捕食体型较小的猎物，这会对豹施加较大的生存压力。<ref name=coexist001/><ref name = coex_hmly/>在印度的[[保护区]]内当虎占据了资源最优的区域之后豹的活动就会往保护区边缘发展，这会造成其和周围居民的冲突加剧。<ref name=coex_ecosep/>

[[豺]]是亚洲的另一种对豹构成威胁的[[掠食动物]]，虽然豺的体型远小于豹，一对一的时候会处于下锋，偶尔豹也会捕食豺。<ref>{{cite web | title = Sympatric Tiger, Leopard and Dhole | url = http://www.ecology.info/tiger-leopard.htm | year = 2012 | language = en | accessdate = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2017-10-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171018075037/http://www.ecology.info/tiger-leopard.htm | dead-url = no }}</ref>但是成群的豺有能力和虎豹一样捕杀大型猎物并且挑战大型[[肉食性动物|食肉动物]]比如豹甚至是虎。有案例表明豺群可以成功驱赶甚至杀死豹。<ref name=zgdwz/><ref name=coex_ghats/>虽然这样做对于豺群自身也伤害颇大且鲜少发生。豹和豺的猎物重叠率在某些区域高达98%，<ref name = coex_hmly/>竞争激烈的程度可见一斑。在印度很多地区豹的6%-10%的食物来源于[[长尾叶猴]]，<ref>{{cite web | title = Prey selection, food habits and dietary overlap between leopard Panthera pardus (Mammalia: Carnivora) and re-introduced tiger Panthera tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora) in a semi-arid forest of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/11250003.2012.687402 | date = 2012-08-02 | author = K. Mondal, S. Gupta, S. Bhattacharjee, Q. Qureshi, K. Sankar | publisher = Taylor & Francis | doi = 10.1080/11250003.2012.687402 | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2021-08-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210807104116/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/11250003.2012.687402 }}</ref>这一比例高于虎也远远高于不会爬树的豺，同时印度Pakhui老虎保护区中豹的[[食谱]]中[[啮齿类]]的构成比例也远远大于其它两者（豹的22.66%对比虎的2.75%和豺的3.06%），<ref name = coex_hmly/>这显示了豹子拥有的虎和豺都不具备的卓越攀爬猎食能力以及相对更广的猎物范围从而化解猎物重叠带来的生存危机。<ref name = coex_hmly/>

狮在非洲的存在也会压缩相同区域内豹的生存空间，和虎一样狮会毫不犹豫地夺走豹的猎物甚至不错过任何一个埋伏隐藏猎杀豹的机会。<ref name="kalahari"/>在和狮子共存的地区豹子会捕食体型偏小的猎物比如[[黑斑羚]]，[[薮羚]]以及[[灰小羚羊]]，而狮的主要猎物有[[剑羚]]，[[非洲水牛]]，[[牛羚]]，[[斑马]]和[[长颈鹿]]等较大型的食草动物。<ref name=hyena01>{{cite journal | title = Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo) | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x/abstract | author = M. W. Hayward | date = July 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2017-02-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215234930/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x/abstract | dead-url = no }}</ref>和老虎不同的是狮尽管不擅长但是会爬树，所以如果猎物没有被藏到很高的树枝上狮是可以上树抢夺的。
[[文件:Panthera pardus -Ngala Game Reserve, Limpopo, South Africa -with kill in tree-8.jpg|thumb|left|300px|和猎物，树上]]
[[斑点鬣狗]]体型巨大，在很多场合可以夺走豹的猎物。虽然雄豹有机会赶走落单的鬣狗并且保卫自己的战利品，甚至也有极少豹子捕杀斑点鬣狗的纪录。<ref>{{cite journal | title = spotted hyena(Crocuta crocuta) | url = http://www.denverzoo.org/downloads/dzoo_spotted_hyena.pdf | publisher = Denver Zoo | language = en | journal =  | access-date = 2014-02-20 | archive-date = 2015-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213835/http://www.denverzoo.org/downloads/dzoo_spotted_hyena.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>大多数情况下豹子会把猎物拖到树上来避开鬣狗们的纠缠。在一对一时一旦双方任何一方的力量都不足以战胜并赶走对方，斑点鬣狗也会和豹子共同进食。<ref>{{cite web | title = Leopard and a Spotted Hyena Sharing Meal | url = http://www.latestsightings.com/2013/11/01/leopard-and-a-spotted-hyena-sharing-meal/ | date = 2013-11-01 | location = South Africa | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140225042025/http://www.latestsightings.com/2013/11/01/leopard-and-a-spotted-hyena-sharing-meal/ | archivedate = 2014-02-25 | access-date = 2014-02-20 }}</ref>

[[棕鬣狗]]在非洲南部和豹的栖息地有所重叠，两者最常捕杀的都是中小型猎物。但是由于棕鬣狗的个体小于斑点鬣狗，攻击性也不如斑点鬣狗强，在和大型公豹的对峙中可能会处于劣势，而对体型较小的母豹却占有优势。<ref name = roode/>在卡拉哈里南部地区棕鬣狗会跟踪豹以期不劳而获但很少有看到像斑点鬣狗那样上前抢夺猎物或者干涉豹的进食。<ref name="kalahari"/><ref name = roode/>在没有猎物的情况下棕鬣狗和豹子即使相互遇到也会忽视对方的存在。在南非Roodewalshoek保护区中棕鬣狗表现为[[夜行性]]，活动时间是晚上19点到第二天早晨6点，在这段时间内傍晚时棕鬣狗最为活跃然后逐渐平息直到半夜开始再次活跃至凌晨结束。这在某种程度上和当地豹的活跃时间（凌晨3点到4点和夜晚20到22点）相交织。<ref name=roode>{{cite journal | title = LIVESTOCK, LEOPARDS AND BROWN HYAENAS: CONFLICTS OF COHABITATION IN THE ROODEWALSHOEK CONSERVANCY, MPUMALANGA | url = http://etd.uovs.ac.za/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-05172013-114816/unrestricted/Van_AsM.pdf | author = Michelle van As | date = January 2012 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140227195758/http://etd.uovs.ac.za/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-05172013-114816/unrestricted/Van_AsM.pdf | archivedate = 2014年2月27日 | access-date = 2014年2月20日 }}</ref>作息时间的交错也让两者降低相互发生摩擦的可能从而尽可能相安无事地共存。

[[条纹鬣狗|缟鬣狗]]是唯一一种在亚洲和豹有共同地盘的鬣狗。尽管给人的感觉比较胆小但是在印度也有过缟鬣狗在豹的注视下保卫自己的猎物以及从豹的口中夺走猎物的事例。<ref name = Fau_Pocock>{{cite book | title = Fauna of British India Mammals Volume 2 | url = https://archive.org/details/PocockMammalia2 | author = R I Pocock}}</ref>虽然缟鬣狗是体型较小的一种鬣狗也很可能无法承受豹的全力进攻，但是和豹子遭遇的结果并不容易预料，通常相遇时更先显露出支配欲的一方能够获得争斗的优势。<ref>{{cite web | title = Striped Hyena - Hyaena hyaena | url = http://wildanimalelite.yuku.com/topic/488/Striped-Hyena-Hyaena-hyaena#.UwWtyGKSz3Q | date = Nov 13 11 | access-date = 2014-02-20 | archive-date = 2014-03-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140315194949/http://wildanimalelite.yuku.com/topic/488/Striped-Hyena-Hyaena-hyaena#.UwWtyGKSz3Q | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
[[文件:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy.jpg|thumb|300px|注视]]
[[非洲野狗|野狗]]和豹捕捉种类相近的猎物例如[[汤氏瞪羚|汤姆森瞪羚]]和黑斑羚。<ref name = awd>{{cite journal | title = Comparative Notes on Predation by Lion, Leopard, Cheetah, and Wild Dog in the Serengeti Area. East Africa. Mammalia | url = http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/K/Kruuk_&_Turner_-_Predation_in_the_Serengeti_area.pdf | author = H. KRUUK, M. TURNER | doi = 10.1515/mamm.1967.31.1.1 | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-27 | date = Oct 2009 | access-date = 2021-05-18 | archive-date = 2021-04-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210410001514/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/K/Kruuk_%26_Turner_-_Predation_in_the_Serengeti_area.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref>野狗的体型小于豹，单打独斗不是豹的对手，<ref>{{cite web | title = Leopard kills two wild dogs | url = http://carnivoraforum.com/topic/9979657/1/ | publisher = CARNIVORA | date = 2013-10-31 | access-date = 2014-02-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140226151648/http://carnivoraforum.com/topic/9979657/1/ | archive-date = 2014-02-26 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>但是野狗群可以把豹赶到树上。<ref>{{cite web | title = Leopard and Wild Dogs clash Kruger Park | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh8gnWt0X1Q | publisher = YouTube | access-date = 2014-02-22 | archive-date = 2021-04-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210426074906/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh8gnWt0X1Q | dead-url = no }}</ref>在塞伦盖提地区野狗通常在凌晨或者黄昏出动而豹子更多是夜行性动物。两者所选择的捕猎场所也不尽相同，豹子偏爱茂密的植被进行伏击而野狗则喜欢平原或者开阔的林地追击猎物。不同的作息时间表和捕食策略也显示了即使两者瞄准同一个猎物物种也很有可能最终选择其中不同类型的个体下手。<ref name = awd/>

[[狼]]在[[亚美尼亚]]的Khosrov[[国家公园]]中和豹共存，虽然有说法称那里狼的领地和豹的生存范围并不重叠所以两个物种相互没有影响。<ref name=arm01/>也有纪录表示5-8条狼组成的狼群可以迫使豹放弃自己的食物。<ref>{{cite web | title = The Armenian leopard under a serious threat | url = http://enrin.grida.no/mediatour2003/env_story/caucasus/caucasus_11_eng.pdf | publisher = the newspaper “Bnutyun” | access-date = 2014-02-20 | archive-date = 2014-02-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140227152019/http://enrin.grida.no/mediatour2003/env_story/caucasus/caucasus_11_eng.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref>

[[雪豹]]和豹的竞争状况很少被研究因为两者生存地域的[[海拔高度]]不同，但是在[[喜玛拉雅山]]南部地区豹子的分布高度可以到达海拔5200米而雪豹也可以在海拔3000米处活动，在[[萨加玛塔国家公园]]中两者共存的范围跨度达海拔640米。通常豹的体型要大于雪豹也比较强壮，调查显示豹的猎物种类远多于雪豹且更喜欢在林地等植被茂盛的区域伏击猎物。尽管还没有具体案例证明现阶段两者有面对面的冲突但是人们也担心随着气候变化和人类不断向山上迁徙，豹的领地会不断扩大到更高海拔而和雪豹的冲突日趋尖锐。<ref name = snowleop>{{cite journal | title = Food habits of two leopard species, competition, climate change and upper treeline: a way to the decrease of an endangered species? | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03949370.2013.806362#.Uw3ygc57TAA | author = S. Lovari, M. Ventimiglia, I. Minder | date = 2013-07-09 | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 305-318 | doi = 10.1080/03949370.2013.806362 | journal =  | access-date = 2014-02-26 | archive-date = 2022-05-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220515032109/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03949370.2013.806362#.Uw3ygc57TAA }}</ref>

在恰当的时机豹会捕食比自己小的食肉动物比如[[黑背胡狼]]，[[大耳狐|蝠耳狐]]和[[土狼]]。<ref name="kalahari"/>

在猎物缺乏時，豹也會捕猎家畜，因而引发人豹之间的冲突。<ref name=arm01/><ref name=pers01>{{en}}{{Cite journal | author=Sanei, A., Zakaria, M. | year=2011 | url=http://journals.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/ALS/article/view/692/635 | title=Distribution pattern of the Persian leopard (“Panthera pardus saxicolor”) in Iran | doi=10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.585 | journal= | access-date=2014-02-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019161858/http://journals.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/ALS/article/view/692/635 | archive-date=2013-10-19 | dead-url=yes }}</ref>但也有调查显示相对家畜而言豹从人类居所捕捉的更多的猎物是[[狗|家狗]]。<ref name=indis/><ref>{{cite web | title = 野生豹闯入住宅捕捉家狗，印度(leopard snatches domestic dog) | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HObZeAVH-pk | publisher = YouTube | date = 2013-06-27 | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2021-04-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210426074907/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HObZeAVH-pk | dead-url = no }}</ref>