编辑“︁豹”︁（章节）

== 生態 ==
=== 领地 ===
[[File:A leopard on the tree in the Serengeti Plain.JPG|thumb|300px|一只花豹与她的宝宝站在赛伦盖蒂草原的一株大树上]]
豹是独居动物，具有很强的领地性。不同地区的豹因为猎物密度不同拥有大小不一的领地范围，通常认为领地内豹的数量和猎物的数量比应该在1:90到1:300之间。<ref name=arm01/>调查显示[[卡拉哈里沙漠]]地区的豹拥有大于别的地区的豹的地盘，公豹的巡视区域可以达到800平方公里左右，相比之下[[津巴布韦]]的豹领地大小为10到19平方公里，[[塞伦盖提]]草原的豹的领地在13平方公里左右。<ref name="kalahari"/>公豹领地常和几只母豹的领地重合。同性豹之间会尽量避免相遇。<ref name="kalahari">{{Cite journal | title=Aspects of the ecology and the behaviour of the Leopard Panthera pardus in the Kalahari desert | url=http://www.koedoe.co.za/index.php/koedoe/article/view/585 | author=J du P Bothma, E. A. N le Riche | date=1984-12-01 | doi=10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.585 | access-date=2014-02-10 | archive-date=2021-04-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426074410/https://koedoe.co.za/index.php/koedoe/article/view/585 | dead-url=no }}</ref>

豹子通过留下自己的气味标识其领地，常见的共有三种方式。<ref name=kalahari/>
* 低灌木或者草尖留下尿液并用后爪踩踏
* 向高灌木低垂的树枝上喷射尿液
* 向树干根部喷射尿液
领地是豹最重要的财富，它所需要的一切生存元素包括食物，水源，配偶都和自己所处的领地息息相关，所以尽管个性谨慎，领地斗争却很可能造成豹负伤甚至死亡。

=== 捕猎 ===
[[文件:Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) stalking.jpg|thumb|300px|潜近猎物，博茨瓦纳]]
豹捕猎约90种不同[[物种]]的[[猎物]]，小如[[金龜子]]，以至重達900公斤（1,984磅）的[[大羚羊]]（Giant Eland）都是豹的獵物，<ref name=CAP>Nowell, K.; Jackson, P. eds. (1996). [http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf ''Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan.''] {{Wayback|url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf |date=20070807215533 }} IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (see ''Panthera Pardus'', pp. 24 – 29.)</ref>主要的食物包括[[有蹄類|有蹄類動物]]及[[猴子]]，但亦會捕獵[[齧齒類]]、[[爬蟲類]]、[[兩棲類]]、[[鳥類]]及[[魚類]]等動物，<ref name="Schaller290">Schaller, p. 290</ref>甚至[[腐肉]]也包括在內。也有捕食[[黑猩猩]]和[[狒狒]]的紀錄。所以对于食物豹经常是一个[[机会主义者]]。<ref name=arm01/>

虽然猎物种类很多豹子偏爱体重10到40公斤的中等大小猎物。<ref name=preypre>{{en}}{{Cite journal | author = M. W. Hayward1, P. Henschel2, J. O'Brien3, M. Hofmeyr4, G. Balme5, G. I. H. Kerley1 | title = Prey preferences of the leopard (Panthera pardus) | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00139.x/abstract | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00139.x | date = October 2006 | access-date = 2014-02-11 | archive-date = 2018-02-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180227183407/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00139.x/abstract | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name=myl128>{{en}}{{Cite journal | author = S. MUKHERJEE, S.P. GOYAL and R. CHELLAM | title = Standardisation of scat analysis techniques for leopard(Panthera pardus) in Gir National Park, Western India | url = http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/mamm.1994.58.issue-1/mamm.1994.58.1.139/mamm.1994.58.1.139.xml | location = India | date = October 2009 | access-date = 2014-02-11 | archive-date = 2018-06-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180624132159/https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/mamm.1994.58.issue-1/mamm.1994.58.1.139/mamm.1994.58.1.139.xml | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name= coexist001>{{en}}{{Cite journal | title = Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests | url = http://www.catsg.org/catsglib/recordetail.php?recordid=1720 | author = K.ULLAS KARANTH and MELVINE E.SUNQUIST | location = India | year = 1995 | publisher = Journal of Animal Ecology | access-date = 2014-02-11 | archive-date = 2021-04-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210403053428/http://www.catsg.org/catsglib/recordetail.php?recordid=1720 | dead-url = no }}</ref>调查显示捕猎时豹会考虑猎物的大小和自己消耗能量的比率以发挥最佳猎食效率，<ref name=arm01>{{Cite journal|title=Ecology of the leopard in Khosrov Reserve, Armenia|url=http://www.wildlife.ir/Files/Leopard-Year/Khorozyan_&_Malkhasyan_2003_Ecology_in_the_leopard_in_Khosro.pdf|author=Igor Khorozyan, Alexander Malkhasyan|year=2003|location=Italy|access-date=2021-05-18|archive-date=2021-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410001412/https://www.wildlife.ir/Files/Leopard-Year/Khorozyan_%26_Malkhasyan_2003_Ecology_in_the_leopard_in_Khosro.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=kalahari/><ref name=preypre/>最受欢迎的猎物重量为25公斤左右。<ref name=preypre/>在非洲豹子最常捕猎[[黑斑羚]]，[[麂羚]]等小型[[羚羊]]，<ref name=preypre/>而在亚洲[[花鹿|白斑鹿]]是豹最喜欢捕捉的猎物。<ref name=myl128/>

豹是独行性动物，可以說是敏捷的獵手，身材矯健，動作靈活，奔跑速度快。奔跑时速可达58公里/小时。既會游泳，又會[[爬樹]]。性情機敏，嗅覺聽覺視覺都很好，智力超常，隐蔽性强，這些是老虎獅子所及不上的，牠亦是少數可適應不同環境的貓科動物。長長的尾巴在奔跑時可以幫助豹保持平衡。

和其他[[貓科動物]]一樣，豹會在密林的掩護下，潛近獵物并且突然袭击，攻擊獵物的頸部或口鼻部，令其窒息。有时豹会埋伏在树上等树下猎物经过时直接从天而降将其制伏，这种捕猎方式也是在别的猫科动物中鲜有的。通过对非洲[[喀拉哈里沙漠|卡拉哈里沙漠]]地区的调查显示那里的公豹平均3天猎食一次，哺育幼崽的母豹平均1.5天就需要去捕食一次。两次捕食之间的最长间隔为公豹5天，母豹4天。<ref name="kalahari"/>
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=== 繁殖 ===
[[文件:Kgalagadi National Park, South Africa (3187484056).jpg|thumb|300px|花豹母亲与孩子，南非]]
公豹和母豹都有可能同时拥有不止一位伴侣，<ref name=diver>{{Cite web | title = Panthera pardus leopard facts | url = http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Panthera_pardus/#faf2ef4511148e7d537e685acbd3aeca | language = en | publisher = Animal Diversity Web | access-date = 2014-02-12 | archive-date = 2014-10-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141008021550/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Panthera_pardus/#faf2ef4511148e7d537e685acbd3aeca | dead-url = no }}</ref>不同地区的豹子也可能在一年中的不同时段交配，在发情期母豹通过尿液释放[[信息素]]吸引公豹，当公豹被吸引后母豹会在它面前来回走动并用自己的身侧和尾巴去磨蹭公豹的身体。
[[文件:Leopard Mating Dance.jpg|left|thumb|300px|追求之舞]]
交配时公豹咬住母豹的脖颈部位以起到安抚的作用。每一次交配平均维持3秒钟左右，两次交配间隔约6分钟，在这样的频率下交配持续2至3天，<ref name=diver/>之后雄性离开，母豹独自生育后代。母豹怀孕期90至105天，每胎产1至4只幼崽，理论上幼豹的雌雄出生比例是1:1。<ref name="myl129"/>刚诞生的幼豹体重不足一公斤，双眼紧闭，一周后睁开。幼豹非常容易受到狮子，鬣狗，[[蟒蛇]]和狒狒等动物的攻击，所以母豹会在外出捕猎时把幼豹隐藏在极其隐秘的地方比如茂密的灌木丛，岩石的缝隙和或者中空的树干中，并且不定期移动巢穴。幼豹2周大时开始学步，6至8周大就可以跟随母亲一起移动了，3到4个月时断奶，在和母亲共同生活12到18个月之后独立。雌豹会在自己母亲领地边缘建立自己的领地，公豹会去到相对较远的地方建立较大的领地。2.5至3岁时性成熟，<ref name="myl129"/>母豹在8.5岁时绝育。在野生环境中豹的平均寿命为12-17年，圈养的豹寿命长于野生的同类，平均约21至23年，最高寿记录为27岁。<ref name=diver/>
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=== 共存 ===
[[文件:Leopard walking.jpg|thumb|250px|巡视中]]
虎在亚洲常常和豹栖息在同一地区。研究发现两者的猎物种类有80%以上的重叠，<ref name=coex_mud>{{cite journal | title = Food habits and prey selection of tiger and leopard in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India | url = http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228476287_Food_habits_and_prey_selection_of_tiger_and_leopard_in_Mudumalai_Tiger_Re-serve_Tamil_Nadu_India | author = T Ramesh, V Snehalatha, K Sankar, Qamar Qureshi | date = January 2009 | location = India | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2017-06-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170628171620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228476287_Food_habits_and_prey_selection_of_tiger_and_leopard_in_Mudumalai_Tiger_Re-serve_Tamil_Nadu_India | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name = coex_hmly>{{cite journal | title = Prey selection and food habits of three sympatric large carnivores in a tropical lowland forest of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504712003096 | author = K. Muthamizh Selvan, Gopi Govindhan Veeraswami, Salvador Lyngdoh, Bilal Habib, Syed Ainul Hussain | date = June 2013 | volume = 78 | issue = 4 | pages = 296–303 | location = India | doi = 10.1016/j.mambio.2012.11.009 | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191108/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504712003096 | dead-url = no }}</ref>在任何可能的情况下虎都会试图夺走豹的猎物甚至杀死豹。<ref name=coex_ghats>{{cite journal | title = Dietary Partitioning in Sympatric Large Carnivores in a Tropical Forest of Western Ghats, India | url = http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3106/041.037.0405 | author = Tharmalingam Ramesh, Riddhika Kalle, Kalyanasundaram Sankar, Qamar Qureshi | year = 2012 | doi = 10.3106/041.037.0405}}</ref>面对这样一个比自己大得多的对手，豹的常用策略是错开作息时间以及选择体型相对较小的猎物，<ref name=coex_ecosep>{{cite journal | title = On the Ecological Separation between Tigers and Leopards | url = http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/9815/1/42c1e927-c53e-40ce-b26a-a3d9bb4a4daa.pdf | author = John Seidensticker | publisher = The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation | location = USA | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2014-02-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140228053058/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/9815/1/42c1e927-c53e-40ce-b26a-a3d9bb4a4daa.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref>调查显示在猎物资源相对丰富的区域虎的猎物平均体重远远大于豹的猎物，在印度Nagarhole国家公园中虎的猎物平均体重为91.5公斤，而豹的则为37.6公斤。<ref name=coexist001/>不同的目标猎物群使得两者能够在这样的地区中相对和平的共存。而在大型[[有蹄类]]动物相对缺乏的地区虎会更加频繁地捕食体型较小的猎物，这会对豹施加较大的生存压力。<ref name=coexist001/><ref name = coex_hmly/>在印度的[[保护区]]内当虎占据了资源最优的区域之后豹的活动就会往保护区边缘发展，这会造成其和周围居民的冲突加剧。<ref name=coex_ecosep/>

[[豺]]是亚洲的另一种对豹构成威胁的[[掠食动物]]，虽然豺的体型远小于豹，一对一的时候会处于下锋，偶尔豹也会捕食豺。<ref>{{cite web | title = Sympatric Tiger, Leopard and Dhole | url = http://www.ecology.info/tiger-leopard.htm | year = 2012 | language = en | accessdate = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2017-10-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171018075037/http://www.ecology.info/tiger-leopard.htm | dead-url = no }}</ref>但是成群的豺有能力和虎豹一样捕杀大型猎物并且挑战大型[[肉食性动物|食肉动物]]比如豹甚至是虎。有案例表明豺群可以成功驱赶甚至杀死豹。<ref name=zgdwz/><ref name=coex_ghats/>虽然这样做对于豺群自身也伤害颇大且鲜少发生。豹和豺的猎物重叠率在某些区域高达98%，<ref name = coex_hmly/>竞争激烈的程度可见一斑。在印度很多地区豹的6%-10%的食物来源于[[长尾叶猴]]，<ref>{{cite web | title = Prey selection, food habits and dietary overlap between leopard Panthera pardus (Mammalia: Carnivora) and re-introduced tiger Panthera tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora) in a semi-arid forest of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/11250003.2012.687402 | date = 2012-08-02 | author = K. Mondal, S. Gupta, S. Bhattacharjee, Q. Qureshi, K. Sankar | publisher = Taylor & Francis | doi = 10.1080/11250003.2012.687402 | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2021-08-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210807104116/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/11250003.2012.687402 }}</ref>这一比例高于虎也远远高于不会爬树的豺，同时印度Pakhui老虎保护区中豹的[[食谱]]中[[啮齿类]]的构成比例也远远大于其它两者（豹的22.66%对比虎的2.75%和豺的3.06%），<ref name = coex_hmly/>这显示了豹子拥有的虎和豺都不具备的卓越攀爬猎食能力以及相对更广的猎物范围从而化解猎物重叠带来的生存危机。<ref name = coex_hmly/>

狮在非洲的存在也会压缩相同区域内豹的生存空间，和虎一样狮会毫不犹豫地夺走豹的猎物甚至不错过任何一个埋伏隐藏猎杀豹的机会。<ref name="kalahari"/>在和狮子共存的地区豹子会捕食体型偏小的猎物比如[[黑斑羚]]，[[薮羚]]以及[[灰小羚羊]]，而狮的主要猎物有[[剑羚]]，[[非洲水牛]]，[[牛羚]]，[[斑马]]和[[长颈鹿]]等较大型的食草动物。<ref name=hyena01>{{cite journal | title = Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo) | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x/abstract | author = M. W. Hayward | date = July 2006 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2017-02-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215234930/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x/abstract | dead-url = no }}</ref>和老虎不同的是狮尽管不擅长但是会爬树，所以如果猎物没有被藏到很高的树枝上狮是可以上树抢夺的。
[[文件:Panthera pardus -Ngala Game Reserve, Limpopo, South Africa -with kill in tree-8.jpg|thumb|left|300px|和猎物，树上]]
[[斑点鬣狗]]体型巨大，在很多场合可以夺走豹的猎物。虽然雄豹有机会赶走落单的鬣狗并且保卫自己的战利品，甚至也有极少豹子捕杀斑点鬣狗的纪录。<ref>{{cite journal | title = spotted hyena(Crocuta crocuta) | url = http://www.denverzoo.org/downloads/dzoo_spotted_hyena.pdf | publisher = Denver Zoo | language = en | journal =  | access-date = 2014-02-20 | archive-date = 2015-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213835/http://www.denverzoo.org/downloads/dzoo_spotted_hyena.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>大多数情况下豹子会把猎物拖到树上来避开鬣狗们的纠缠。在一对一时一旦双方任何一方的力量都不足以战胜并赶走对方，斑点鬣狗也会和豹子共同进食。<ref>{{cite web | title = Leopard and a Spotted Hyena Sharing Meal | url = http://www.latestsightings.com/2013/11/01/leopard-and-a-spotted-hyena-sharing-meal/ | date = 2013-11-01 | location = South Africa | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140225042025/http://www.latestsightings.com/2013/11/01/leopard-and-a-spotted-hyena-sharing-meal/ | archivedate = 2014-02-25 | access-date = 2014-02-20 }}</ref>

[[棕鬣狗]]在非洲南部和豹的栖息地有所重叠，两者最常捕杀的都是中小型猎物。但是由于棕鬣狗的个体小于斑点鬣狗，攻击性也不如斑点鬣狗强，在和大型公豹的对峙中可能会处于劣势，而对体型较小的母豹却占有优势。<ref name = roode/>在卡拉哈里南部地区棕鬣狗会跟踪豹以期不劳而获但很少有看到像斑点鬣狗那样上前抢夺猎物或者干涉豹的进食。<ref name="kalahari"/><ref name = roode/>在没有猎物的情况下棕鬣狗和豹子即使相互遇到也会忽视对方的存在。在南非Roodewalshoek保护区中棕鬣狗表现为[[夜行性]]，活动时间是晚上19点到第二天早晨6点，在这段时间内傍晚时棕鬣狗最为活跃然后逐渐平息直到半夜开始再次活跃至凌晨结束。这在某种程度上和当地豹的活跃时间（凌晨3点到4点和夜晚20到22点）相交织。<ref name=roode>{{cite journal | title = LIVESTOCK, LEOPARDS AND BROWN HYAENAS: CONFLICTS OF COHABITATION IN THE ROODEWALSHOEK CONSERVANCY, MPUMALANGA | url = http://etd.uovs.ac.za/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-05172013-114816/unrestricted/Van_AsM.pdf | author = Michelle van As | date = January 2012 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140227195758/http://etd.uovs.ac.za/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-05172013-114816/unrestricted/Van_AsM.pdf | archivedate = 2014年2月27日 | access-date = 2014年2月20日 }}</ref>作息时间的交错也让两者降低相互发生摩擦的可能从而尽可能相安无事地共存。

[[条纹鬣狗|缟鬣狗]]是唯一一种在亚洲和豹有共同地盘的鬣狗。尽管给人的感觉比较胆小但是在印度也有过缟鬣狗在豹的注视下保卫自己的猎物以及从豹的口中夺走猎物的事例。<ref name = Fau_Pocock>{{cite book | title = Fauna of British India Mammals Volume 2 | url = https://archive.org/details/PocockMammalia2 | author = R I Pocock}}</ref>虽然缟鬣狗是体型较小的一种鬣狗也很可能无法承受豹的全力进攻，但是和豹子遭遇的结果并不容易预料，通常相遇时更先显露出支配欲的一方能够获得争斗的优势。<ref>{{cite web | title = Striped Hyena - Hyaena hyaena | url = http://wildanimalelite.yuku.com/topic/488/Striped-Hyena-Hyaena-hyaena#.UwWtyGKSz3Q | date = Nov 13 11 | access-date = 2014-02-20 | archive-date = 2014-03-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140315194949/http://wildanimalelite.yuku.com/topic/488/Striped-Hyena-Hyaena-hyaena#.UwWtyGKSz3Q | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
[[文件:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy.jpg|thumb|300px|注视]]
[[非洲野狗|野狗]]和豹捕捉种类相近的猎物例如[[汤氏瞪羚|汤姆森瞪羚]]和黑斑羚。<ref name = awd>{{cite journal | title = Comparative Notes on Predation by Lion, Leopard, Cheetah, and Wild Dog in the Serengeti Area. East Africa. Mammalia | url = http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/K/Kruuk_&_Turner_-_Predation_in_the_Serengeti_area.pdf | author = H. KRUUK, M. TURNER | doi = 10.1515/mamm.1967.31.1.1 | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-27 | date = Oct 2009 | access-date = 2021-05-18 | archive-date = 2021-04-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210410001514/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/K/Kruuk_%26_Turner_-_Predation_in_the_Serengeti_area.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref>野狗的体型小于豹，单打独斗不是豹的对手，<ref>{{cite web | title = Leopard kills two wild dogs | url = http://carnivoraforum.com/topic/9979657/1/ | publisher = CARNIVORA | date = 2013-10-31 | access-date = 2014-02-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140226151648/http://carnivoraforum.com/topic/9979657/1/ | archive-date = 2014-02-26 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>但是野狗群可以把豹赶到树上。<ref>{{cite web | title = Leopard and Wild Dogs clash Kruger Park | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh8gnWt0X1Q | publisher = YouTube | access-date = 2014-02-22 | archive-date = 2021-04-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210426074906/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh8gnWt0X1Q | dead-url = no }}</ref>在塞伦盖提地区野狗通常在凌晨或者黄昏出动而豹子更多是夜行性动物。两者所选择的捕猎场所也不尽相同，豹子偏爱茂密的植被进行伏击而野狗则喜欢平原或者开阔的林地追击猎物。不同的作息时间表和捕食策略也显示了即使两者瞄准同一个猎物物种也很有可能最终选择其中不同类型的个体下手。<ref name = awd/>

[[狼]]在[[亚美尼亚]]的Khosrov[[国家公园]]中和豹共存，虽然有说法称那里狼的领地和豹的生存范围并不重叠所以两个物种相互没有影响。<ref name=arm01/>也有纪录表示5-8条狼组成的狼群可以迫使豹放弃自己的食物。<ref>{{cite web | title = The Armenian leopard under a serious threat | url = http://enrin.grida.no/mediatour2003/env_story/caucasus/caucasus_11_eng.pdf | publisher = the newspaper “Bnutyun” | access-date = 2014-02-20 | archive-date = 2014-02-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140227152019/http://enrin.grida.no/mediatour2003/env_story/caucasus/caucasus_11_eng.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref>

[[雪豹]]和豹的竞争状况很少被研究因为两者生存地域的[[海拔高度]]不同，但是在[[喜玛拉雅山]]南部地区豹子的分布高度可以到达海拔5200米而雪豹也可以在海拔3000米处活动，在[[萨加玛塔国家公园]]中两者共存的范围跨度达海拔640米。通常豹的体型要大于雪豹也比较强壮，调查显示豹的猎物种类远多于雪豹且更喜欢在林地等植被茂盛的区域伏击猎物。尽管还没有具体案例证明现阶段两者有面对面的冲突但是人们也担心随着气候变化和人类不断向山上迁徙，豹的领地会不断扩大到更高海拔而和雪豹的冲突日趋尖锐。<ref name = snowleop>{{cite journal | title = Food habits of two leopard species, competition, climate change and upper treeline: a way to the decrease of an endangered species? | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03949370.2013.806362#.Uw3ygc57TAA | author = S. Lovari, M. Ventimiglia, I. Minder | date = 2013-07-09 | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 305-318 | doi = 10.1080/03949370.2013.806362 | journal =  | access-date = 2014-02-26 | archive-date = 2022-05-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220515032109/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03949370.2013.806362#.Uw3ygc57TAA }}</ref>

在恰当的时机豹会捕食比自己小的食肉动物比如[[黑背胡狼]]，[[大耳狐|蝠耳狐]]和[[土狼]]。<ref name="kalahari"/>

在猎物缺乏時，豹也會捕猎家畜，因而引发人豹之间的冲突。<ref name=arm01/><ref name=pers01>{{en}}{{Cite journal | author=Sanei, A., Zakaria, M. | year=2011 | url=http://journals.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/ALS/article/view/692/635 | title=Distribution pattern of the Persian leopard (“Panthera pardus saxicolor”) in Iran | doi=10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.585 | journal= | access-date=2014-02-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019161858/http://journals.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/ALS/article/view/692/635 | archive-date=2013-10-19 | dead-url=yes }}</ref>但也有调查显示相对家畜而言豹从人类居所捕捉的更多的猎物是[[狗|家狗]]。<ref name=indis/><ref>{{cite web | title = 野生豹闯入住宅捕捉家狗，印度(leopard snatches domestic dog) | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HObZeAVH-pk | publisher = YouTube | date = 2013-06-27 | access-date = 2014-02-19 | archive-date = 2021-04-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210426074907/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HObZeAVH-pk | dead-url = no }}</ref>