编辑“︁囚犯”︁（章节）

== 囚犯自殺 ==
[[File:Suicides in prison compared to the general population (Europe, 2011-2015).svg|thumb|upright=1.5|歐盟國家在2011-2015年間，監獄囚犯自殺率與一般大眾自殺率的比較<ref name=EDJNet>{{cite news |last1=Ferrari |first1=Lorenzo |title=Why are there relatively fewer suicides in prison in the Balkans than elsewhere in Europe? |url=https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/News/Data-news/Why-are-there-relatively-fewer-suicides-in-prison-in-the-Balkans-than-elsewhere-in-Europe |access-date=22 August 2018 |work=OBC Transeuropa/EDJNet |date=14 May 2018 |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602235437/https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/News/Data-news/Why-are-there-relatively-fewer-suicides-in-prison-in-the-Balkans-than-elsewhere-in-Europe |dead-url=no }}</ref>
<br />{{legend|#73358d|一般大眾中每年每十萬人的自殺率}}{{legend|#9fcb4c|監所囚犯中每年每十萬人的自殺率}}]]
[[監獄]]囚犯[[自殺]]的可能性高於一般人。據一項研究，[[美国]]囚犯的自殺率是一般大眾的3到8倍<ref name="Risk factors for suicide in prisons: a systematic review and meta-analysis">{{cite journal |author1=Shaoling Zhong, MBBS, Morwenna Senior, MBBS |coauthors=Rongqin Yu, PhD, Amanda Perry, PhD, Prof Keith Hawton, FMedSci Prof, Jenny Shaw, PhD et al. |title=Risk factors for suicide in prisons: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=The Lancet |date=2021-02-09 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=164-174 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30233-4 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(20)30233-4/fulltext |accessdate=2021-05-31 |archive-date=2022-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410061833/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667%2820%2930233-4/fulltext |dead-url=no }}</ref>；而在許多國家，囚犯的自殺率也都高於一般人口；然而目前尚不了解這種高自殺率到底是監獄環境導致的，還是有自殺傾向的人更容易犯罪導致的。囚犯自殺的[[风险因子]]中，個人因素包括了自殺念頭、嘗試自殺的歷史以及心理診斷等；機構因素包括了被關在單獨牢房且沒有訪客等等；而犯罪學因素則包括了還押候審的狀態、被判處[[無期徒刑]]、被控[[暴力]][[犯罪]]，尤其被控[[杀人]]等等。<ref name="Risk factors for suicide in prisons: a systematic review and meta-analysis" />

監獄囚犯自殺常見的外顯動機包括害怕其他的獄友、害怕犯罪的後果或監禁，以及因為被關押而失去重要關係等等；<ref name=Liebling>{{cite journal|title=Prison Suicide and Prisoner Coping|author=Alison Liebling|journal=Crime and Justice|volume=26|number=Prisons|year=1999|pages=283–359|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|jstor=1147688|author-link=Alison Liebling|doi=10.1086/449299}}</ref>在監所中，隔離牢房是最常出現囚犯自殺的地點；而囚犯最常自殺的時間是早上。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bop.gov/news/PDFs/sum89.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202233827/http://www.bop.gov/news/PDFs/sum89.pdf |archive-date=2010-12-02 |url-status=yes }}</ref>在美國，有自殺傾向的囚犯可能會受到{{Link-en|自殺監視|Suicide watch}}的關注。