编辑“︁Google”︁（章节）

=== 上市 ===
[[File:Google’s First Production Server.jpg|thumb|right|Google的第一台产品服务器，用廉价的硬件建造而成<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102662167 |title=Google Server Assembly |publisher=Computer History Museum |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722083804/http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102662167 |archive-date=2010-07-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>]]
佩奇和布林在Google项目上最早获得投资是在1998年8月，[[Sun Microsystems]]的联合创始人[[安迪·贝托尔斯海姆]]给了两人一张十万[[美元]]的支票来用于搜索引擎的开发和运营，当时Google公司还尚未成立。<ref name="Bechtolsheim">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/04/29/MNGLD6CFND34.DTL |title=For early Googlers, key word is $$$ |last=Kopytoff |first=Verne |date=2004-04-29 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications |location=San Francisco |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919030812/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2004%2F04%2F29%2FMNGLD6CFND34.DTL |archivedate=2009-09-19 |accessdate=2017-06-08 }}</ref>到1999年，由于搜索引擎的开发花费了太多的学习时间，佩奇和布林甚至考虑将其出售。两人找到{{Link-en|Excite|Excite}}公司CEO乔治·贝尔（George Bell）提出一百万美元的收购价。尽管Excite的风险投资人[[维诺德·科斯拉]]在与Google的两位创始人谈判后将价格降低到75万美元，但仍被贝尔拒绝了。1999年6月7日，包括[[Kleiner Perkins公司]]和[[红杉资本]]在内的投资者为Google注资两千五百万美元。<ref name="Bechtolsheim"/><ref>{{Cite press release |url=http://google.com/pressrel/pressrelease1.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000309205910/http://google.com/pressrel/pressrelease1.html |archivedate=2000-03-09 |title=Google Receives $25 Million in Equity Funding |date=1999-06-07 |location=Palo Alto, Calif. |publisher=Google |deadurl=yes |access-date=2011-07-17 }}</ref>

Google在2004年8月19日进行了[[首次公开募股]]，公司发行了19,605,052份每股价值85美元的[[股票]]。<ref name="IPO">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040819_6843_tc120.htm|title=Google: Whiz Kids or Naughty Boys?|last=Elgin|first=Ben|date=2004-08-19|newspaper=BusinessWeek|publisher=Bloomberg, L.P.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hT7Hw63l?url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040819_6843_tc120.htm|archive-date=2009-06-12|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=//investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf|title=2004 Annual Report|year=2004|publisher=Google, Inc.|page=29|location=Mountain View, California|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128152300/http://investor.google.com/pdf/2004_AnnualReport.pdf|archive-date=2016-01-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>股票由[[摩根士丹利]]和[[瑞士信贷集团]]承销，以网上拍卖的形式发售。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/|title=Google sets $2.7 billion IPO|last=La Monica|first=Paul R.|date=2004-04-30|publisher=CNN Money|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BYbWCwIQ?url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/29/technology/google/|archive-date=2012-10-20|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/news/want-in-on-googles-ipo/135799|title=Want In on Google's IPO?|last=Kawamoto|first=Dawn|date=2004-04-29|work=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XV2yME?url=http://www.zdnet.com/news/want-in-on-googles-ipo/135799|archive-date=2012-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="washpost">{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html|title=Google's IPO: Grate Expectations|last=Webb|first=Cynthia L.|newspaper=Washington Post|publisher=The Washington Post Company|accessdate=2010-02-19|location=Washington, D.C.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808031101/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html|archive-date=2007-08-08|dead-url=no}}</ref> IPO后，Google公司的[[市值]]迅速上涨到超过230亿美元，而Google仍然控制着27182万（2.718281828和数学常数e有关）股票中的大多数股份，许多Google公司的雇员也在瞬间变成[[亿万富翁]]。而作为竞争对手的[[雅虎]]，也因为在Google上市前持有840万股票而受益。<ref name="yahooshares">{{Cite news|url=http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3392781|title=Yahoo and Google Settle|last=Kuchinskas|first=Susan|date=2004-08-09|work=internet.com|publisher=QuinStreet, Inc.|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194254/http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3392781|archive-date=2016-12-27|dead-url=no}}</ref>

有人怀疑Google公司的企业文化在上市后，会由于董事会施压或高管们的暴富而不可避免地被改变。<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/04/63241 |title=Quirky Google Culture Endangered? |newspaper=Wired Magazine |date=2004-04-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814174333/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/04/63241 |archivedate=2010-08-14 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref>两位创始人拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林则在一份报告中承诺，上市不会影响Google的公司文化，以作为对潜在投资者们的怀疑所做的回应。<ref>{{cite web |last1=Olsen |first1=Stefanie |last2=Kawamoto |first2=Dawn |url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1024-5201978.html |title=Google IPO at $2.7 billion |work=CNET News |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=2004-04-30 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510075237/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1024-5201978.html |archive-date=2011-05-10 |dead-url=no }}</ref>2005年，[[纽约时报]]等媒体撰文指出Google已经丧失了原来不作恶的哲学。<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rivlin |first=Gary |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/technology/24valley.html |title=Relax, Bill Gates; It's Google's Turn as the Villain |newspaper=New York Times |date=2005-08-24 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330120700/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/technology/24valley.html |archive-date=2015-03-30 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Gibson |first1=Owen |last2=Wray |first2=Richard |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/search-giant-may-outgrow-its-fans/2005/08/25/1124562975596.html3001.asp |title=Search giant may outgrow its fans |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=2005-08-25 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517075346/http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/search-giant-may-outgrow-its-fans/2005/08/25/1124562975596.html3001.asp |archive-date=2010-05-17 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ranka |first=Mohit |url=http://www.osnews.com/story/17928/Google--Dont-Be-Evil |title=Google – Don't Be Evil |publisher=OSNews |date=2007-05-17 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706224751/http://www.osnews.com/story/17928/Google--Dont-Be-Evil |archive-date=2010-07-06 |dead-url=no }}</ref>在此之下，为了保持与众不同的企业文化，Google专门指派了一位首席文化官，来为Google构建和维护企业内部广泛协助的扁平化组织，及其所产生的核心价值。<ref name="CCO">{{cite web |last=Mills |first=Elinor |url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/meet-google-s-culture-czar-339275147.htm |title=Google's culture czar |publisher=ZDNet |date=2007-04-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031155723/http://www.zdnet.com.au/meet-google-s-culture-czar-339275147.htm |archivedate=2010-10-31 |accessdate=2011-07-17 }}</ref> Google也面临前员工[[性别歧视]]和[[年龄歧视]]的指控。<ref>{{cite web |last=Kawamoto |first=Dawn |url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-hit-with-job-discrimination-lawsuit/2100-1030_3-5807158.html?tag=nl |title=Google hit with job discrimination lawsuit |publisher=CNET News |date=2005-07-27 |accessdate=2011-07-17 |archive-date=2019-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017004134/https://www.cnet.com/news/google-hit-with-job-discrimination-lawsuit/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071006/google_old_071006/20071006 |title=Google accused of ageism in reinstated lawsuit |newspaper=CTV News |publisher=CTV Television Network |date=2007-10-06 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011205140/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071006/google_old_071006/20071006 |archive-date=2007-10-11 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

首次公开募股之后，Google的股票形势良好，2007年10月31日，受益于在网络广告市场的强势盈利，<ref name="bowlingforgoogle">{{Cite news |last=La Monica |first=Paul R. |url=http://money.cnn.com/2005/05/25/technology/techinvestor/lamonica/index.htm |title=Bowling for Google |publisher=CNN |date=2005-05-25 |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XXqofq?url=http://money.cnn.com/2005/05/25/technology/techinvestor/lamonica/index.htm |archive-date=2012-02-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>股价首次超过700美元。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/business/hancock/blog/2007/10/google_shares_hit_700.html |title=Google shares hit $700 |date=2007-10-31 |last=Hancock |first=Jay |publisher=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659XVy0yM?url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/business/hancock/blog/2007/10/google_shares_hit_700.html |archive-date=2012-02-02 |dead-url=no }}</ref>相比大型的机构投资基金和[[共同基金]]，Google股票的股价的变动更多地是由个人投资者们所影响。<ref name="bowlingforgoogle" />在2015年第四季起，Google的上市地位由母公司[[Alphabet Inc.]]取代（[[股票代号]]分别为{{nasdaq2|GOOG}}、{{nasdaq2|GOOGL}}）。