编辑“︁钯”︁（章节）

==化合物==
{{Category see also|钯化合物}}
钯化合物通常以0价和+2价两种价态存在，其它价态的化合物也是已知的。总体上来说，与其它元素相比，钯化合物的性质和铂更接近。

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Alpha-palladium(II)-chloride-xtal-3D-balls.png|''α''-PdCl<sub>2</sub>的结构
File:Pd6Cl12-from-xtal-1996-CM-3D-ellipsoids.png|{{center|''β''-PdCl<sub>2</sub>的结构}}
</gallery>

===钯(II)===
[[氯化钯]]可由钯和氯气直接反应而成，是合成其它钯化合物的起点。氯化钯可以用来制造各种钯催化剂。<ref>{{OrgSynth|title = Palladium Catalysts|author = Mozingo, Ralph |collvol = 3|collvolpages = 685|year = 1955|prep = cv3p0685}}</ref>PdCl<sub>2</sub>的硝酸溶液会和[[乙酸]]反应，生成[[乙酸钯]]。PdCl<sub>2</sub>可和配体反应，产生平面正方形结构的PdCl<sub>2</sub>L<sub>2</sub>配合物，如[[苯甲腈]]配合物PdX<sub>2</sub>(PhCN)<sub>2</sub>。<ref>{{cite book|title =Bis(Benzonitrile)Dichloro Complexes of Palladium and Platinum|pages =60–63|volume= 28|doi =10.1002/9780470132593.ch13|date=1990|first1=Gordon K.|last1=Anderson|first2=Minren|last2=Lin|last3=Sen|first3= Ayusman|last4 =Gretz|first4=Efi|series =Inorganic Syntheses|isbn =978-0-470-13259-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1134/S1070328408110110 |title=Palladium complexes based on optically active terpene derivatives of ethylenediamine |journal=Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry |volume=34 |issue=11 |pages=855–857 |year=2008 |last1=Zalevskaya |first1=O. A |last2=Vorob'eva |first2=E. G |last3=Dvornikova |first3=I. A |last4=Kuchin |first4=A. V |s2cid=95529734 |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f9e8701ad51ea4fea95f9b6dc10f63137d69b9b }}</ref>
: PdCl<sub>2</sub> + 2 L → PdCl<sub>2</sub>L<sub>2</sub>（L = [[苯甲腈|PhCN]]、[[三苯基膦|PPh<sub>3</sub>]]、[[氨|NH<sub>3</sub>]]等）
[[二氯双(三苯基膦)钯]]是有用的催化剂。<ref>{{OrgSynth|title = Palladium-catalyzed reaction of 1-alkenylboronates with vinylic halides: (1Z,3E)-1-Phenyl-1,3-octadiene|collvol = 8|collvolpages = 532|author1-link=Norio Miyaura|author1= Miyaura, Norio|author2 = Suzuki, Akira|name-list-style=amp|year = 1993|prep = cv8p0532}}</ref>

[[File:Pd(OAc)2.jpg|thumb|left|[[乙酸钯]]]]

===钯(0)===
钯可以形成多种通式为PdL<sub>4</sub>、PdL<sub>3</sub>或PdL<sub>2</sub>的零价钯化合物。举个例子，还原PdCl<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>和PPh<sub>3</sub>的混合物可以得到[[四(三苯基膦)钯]]（(Pd(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>）：<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Inorg. Synth.|volume = 13|pages = 121–124|title = 23. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)|first1 = D. R.|last1 = Coulson|doi = 10.1002/9780470132449.ch23|date = 1972|last2 = Satek|first2 = L. C.|last3 = Grim|first3 = S. O.|series = Inorganic Syntheses|isbn = 978-0-470-13244-9}}</ref>
:2 PdCl<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 4 PPh<sub>3</sub> + 5 [[肼|N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]] → 2 Pd(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> + 4 N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>−</sup>

另一个重要的钯(0)配合物[[三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯]]（Pd<sub>2</sub>(dba)<sub>3</sub>）则可以通过[[四氯合钯(II)酸钠]]在[[二亚苄基丙酮]]存在下被还原而成。<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/C29700001065 |title=A novel palladium(0) complex; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) |journal=Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical Communications |issue=17 |pages=1065 |year=1970 |last1=Takahashi |first1=Y |last2=Ito |first2=Ts |last3=Sakai |first3=S |last4=Ishii |first4=Y }}</ref>

钯(0)和钯(II)化合物都是[[钯催化偶联反应|偶联反应]]的催化剂。[[乙酸钯]]、[[四(三苯基膦)钯]]和[[三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯]]都可用作催化剂或催化剂前体。<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WLb962AKlSEC&pg=PA392|chapter = Application to Organic Synthesis |page = 392|title = The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals|first = Robert H.|last = Crabtree|publisher = John Wiley and Sons|date = 2009|isbn = 978-0-470-25762-3}}</ref>

===其它氧化态===
钯(IV)化合物较罕见，其中一个例子是[[六氯合钯(IV)酸钾]] K<sub>2</sub>[PdCl<sub>6</sub>]。钯(III)的化合物也是已知的。<ref>{{Cite book|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-17429-2_6 |pmid=21461129 |pmc=3066514 |chapter=Palladium(III) in Synthesis and Catalysis |title=Higher Oxidation State Organopalladium and Platinum Chemistry |volume=35 |pages=129–156 |series=Topics in Organometallic Chemistry |year=2011 |last1=Powers |first1=David C |last2=Ritter |first2=Tobias |isbn=978-3-642-17428-5 }}</ref>2002年有人声称合成了钯(VI)，<ref name="pmid11786638">{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1067027 |pmid=11786638 |title=Synthesis and Structure of Formally Hexavalent Palladium Complexes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2002-01-11_295_5553/page/308 |journal=Science |volume=295 |issue=5553 |pages=308–310 |year=2002 |last1=Chen |first1=W |last2=Shimada |first2=S |last3=Tanaka |first3=M |bibcode=2002Sci...295..308C |s2cid=45249108 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11786632">{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1067921 |pmid=11786632 |title=CHEMISTRY: A New Oxidation State for Pd? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2002-01-11_295_5553/page/288 |journal=Science |volume=295 |issue=5553 |pages=288–289 |year=2002 |last1=Crabtree |first1=R. H |s2cid=94579227 }}</ref>但随后被反驳。<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=19750645 |year=2002 |last1=Aullón |first1=G |title=Hexakis(silyl)palladium(VI) or palladium(II with eta2-disilane ligands? |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=1956–9 |last2=Lledós |first2=A |last3=Alvarez |first3=S |doi=10.1002/1521-3773(20020603)41:11<1956::AID-ANIE1956>3.0.CO;2-# }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=19750644 |year=2002 |last1=Sherer |first1=E. C |title=Electronic structure and bonding in hexacoordinate silyl-palladium complexes |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=1953–6 |last2=Kinsinger |first2=C. R |last3=Kormos |first3=B. L |last4=Thompson |first4=J. D |last5=Cramer |first5=C. J |doi=10.1002/1521-3773(20020603)41:11<1953::AID-ANIE1953>3.0.CO;2-H |doi-access=free }}</ref>

钯也可以形成如Pd<sub>4</sub>(CO)<sub>4</sub>(OAc)<sub>4</sub>Pd(acac)<sub>2</sub>的混合价态化合物。Pd<sub>4</sub>(CO)<sub>4</sub>(OAc)<sub>4</sub>Pd(acac)<sub>2</sub>由Pd<sub>4</sub>(CO)<sub>4</sub>(OAc)<sub>4</sub>和Pd(acac)<sub>2</sub>这两个单元不断交替而成。<ref name="pmid25319757">{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/anie.201408461 |pmid=25319757 |title=A Motif for Infinite Metal Atom Wires |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |volume=53 |issue=51 |pages=14087–14091 |year=2014 |last1=Yin |first1=Xi |last2=Warren |first2=Steven A |last3=Pan |first3=Yung-Tin |last4=Tsao |first4=Kai-Chieh |last5=Gray |first5=Danielle L |last6=Bertke |first6=Jeffery |last7=Yang |first7=Hong }}</ref>

钯和[[电正性]]更强的元素形成合金时，会得到负电荷。这些化合物被称为钯化物，如[[钯化镓]]。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Armbrüster | first=Marc | title=Intermetallic compounds in catalysis – a versatile class of materials meets interesting challenges | journal=Science and Technology of Advanced Materials | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=21 | issue=1 | date=2020-01-31 | issn=1468-6996 | doi=10.1080/14686996.2020.1758544 | pages=303–322| pmid=33628119 | pmc=7889166 | bibcode=2020STAdM..21..303A }}</ref>[[稀土元素]]可以形成通式RPd<sub>3</sub>的钯化物。<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Wang | first1=Qiaoming | last2=Collins | first2=Gary S. | title=Nuclear quadrupole interactions of 111In/Cd solute atoms in a series of rare-earth palladium alloys | journal=Hyperfine Interactions | volume=221 | issue=1–3 | year=2013 | issn=0304-3843 | doi=10.1007/s10751-012-0686-4 | pages=85–98|arxiv=1209.3822| bibcode=2013HyInt.221...85W | s2cid=98580013 }}</ref>