编辑“︁汞”︁（章节）

===化学性质===
汞不与大多数的酸反应，例如稀[[鹽酸]]、稀硫酸、[[氢溴酸|氫溴酸]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=無機化學 (第四版)  (下冊)|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9787040521467_2|year=2019|isbn=978-7-04-052146-7|location=北京|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9787040521467_2/page/744 744]|language=zh-cn|edition=2020年9月第三刷|publisher=高等教育出版社|last=宋天佑、徐家寧、程功臻、王莉}}</ref>；但是氧化性酸，例如浓硫酸、浓硝酸和[[王水]]可以溶解汞并形成硫酸盐、硝酸盐和氯化物。汞也可和[[氢碘酸|氫碘酸]]反應生成[[氫氣]]和H<sub>2</sub>[HgI<sub>4</sub>]<ref name=":0" />。与银类似，汞也可以与空气中的[[硫化氢]]反应。汞还可以与粉末状的硫反应，这一点被用于处理汞泄露以后吸收汞蒸气的工具裡（也有用[[活性炭]]和锌粉的）。<ref name="Greenwood" />

汞具有恒定的[[体积膨胀系数]]，其金属活跃性低于[[锌]]和[[镉]]，且不能从[[酸]]溶液中置换出[[氢]]。一般汞化合物的[[化合价]]是+1或+2，+4价的汞化合物只有[[四氟化汞]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=High Oxidation States: Mercury tetrafluoride synthesized |url=http://psichem.de/research/hg.php |access-date=2012-08-22 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719073458/http://psichem.de/research/hg.php |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elusive Hg (IV) species has been synthesized under cryogenic conditions |url=http://www.speciation.net/Public/News/2007/10/12/3303.html |date=2007-10-12 |accessdate=2012-08-22 |archive-date=2012-05-08 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67W3e07zp?url=http://www.speciation.net/News/Elusive-HgIV-species-has-been-synthesized-under-cryogenic-conditions-;~/2007/10/12/3303.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>而+3价的汞化合物不存在<ref name="Riedel Kaupp 2009 pp. 606–624">{{Cite journal |title=The highest oxidation states of the transition metal elements |last=Riedel |first=Sebastian |last2=Kaupp |first2=Martin |journal=Coordination Chemistry Reviews |publisher=Elsevier BV |issue=5-6 |doi=10.1016/j.ccr.2008.07.014 |year=2009 |volume=253 |pages=606–624 |issn=0010-8545}}</ref>。

====汞齐====
汞容易与大部分普通金属形成[[合金]]，这些汞合金统称[[汞齊]]。能与汞形成合金的金属包括[[金]]和[[银]]，但不包括[[铁]]，所以铁粉一直以来被用于置换汞。其他一些第一行的过渡金属难于形成合金，但不包括[[锰]]、[[铜]]和[[锌]]。其他不易与汞形成合金的元素有[[铂]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Gmelin, Leopold|title=Hand book of chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AI5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA128|access-date=2012-12-30|date=1852|publisher=Cavendish Society|pages=103 (Na), 110 (W), 122 (Zn), 128 (Fe), 247 (Au), 338 (Pt)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509033751/http://books.google.com/books?id=1AI5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA128|archive-date=2013-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Soratur|title=Essentials of Dental Materials|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6HbxyaSt78C&pg=PT14|date=2002|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Publishers|isbn=978-81-7179-989-3|page=14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603085942/https://books.google.com/books?id=N6HbxyaSt78C&pg=PT14|archive-date=2016-06-03}}</ref>和其他一些金属。[[钠汞齐]]是有机合成中常用的[[还原剂]]，也被用于[[高压钠灯]]中。

当汞和纯金属[[铝]]接触时，它们易于形成[[铝汞齐]]，因为铝汞齐可以破坏铝表面的[[氧化铝]]层，所以即使很少量的汞也能严重腐蚀金属铝。出于这个原因，绝大多数情况下，汞不能被带上飞机，因为它很容易与飞机上暴露的铝质部件形成合金而造成危险。<ref name="CorrAl">{{cite book |author =Vargel, C. |author2 =Jacques, M. |author3 =Schmidt, M. P. |title =Corrosion of Aluminium |date =2004 |isbn =9780080444956 |publisher =Elsevier |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PA158 |page =158 |access-date =2021-12-24 |archive-date =2021-10-09 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20211009193043/https://books.google.com/books?id=NAABS5KrVDYC&pg=PA158 |dead-url =no }}</ref>