编辑“︁佛”︁（章节）

===翻譯與音韻===
“佛陀”为梵語बुद्ध（Buddha）之汉语音译，省称“佛”，華人民間亦稱[[佛祖]]。“佛”字現代漢語[[普通話]]（[[國語]]）唸fó，[[粵語]]唸fat<sup>6</sup>，[[閩南語]]唸hu̍t或pu̍t，[[吳語]]唸veh，[[客家話]]唸fut，[[朝鮮語]]（[[韓語]]）唸bul（<*but），[[越南語]]唸phật，[[日語]]唸butsu（<*but）；在[[古漢語]]中爲[[並母]]，即濁音b-，且爲-t[[入聲]]，故古漢語讀音*/bɨut/（[[鄭張尚芳]][[擬音]]）或*/but/（[[蒲立本]][[擬音]]）較接近梵語buddha、巴利語buddha第一個音節讀法。另有常見的譯名，如浮陀、休屠、浮屠、浮圖、浮頭、勃陀、勃馱、部多、部陀、毋陀、沒馱、沸馱、步他、復豆、佛圖、物他、馞陀、沒陀等。[[季羨林]]認為，“佛”其實是由西域語音譯成漢語的<ref>{{cite web |title=Tocharian word of the week: "Buddha" |url=https://www.facebook.com/TocharianManuscripts/posts/1593730534100391/}}[[吐火羅語|焉耆語]] 譯佛陀（Buddha）為pt-āñkät，[[吐火羅語|龜茲語]] 譯為pa-ñäkte / pūd-ñäkte。-ñkät，-ñäkte是主上、神明的意思。</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=David Jacobson |title=The Buddha in Greek |url=https://www.academia.edu/42816044/The_Buddha_in_Greek |journal= |date=2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607173416/https://www.academia.edu/42816044/The_Buddha_in_Greek |archive-date=2021-06-07 |access-date=2021-06-07 |dead-url=no}} [[貴霜帝國]]的[[巴克特里亞語]] ([[希臘字母]])稱Buddha為BOΔΔO (Boddo)。</ref>，由於[[佛教]]初期自西域傳入[[中國]]，而西域語言眾多，所以在[[漢語]]裡有種種不同的[[音譯]]名。

佛陀的漢譯爲“覺悟者”、“覺者”，它是一個陽性名詞，其陰性形態即音譯爲“菩提”的budhi。梵語बुद्ध（buddha）的本義即是“覺醒，醒悟，睡醒”，是梵語[[:wiktionary:बोधति#Sanskrit|बोधति]] （''bodhati''，義爲醒）的過去時態，來自[[原始印歐語]]*bʰewdʰ-，義爲醒著、意識到，其同源詞包括英文bode（昭告，兆示）、bid（示價，出價）、bede（祈禱、命令、示令）等。

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<div class="NavHead">Buddha在各文字的寫法</div>
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[[阿育王詔書]]（{{tsl|en|Ashokan Prakrit|阿育王時代俗語}}）
* [[婆羅米文字|婆羅米體]]：𑀩𑀼𑀥（Budha）
{{tsl|en|Mathura lion capital|馬圖拉獅子柱頭}}銘文（[[prakrit|古印度俗語]]）<ref>{{cite web |title=Mathura lion capital |url=https://gandhari.org/catalog?textID=48 |access-date=2021-06-16 |archive-date=2021-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501113534/https://gandhari.org/catalog?textID=48 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
*  [[佉盧文|佉盧體]]：𐨦𐨂𐨢（Budha）
[[巴利語]]/[[梵語]] Buddha（[[天城體]]：बुद्ध）
* [[悉曇體]]：{{Sidd|𑖤𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖠}}
* [[蘭札體]]：[[File:Buddha_-_Rañjanā_script.png|30px]]
* [[帕拉瓦文|帕拉瓦體]]：[[File:Buddha - Pallava script.png|30px]]
* [[僧伽羅文|僧伽羅體]]：බුද්ධ、බුද්‍ධ（[[僧伽羅語]]：බුදු ）
* [[孟加拉－阿薩姆文|東城體]]：বুদ্ধ（[[孟加拉語]]：Buddho）
* {{tsl|en|Pracalit script|尼瓦爾通俗體}}：{{Font|size=17px|𑐧𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐢}}
* [[古吉拉特文|古吉拉特體]]：બુદ્ધ
* [[夏拉達文|夏拉達體]]：𑆧𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆣
* [[古木基文|古魯穆奇體]]：ਬੁੱਧ
* [[烏荼文|烏荼體]]：ବୁଦ୍ଧ
*  [[莫迪體]]：{{Font|size=17px|𑘤𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠}}
* {{tsl|en|Gunjala Gondi script|貢德體}}：{{Font|size=20px|𑵮𑶍𑵸𑶗𑵹}}
* [[泰盧固文|泰盧固體]]：బుద్ధ（ [[泰盧固語]]： బుద్ధుడు）
* [[卡納達文|卡納達體]]：ಬುದ್ಧ
* [[坦米爾文|坦米爾體]]：பு³த்³த⁴ （ [[坦米爾語]]：புத்தன்、 புத்தர் ）
** 坦米爾體（古蘭塔延伸）：𑌬𑍁𑌦்𑌧
* [[古蘭塔文|古蘭塔體]] ：𑌬𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌧
** 古蘭塔體（[[潘地亞]]，八世紀）：[[File:Buddha - Grantha (Pandya).png|30px]]
* [[馬拉雅拉姆文|馬拉雅拉姆體]]：ബുദ്ധ（[[馬拉雅拉姆語]]：ബുദ്ധൻ）

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[[巴利語]]/[[梵語]] Buddha - 古代印度外文字
* [[緬文]]：ဗုဒ္ဓ，方體：[[File:Buddha- Burmese square script.jpg|30px]]
* [[撣文]]（[[傣那|大傣]]）：ၿုၻ်ꩪ（[[撣語]]：[[:wiktionary:ပုၵ်ႉထႃႉၽႃႇသႃႇ|ပုၵ်ႉထႃႉ]]）
* [[阿洪姆文|傣阿洪文]]（[[傣那|大傣]]）：𑜈𑜤𑜓𑜫𑜔
* [[老傣仂文|傣仂文]]（[[傣仂|小傣]]）：ᨻᩩᨴ᩠ᨵ
*  {{tsl|en|Chakma script|查克瑪文}}：𑄝𑄪𑄘𑄴𑄙𑄧
* [[高棉文]]：ពុទ្ធ
* [[泰文]]：พุทฺธ、พุทธะ， [[泰國高棉文]]： [[File:Buddha_-_Khom_Thai_script.png|30px]]
* [[寮文]]：ພຸທ຺ຘ、ພຸທທະ（[[寮語]]：ພຸດ）
* [[峇里字母]]：ᬩᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ
* [[爪哇字母]]：ꦧꦸꦢ꧀ꦣ，[[卡維文|古爪哇字母]]：[[File:Buddha - Kawi script.png|30px]]
* [[藏文]]：{{Font|size=25px|བུདྡྷ}}
* [[索永布字母]]：{{Font|size=20px|𑩲𑩒𑩭𑪙𑩮}}
* [[中文]]<ref>《梵語千字文》：「佛：沒馱」</ref>：沒馱
** [[閩南語]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=吳昭新 |title=新編台灣閩南語用字彙編 |url=https://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/download/files/WSL_TPS_Huibian.pdf |quote=沒、物：but<sup>8</sup>……他、陀、馱：to<sup>5</sup> |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505221401/https://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/download/files/WSL_TPS_Huibian.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>：bu̍t- tô，[[臺灣方音符號|注音]]：{{Font|size=17px|ㆠㄨ<sub>ㄉ̇</sub>　ㄉㄜˊ}}<ref>ㆠ ㄨ<sub>ㄉ̇</sub>的發音：
*  {{cite web |title=bu̍t - 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 |url=https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_main.jsp?random_form=-8749583621455796528&radiobutton=0&limit=20&querytarget=1&sample=bu%CC%8Dt&submit.x=22&submit.y=16 |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121211730/https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_main.jsp?random_form=-8749583621455796528&radiobutton=0&limit=20&querytarget=1&sample=bu%CC%8Dt&submit.x=22&submit.y=16 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>ㄉㄜˊ的發音：
*  {{cite web |title=tô - 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 |url=https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_main.jsp?random_form=-96890349852689033&radiobutton=0&limit=20&querytarget=1&sample=t%C3%B4&submit.x=37&submit.y=14 |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191309/https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_main.jsp?random_form=-96890349852689033&radiobutton=0&limit=20&querytarget=1&sample=t%C3%B4&submit.x=37&submit.y=14 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
[[巴利語]]/[[梵語]] Buddhā 
* [[八思巴字母]]：{{Phagspa|v|ꡎꡟꡊ ꡊꡜꡖ}}， [[蒙文]][[阿禮嘎禮字母|阿禮嘎禮]]：[[File:Mongolian_script_(Galik)_-_Buddhā.png|30px]]
* [[满文#转写梵文藏文字母|滿文阿禮嘎禮]]：{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠪᡠᡨᢡᠠᢇ|lang=mnc}}，圖片：[[File:Manchu_alphabet_(Galik)_-_Buddhā.jpg|30px]]
[[意譯]]詞
*  [[藏語]]、[[宗喀語]]：{{Font|size=25px|སངས་རྒྱས།}}（sangs rgyas）
**[[絨巴語]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Heleen Plaisier |title=A Grammar Of Lepcha |date=2007 |url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=DpCXEc_9RWcC&pg=PA240&lpg=PA240&dq=%22s%C3%A1nggye%22&source=bl&ots=vW9xsQSN6B&sig=ACfU3U1AzUnn6bWT_q7VqXfWX6PnPrtqPg&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjWxeHxsq7xAhU7xosBHZMbBGoQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=%22s%C3%A1nggye%22&f=false |access-date=2021-06-23 |archive-date=2021-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627215013/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=DpCXEc_9RWcC&pg=PA240&lpg=PA240&dq=%22s%C3%A1nggye%22&source=bl&ots=vW9xsQSN6B&sig=ACfU3U1AzUnn6bWT_q7VqXfWX6PnPrtqPg&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjWxeHxsq7xAhU7xosBHZMbBGoQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=%22s%C3%A1nggye%22&f=false |dead-url=no }}</ref>：{{Vtext-css3|ᰠᰦᰵᰃᰤᰬ}}、ᰠᰦᰵᰃᰤᰬ（sánggye）
* [[華語]]（[[文言文]]）：覺者、知者
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[[外來語|借詞]]
* [[巴克特里亞語]]： Βοδδο (Boddo)、Βουδο (Boudo)、Βοδο
*  [[吐火羅語|焉耆語]]：[[File:Tocharian_script_-_ptāñkät.jpg|48px]]（ptā[[:wiktionary:ñakte|ñkät]]）
* [[龜茲語]]： [[File:Tocharian script - pañäkte.jpg|52px]]（pa[[:wiktionary:ñakte|ñäkte]]）、[[File:Tocharian script - pūdñäkte.jpg|52px]]（pūd[[:wiktionary:ñakte|ñäkte]]）
* [[于闐語]]： [[File:Khotanese script - balysä.jpg|52px]]（balysä），經常稱為gyastä balysä（deva Buddha 或 god buddha）
* [[安息語]]<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Iris Colditz |title=Buddhist and Indian Elements in the Onomastics of the Iranian Manichaean Texts |journal=Entangled Religions |date=2020 |url=https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8710/8354 |access-date=2021-06-23 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204336/https://er.ceres.rub.de/index.php/ER/article/view/8710/8354 |dead-url=no }}</ref>：𐼾𐼴𐽂、　{{Rotate text| 180|{{Vtext-css3|𐼾𐼴𐽂}}}}（轉寫：pwt /but/，[[摩尼教]][[粟特字母|粟特]]文獻）
* [[粟特語]]<ref>* {{cite web |author1=Ilya Yakubovich |title=The Sogdian fragments of Samghata Sutra the German Turfan Collection. |url=https://www.academia.edu/582862/The_Sogdian_fragments_of_Samghata_Sutra_the_German_Turfan_Collection |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2021-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323204253/https://www.academia.edu/582862/The_Sogdian_fragments_of_Samghata_Sutra_the_German_Turfan_Collection |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite web|title=Budhist Terminology in Sogdian|url=http://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1761WXVVqWw.pdf|access-date=2021-06-19|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831003507/http://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1761WXVVqWw.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>：𐼾𐼴𐽂𐼷、　{{Rotate text| 180|{{Vtext-css3|𐼾𐼴𐽂𐼷}}}}（轉寫：pwty /buti/）
** [[回鶻字母]]：[[File:Old Uyghur alphabet - pwt (manuscript).jpg|18px]]（轉寫：pwt /but/）
* [[回鶻語]]：[[File:Old Uyghur alphabet - pwrqʾn (burhan).jpg|18px]]、[[File:Old Uyghur alphabet - burhan (manuscript).jpg|20px]]（轉寫： pwr[[汗 (頭銜)|qʾn]] /bur[[清軟顎擦音|x]]an/）
* [[傣那語]]：[[File:Buddha - Tai Le script.png|25px]]（phu<sup>4</sup>raa<sup>4</sup>），借自[[緬語]]：[[:wiktionary:ဘုရား|ဘုရား]]
** [[阿洪姆語|傣阿洪語]]<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Stephen Morey |title=Ahom and Tangsa: Case studies of language maintenance and loss in North East India |journal=Language Documentation & Conservation |date=2014 |volume=7 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19485421.pdf |access-date=2021-06-20 |archive-date=2017-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114235640/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19485421.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>：[[File:Phura - Tai Ahom Script.jpg|40px]]（phura）、[[File:Phra - Tai Ahom Script.jpg|35px]]（phra）
**  [[撣語]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Marseille, Carmen Eva |title=Shan-Ni grammar and processes of linguistic change |date=2019 |page=34 |url=https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A2605808/view |access-date=2021-06-26 |archive-date=2021-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526082139/https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item:2605808/view |dead-url=no }}</ref>：ၽြႃး（[[:wiktionary:ၽြႃး|phraa<sup>4</sup>]]）
* [[華語]]：佛、佛陀（舊譯：浮屠、浮圖、浮陀等）
** 北京官話：fó，粵語<ref>{{cite web |title=香港小學習字表 |url=https://chineselearning.omghomework.com/search/%E4%BD%9B/1 |access-date=2021-06-23 |archive-date=2021-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627231720/https://chineselearning.omghomework.com/search/%E4%BD%9B/1 |dead-url=no }}</ref>：fat<sup>6</sup> / fat<sup>1</sup>，吳語<ref>{{cite web |title=吳音小辭典 |url=https://wu-chinese.com/minidict/search.php?searchkey=%E4%BD%9B&searchlang=suceu&category= |access-date=2021-06-23 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211722/https://wu-chinese.com/minidict/search.php?searchkey=%E4%BD%9B&searchlang=suceu&category= |dead-url=no }}</ref>：veh
** 閩南語<ref>* {{cite web|title=臺灣閩南語常用辭典|url=https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=2877&curpage=1&sample=%E4%BD%9B&radiobutton=0&querytarget=1&limit=20&pagenum=1&rowcount=2|access-date=2021-06-23|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628195817/https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=2877&curpage=1&sample=%E4%BD%9B&radiobutton=0&querytarget=1&limit=20&pagenum=1&rowcount=2|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite web|title=臺灣閩南語常用辭典|url=https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=2878&curpage=1&sample=%E4%BD%9B&radiobutton=0&querytarget=1&limit=20&pagenum=1&rowcount=2|access-date=2021-06-23|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628153857/https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/result_detail.jsp?n_no=2878&curpage=1&sample=%E4%BD%9B&radiobutton=0&querytarget=1&limit=20&pagenum=1&rowcount=2|dead-url=no}}</ref>：hu̍t {{Font|size=17px|ㄏㄨ}}<sub>ㄉ̇</sub> / pu̍t {{Font|size=17px|ㄅㄨ<sub>ㄉ̇</sub>}}，客語<ref>{{cite web |title=臺灣客家語常用辭典 |url=https://hakkadict.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dalldb&s=id=%22HK0000003201%22.&searchmode=basic&checknoback=1 |access-date=2021-06-23 |archive-date=2021-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628165959/https://hakkadict.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dalldb&s=id=%22HK0000003201%22.&searchmode=basic&checknoback=1 |dead-url=no }}</ref>：fud
* [[白語]]<ref>* {{cite journal |author1=Allen, Bryan |title=Bai dialect survey |journal=Journal of Language Survey Reports |date=2007 |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9121 |access-date=2021-06-20 |archive-date=2020-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719085136/https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9121 |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite web |author1=Yeon-Ju Lee |author2=Laurent Sagar |title=NO LIMITS TO BORROWING: THE CASE OF BAI AND CHINESE |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00781005/document |access-date=2021-06-20 |archive-date=2020-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201162812/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00781005/document |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite web|title=喪葬白祭文|url=http://www.dalidaily.com/dianzi/site1/dlrb/html/2014-07/02/content_188362.htm|quote=（祭）啊老啊時很者佛（白）At laoz at zid het zerd weip（漢）阿爺一時成佛去|access-date=2021-06-20|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201733/http://www.dalidaily.com/dianzi/site1/dlrb/html/2014-07/02/content_188362.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>* {{cite web|title=【法訊】2012大理公館白族密宗消災延壽藥師祈福法會|url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_68d310c901016ff2.html|quote=藥師琉璃光王佛，白語稱為"yo sail veip"|access-date=2021-06-20|archive-date=2021-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161330/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_68d310c901016ff2.html|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite web|title=新白文與白族佛教密宗的初次碰撞|author=趙煒|url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_496021ee0100ssjh.html|quote=dop veip mox 大佛母……yo sail veip 藥師佛|access-date=2021-06-20|archive-date=2013-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312151243/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_496021ee0100ssjh.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>：佛（拉丁白文：weip /we<sup>42</sup>/、veip /ve<sup>42</sup>/）
* [[日語]]： 佛、仏（[[訓讀]]：ほとけ；[[音讀]]：ぶつ，butsu）
* [[韓語]]： 佛（불）、佛陀（불타，bulta）、부처
** 古韓語：부텨、佛體
* [[越南語]]：佛 （[[越南語字母|越南語拉丁字]]：phật）、侼（ bụt）
*[[占語]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cham dictionary |url=https://nguoicham.com/cdict/inalang/phat-buddha/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211124/https://nguoicham.com/cdict/inalang/phat-buddha/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>：ꨝꨭꩅ（but）、ꨞꨪꩀ（bhik）
* [[契丹語]]：{{Font|size=18px|全}}（擬音：bor）<ref>* {{cite journal |author1=爱新觉罗乌拉熙春 |title=“天朝万顺(岁)”臆解可以休矣 |journal=中韩第三届《宋辽夏金元史》国际学术研讨会论文 |url=https://www.apu.ac.jp/~yoshim/ginnhei.pdf |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191130/http://www.apu.ac.jp/~yoshim/ginnhei.pdf |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite news|title=契丹文研究:400多个契丹原字的一半已被解读(3)|url=https://www.jasve.com/zh-tw/scang/a7ff11e57082aaf705b1b5fbc274f26e.html|work=中国社会科学报|date=2010|accessdate=2021-06-19|archive-date=2021-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161406/https://www.jasve.com/zh-tw/scang/a7ff11e57082aaf705b1b5fbc274f26e.html|dead-url=no}}
*{{cite web |title=Khitan Geography Part 1 |url=https://babelstone.co.uk/Blog/2013/05/khitan-geography-part-1.html |website=babelstone |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2019-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514174244/http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Blog/2013/05/khitan-geography-part-1.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>，或說 [[File:A Khitan large script.jpg|20px]] 亦是<ref name="陶金">{{cite journal |author1=陶金 |title=A collective study of Liao and Jin emperors’ honorific titles, temple names and era names in Khitan scripts（辽金帝王契丹文尊号年号汇考） |journal=Journal of Sino-Western Communications |date=2015 |url=https://www.academia.edu/38857073/A_collective_study_of_Liao_and_Jin_emperors_honorific_titles_temple_names_and_era_names_in_Khitan_scripts_%E8%BE%BD%E9%87%91%E5%B8%9D%E7%8E%8B%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87%E5%B0%8A%E5%8F%B7%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7%E6%B1%87%E8%80%83_ |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2021-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161416/https://www.academia.edu/38857073/A_collective_study_of_Liao_and_Jin_emperors_honorific_titles_temple_names_and_era_names_in_Khitan_scripts_%E8%BE%BD%E9%87%91%E5%B8%9D%E7%8E%8B%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87%E5%B0%8A%E5%8F%B7%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7%E6%B1%87%E8%80%83_ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* [[女真語]]：[[File:Buudha - Jurchen script.jpg|20px]]（擬音：futʃïçi）<ref name="陶金"/><ref>{{cite web |title=金启孮：佛（女真文） |url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6f9316e90100on0i.html |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2021-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161421/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6f9316e90100on0i.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation |url=http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3817.pdf |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417205548/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3817.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>
*  [[西夏語]]<ref>{{cite web |title=古今文字集成  - 𗢳 |url=http://www.ccamc.co/tangut.php?n4694=%F0%97%A2%B3 |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2021-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114170611/http://www.ccamc.co/tangut.php?n4694=%F0%97%A2%B3 |dead-url=no }}</ref>：{{Font|size=19px|𗢳}}（擬音：tha）
** 漢語對音字<ref>* {{cite web |title=古今文字集成 - 𘒶 |url=http://www.ccamc.co/tangut.php?XHZDid=0418 |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2017-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215833/http://ccamc.co/tangut.php?XHZDid=0418 |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite journal |author1=林英津 |title=論西夏語語wjɨ非指涉「佛」之實體名詞 |journal=LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS |date=2009 |url=http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/Files/LL/Docments/Journals/10.1/j2009_1_07_7007.pdf |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2021-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824163113/http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/Files/LL/Docments/Journals/10.1/j2009_1_07_7007.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>：{{Font|size=19px|𘒶}}（佛）、{{Font|size=19px|𘒶𗁬}}（佛陀）
* [[蒙古語]]：{{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ|v|style=max-height:1.2em;word-wrap:normal}}（bur[[汗 (頭銜)|qan]] /bur[[清軟顎擦音|x]]aŋ/），圖片：[[File:Mongolian - бурхан.jpg|35px]]
* [[達斡爾語]]：bar[[汗 (頭銜)|kan]]（ /barkən/、 /barkn/、/ bar[[清軟顎擦音|x]]uŋ/）<ref>* {{cite web |title=達斡爾達漢小詞典 |url=https://wenku.baidu.com/view/9b5f4e80b9d528ea81c7791d |access-date=2021-06-19 |archive-date=2021-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161601/https://wenku.baidu.com/view/9b5f4e80b9d528ea81c7791d |dead-url=no }}
* 栗林均《達斡爾語詞彙 》，東北大学東北亞研究中心，35頁
* {{cite web |author1=大竹昌巳 |title=ダグール語の音韻 ―共時的記述と通時的記述― |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/84117594.pdf |access-date=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2021-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824163128/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/84117594.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>
*[[满語]]：{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ|lang=mnc}}（fucihi）
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