编辑“︁氯”︁（章节）

==== 第一次世界大战 ====
{{Main|{{le|第一次世界大战的化学武器|Chemical weapons in World War I}}}}
[[第一次世界大战]]的[[第二次伊珀尔战役]]期间，氯气于1915年4月22日首次被德意志帝国陆军用作[[化学武器|武器]]<ref>"Battle of Ypres" ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''</ref><ref name=CEN2015>{{cite journal | first = Sarah | last = Everts | url = http://chemicalweapons.cenmag.org/when-chemicals-became-weapons-of-war/ | title = When Chemicals Became Weapons of War | journal = Chemical & Engineering News | volume = 93 | issue = 8 | date = 2015-02-23 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160330203223/http://chemicalweapons.cenmag.org/when-chemicals-became-weapons-of-war/ | archive-date = 2016-03-30 }}</ref>正如士兵们所描述的，它有一种胡椒和凤梨混合的独特气味，也尝到了金属味，刺痛了喉咙和胸部的后部。氯会和肺[[粘膜]]中的水反应，形成[[盐酸]], 对活组织具有破坏性并可能致命。[[防毒面具]]和[[活性炭]]或其他过滤器可以保护人体呼吸系统免受氯气的侵害，这使得氯气的致命性远低于其他化学武器。它是由德国科学家[[弗里茨·哈伯]]与[[法本公司]]合作开发的，后者开发了排放氯气的方法来对付[[壕溝]]里的敌人。<ref>{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9FljcEASycC&pg=PA226| page=226| title=Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production| isbn=978-0-262-69313-4| author1=Smil, Vaclav| date=2004-04-01| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231220856/https://books.google.com/books?id=G9FljcEASycC&pg=PA226| archive-date=2015-12-31}}</ref>首次使用后，双方都使用氯作为化学武器，但很快就被更致命的[[光气]]和[[芥子气]]所取代。<ref name="First World War">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/weaponry/gas.htm|title=Weapons of War: Poison Gas|publisher=First World War.com|access-date=2007-08-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821004525/http://www.firstworldwar.com/weaponry/gas.htm|archive-date=2007-08-21}}</ref>