编辑“︁碘”︁（章节）

=== 缺乏 ===
{{main|碘缺乏症}}
当一个人的尿碘低于100μg/L时，他就患上了碘缺乏症。<ref>{{cite book | last=De Benoist | first=Bruno | author2=World Health Organization. Nutrition for Health and Development | title=Iodine status worldwide : WHO global database on iodine deficiency | publisher=Dept. of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization | publication-place=Geneva | date=2004 | isbn=978-92-4-159200-0 | oclc=58790071}}</ref>在饮食中碘含量较少的地区（如没有海产的偏远内陆地区和半干旱气候地区）生活的人较易得碘缺乏症。<ref name="Dissanayake">{{Cite journal| vauthors = Dissanayake CB, Chandrajith R, Tobschall HJ |title = The iodine cycle in the tropical environment – implications on iodine deficiency disorders|journal = International Journal of Environmental Studies|volume = 56 |page= 357| doi = 10.1080/00207239908711210|date = 1999|issue = 3}}</ref>[[碘缺乏症]]会导致[[甲状腺机能低下症]]，它的症状为极度疲劳、[[甲状腺肿]]、智力减退、抑郁、体重增加和基础体温下降。<ref>{{Cite book|chapter = Endemic Goiter|title = Endocrinology & metabolism|vauthors = Felig P, Frohman LA|publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional|date = 2001|isbn = 978-0-07-022001-0|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AZUUGrp6yUgC&pg=RA1-PA351|access-date = 2022-12-02|archive-date = 2023-01-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230112212836/https://books.google.com/books?id=AZUUGrp6yUgC&pg=RA1-PA351|dead-url = no}}</ref>婴儿和小孩因缺碘而导致甲状腺功能减退造成的碘缺乏症是可避免的[[智能障碍]]的主因。发达国家采用食盐加碘的方法解决了该问题，但碘缺乏症在发展中国家里仍是严重的公共卫生问题。<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/idd/en/|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060930020824/http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/idd/en/|url-status =dead|archive-date =30 September 2006|title = Micronutrient deficiency: iodine deficiency disorders|publisher = WHO}}</ref>给中度缺碘儿童补充碘可改善他们的信息处理、精细动作技能和视觉问题解决能力。<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zimmermann MB, Connolly K, Bozo M, Bridson J, Rohner F, Grimci L | title = Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-clinical-nutrition_2006-01_83_1/page/108 | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 83 | issue = 1 | pages = 108–114 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16400058 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108 | doi-access = free }}</ref>