编辑“︁梅毒”︁（章节）

==预防==
截至2020年為止，並沒有疫苗能有效地預防梅毒<ref name=ST10/>，不過正在研發一些根據梅毒螺旋體蛋白來降低病變的疫苗<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cameron|first1=CE|last2=Lukehart|first2=SA|title=Current status of syphilis vaccine development: need, challenges, prospects.|journal=Vaccine|date=2014-03-20|volume=32|issue=14|pages=1602–9|pmid=24135571|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.053 }}</ref>。避免與感染者的親密身體接觸可以有效降低梅毒傳播機率，正確使用[[安全套|乳膠安全套]]也可以降低梅毒傳播機率，但不等於能完全消弭相關風險<ref name="CDC Fact Sheet" /><ref>{{cite journal |author=Koss CA, Dunne EF, Warner L |title=A systematic review of epidemiologic studies assessing condom use and risk of syphilis |journal=Sex Transm Dis |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=401–5 |date=July 2009 |pmid=19455075 |doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181a396eb |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_sexually-transmitted-diseases_2009-07_36_7/page/401}}</ref>。[[美國疾病管制局]]建議與未感染的性伴侶維持類似一夫一妻制的長期關係，並避免使用[[酒精]]及其他會增加危險性行為可能性的藥物<ref name="CDC Fact Sheet">{{cite web | title = Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | date = 2010-09-16 | url = http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis-detailed.htm | accessdate = 2007-05-30 | archive-date = 2019-09-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190914214321/https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis-detailed.htm | dead-url = no }}</ref>。

只要孕婦在懷孕初期進行產檢以及在感染梅毒後立即著手治療，則可以預防新生兒感染先天性梅毒的機會<ref name=Screening04>{{cite journal|last=Schmid|first=G|title=Economic and programmatic aspects of congenital syphilis prevention|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|date=June 2004|volume=82|issue=6|pages=402–9|pmid=15356931|pmc=2622861}}</ref>，「{{le|美國預防醫學工作小組|United States Preventive Services Task Force}}」強烈建議所有的懷孕婦女都應進行全面性的篩檢<ref>{{cite journal|last=U.S. Preventive Services Task|first=Force|title=Screening for syphilis infection in pregnancy: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=2009-05-19 |volume=150|issue=10|pages=705–9|pmid=19451577|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-00008}}</ref>而[[世界衛生組織]]則建議婦女在初次以及[[妊娠|妊娠第三期]]時的產檢時實施梅毒篩檢<ref name=Lancet11/>。若檢驗結果呈現陽性，相關單位會建議伴侶也應同樣接受治療<ref name=Lancet11>{{cite journal|last=Hawkes|first=S|author2=Matin, N |author3=Broutet, N |author4=Low, N |title=Effectiveness of interventions to improve screening for syphilis in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The Lancet infectious diseases|date=2011-06-15 |pmid=21683653|volume=11|issue=9|pages=684–91|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70104-9}}</ref>。先天性梅毒在開發中國家依舊橫行，因為多數的產婦並沒有接受[[產檢]]，而就算有產檢的婦女，也不一定有進行過梅毒篩檢<ref name=Screening04/>。在已開發國家有時也會有零星個案，因為那些最容易感染梅毒的族群（例如因使用毒品等原因者），也是在懷孕期間最少受到妥善照顧的一群<ref name=Screening04/>。目前有多項措施，是希望協助中低收入國家藉由篩檢，降低先天性梅毒的患病人數，而這些措施都已證實是相當有效<ref name=Lancet11/>。

梅毒在許多國家都是列為[[法定傳染病]]，包括加拿大<ref>{{cite web|title=National Notifiable Diseases|url=http://dsol-smed.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dsol-smed/ndis/list-eng.php|publisher=Public Health Agency of Canada|date=2005-04-05|accessdate=2011-08-02|archive-date=2015-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908043534/http://dsol-smed.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dsol-smed/ndis/list-eng.php|dead-url=no}}</ref>、歐盟<ref>{{cite journal|last=Viñals-Iglesias|first=H|author2=Chimenos-Küstner, E|title=The reappearance of a forgotten disease in the oral cavity: syphilis|journal=Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal|date=2009-09-01 |volume=14|issue=9|pages=e416–20|pmid=19415060}}</ref>與美國都是如此<ref>{{cite web|title=Table 6.5. Infectious Diseases Designated as Notifiable at the National Level-United States, 2009 [a]|url=http://www.unboundmedicine.com/redbook/ub/view/RedBook/187389/all/Table_6_5__Infectious_Diseases_Designated_as_Notifiable_at_the_National_Level_United_States__2009_%5Ba%5D|work=Red Book|accessdate=2011-08-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120913180413/http://www.unboundmedicine.com/redbook/ub/view/RedBook/187389/all/Table_6_5__Infectious_Diseases_Designated_as_Notifiable_at_the_National_Level_United_States__2009_%5Ba%5D|archivedate=2012年9月13日}}</ref>。這就表示醫護人員需要在必要時通報衛生主管機關，同樣地，對該名患者的伴侶也有進行{{le|伴侶風險告知|partner notification}}的義務<ref>{{cite book|title=Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing.|year=2010|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-8589-1|pages=2144|edition=12th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmtjSD1x688C&pg=PA2144|access-date=2016-03-14|archive-date=2016-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518012909/https://books.google.com/books?id=SmtjSD1x688C&pg=PA2144|dead-url=no}}</ref>，醫師也須鼓勵病患去尋求醫療協助<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hogben|first=M|title=Partner notification for sexually transmitted diseases|journal=Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America|date=2007-04-01|volume=44 Suppl 3|pages=S160–74|pmid=17342669|doi=10.1086/511429}}</ref>。疾病管制局建議，有進行男男性交的男性每年至少需進行一次梅毒篩檢<ref>{{cite web|title=Trends in Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States: 2009 National Data for Gonorrhea, Chlamydia and Syphilis|url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats09/tables/trends-table.htm|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=2010-11-22|accessdate=2011-08-03|archive-date=2015-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630001442/http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats09/tables/trends-table.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

有許多方法可提高梅毒篩檢的後續追蹤，包含藉由電子郵件和簡訊做提醒<ref name="DesaiWoodhall2015">{{cite journal|last1=Desai|first1=Monica|last2=Woodhall|first2=Sarah C|last3=Nardone|first3=Anthony|last4=Burns|first4=Fiona|last5=Mercey|first5=Danielle|last6=Gilson|first6=Richard|title=Active recall to increase HIV and STI testing: a systematic review|journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections|year=2015|pages=sextrans-2014-051930|issn=1368-4973|doi=10.1136/sextrans-2014-051930}}</ref>。