编辑“︁豹”︁（章节）

== 现状 ==
花豹在非洲及热带亚洲部分地区依然常见，然而其分布范围正在缩小当中，原因是栖息地丧失或被分割，加上被商业捕猎、或被视为害兽，其中数个亚种也处于[[濒危]]状态，因而在[[IUCN紅色名錄]]中被整体评估为[[易危]]物种。<ref name=iucn/>
[[文件:Aravali range inside Ranthambhore, Rajasthan.jpg|thumb|250px|兰森堡国家公园]]

=== 估计数量 ===
由于豹是一种行踪隐秘的动物，统计它们的野生数量有相当的难度。估计1990年代时大约有70万只。<ref name="gillesmartin-2008">{{fr}} {{cite journal|author=Gilles Martin|journal=[[Image & Nature]]|title=L'arche photo : la panthère d'Afrique|volume=13|date=March–May 2008|pages=28-29}}</ref>通常认为在非洲个体数量在5万至10万只之间。印度豹的数量应该是在1万只左右。东北豹（远东豹）7-12只在中国境内，大约20只在俄罗斯境内（2012年）；爪哇豹323-525只（2007年）；阿拉伯豹200-250只（2006年）；波斯豹891-1209只（2008年）；斯里兰卡豹700-950只（2007年）。另根据不完整统计中国境内有1000到1500只野生华北豹。
[[文件:Serengeti-Landscape-2012.JPG|thumb|250px|塞伦盖提大草原]]

=== 濒危因素 ===
*因为攻击人类或者家畜遭到报复被杀
*因非法毛皮交易而被偷猎
*因为有蹄类食草动物遭到人类大量捕杀从而失去充足的食物
*因人类开垦而栖息地面积大量减少，原先整块的栖息地被分割成小块，造成种群数量和基因多样性品质都下降。<ref name="myl129"/>
[[文件:Yala Wetland.jpg|thumb|250px|雅拉国家公园湿地]]

=== 保护措施 ===
豹从1975年7月起受[[濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约]]（CITES）附录一的保护。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unep-wcmc-apps.org/isdb/CITES/Taxonomy/tax-species-result.cfm?Genus=Panthera&Species=pardus&source=animals&displaylanguage=eng&tabname=legal |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2015年7月2日 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329190206/http://www.unep-wcmc-apps.org/isdb/CITES/Taxonomy/tax-species-result.cfm?Genus=Panthera&Species=pardus&source=animals&displaylanguage=eng&tabname=legal |archivedate=2017年3月29日 }}</ref>这意味着豹的出口需要事先取得出口许可证，而且每年有大约2600头的限额。<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title=Text of the Convention|url=http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/text.shtml|accessdate=2015-07-01|archive-date=2008-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113031033/http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/text.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>[[国际自然保护联盟]]（IUCN）2008年将豹认定为[[近危物种]]（NT），而对五个亚种有不同的认定：斯里兰卡豹<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title=Panthera pardus ssp. kotiya|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/15959&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20kotiya%20%28Deraniyagala%2C%201956%29|accessdate=2015-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609041913/http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fapps%2Fredlist%2Fdetails%2F15959&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20kotiya%20%28Deraniyagala%2C%201956%29|dead-url=no}}</ref>和波斯豹<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title=Panthera pardus ssp. saxicolor|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/15961&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20saxicolor%20%28Pocock%2C%201927%29|accessdate=2015-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605125355/http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fapps%2Fredlist%2Fdetails%2F15961&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20saxicolor%20%28Pocock%2C%201927%29|dead-url=no}}</ref>为[[濒危物种]]（EN），爪哇豹<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title=Panthera pardus ssp. melas|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/15962&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20melas%20%28G.%20Cuvier%2C%201809%29|accessdate=2015-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603022256/http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fapps%2Fredlist%2Fdetails%2F15962&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20melas%20%28G.%20Cuvier%2C%201809%29|dead-url=no}}</ref>、阿拉伯豹<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title=Panthera pardus ssp. nimr|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/15958&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20nimr%20%28Hemprich%20%26%20Ehrenberg%2C%201833%29|accessdate=2015-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605195343/http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fapps%2Fredlist%2Fdetails%2F15958&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20nimr%20%28Hemprich%20%26%20Ehrenberg%2C%201833%29|dead-url=no}}</ref>和远东豹<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title=Panthera pardus ssp. orientalis|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/15958&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20nimr%20%28Hemprich%20%26%20Ehrenberg%2C%201833%29|accessdate=2015-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605195343/http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fapps%2Fredlist%2Fdetails%2F15958&title=esp%C3%A8ce%20Panthera%20pardus%20ssp.%20nimr%20%28Hemprich%20%26%20Ehrenberg%2C%201833%29|dead-url=no}}</ref>为[[极危物种]]（CR）。

非洲多国已禁止（
•如[[安哥拉]]、[[刚果民主共和国]]、[[卢旺达]]等）或严格限制（如[[南非]]、[[纳米比亚]]、[[坦桑尼亚]]）猎杀豹。坦桑尼亚政府2007年7月将每只豹的出口关税从2500美元提高到12000美元。<ref name="gillesmartin-2008" />1988年12月10日经[[中华人民共和国国务院]]批准，豹已被列为[[国家一级保护动物]]，严禁捕杀。<ref>{{cite web | title = 国家一级、二级保护动物名单 | url = http://www.3lian.com/cha/2013/142.html | language = zh-hans | access-date = 2014-03-10 | archive-date = 2019-06-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190621004930/https://www.3lian.com/cha/2013/142.html | dead-url = no }}</ref>

为了维持圈养的豹的种群数量，已有针对各亚种的保护计划。如波斯豹<ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/PERSIAN%20LEOPARD.html|title=Persian Leopard|year=2008|accessdate=2015-07-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083656/http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/PERSIAN%20LEOPARD.html|archivedate=2015-09-24}}</ref>、华北豹<ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/NORTH%20CHINESE%20LEOPARD.html|title=North Chinese Leopard|year=2008|accessdate=2015-07-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130131512/http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/NORTH%20CHINESE%20LEOPARD.html|archivedate=2012-01-30}}</ref>、斯里兰卡豹<ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/SRI%20LANKA%20LEOPARD.html|title=Sri Lanka Leopard|year=2008|accessdate=2015-07-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130121234/http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/SRI%20LANKA%20LEOPARD.html|archivedate=2012-01-30}}</ref>和远东豹<ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/AMUR%20LEOPARD.html|title=Amur Leopard|year=2008|accessdate=2015-07-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130151803/http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/AMUR%20LEOPARD.html|archivedate=2012-01-30}}</ref>受到{{link-en|欧洲濒危物种保护计划|European Endangered Species Programme}}（EEP）的保护。远东豹还受到美国{{link-en|物种生存计划|American Endangered Species Programme}}（SSP）的保护。<ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=https://ams.aza.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?webcode=APProfile&key=8e72e385-9b5e-420d-a184-652bad4ccca0&ap1_key=8e72e385-9b5e-420d-a184-652bad4ccca0&ap1_pt1_key=92bae3e8-3e14-4373-80ca-4b6995704dc6|title=Animal Program - Leopard, Amur SSP|author=[[Association des Zoos et des Aquariums]]|accessdate=2015-07-02|archive-date=2021-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426074955/https://ams.aza.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?webcode=APProfile&key=8e72e385-9b5e-420d-a184-652bad4ccca0&ap1_key=8e72e385-9b5e-420d-a184-652bad4ccca0&ap1_pt1_key=92bae3e8-3e14-4373-80ca-4b6995704dc6|dead-url=no}}</ref>