编辑“︁Windows RT”︁（章节）

== 历史 ==
2011年的[[消费电子展]]上，微软宣布下一代Windows将为基于[[ARM架構|ARM架构]]的[[單晶片系統]]（SoC）提供支持，之后时任Windows部门总裁[[史蒂芬·辛諾夫斯基|斯蒂芬·辛诺夫斯基]]演示了一个能运行在[[高通]][[驍龍|骁龙]]、[[德州仪器]][[OMAP]]、[[英伟达]][[图睿#Tegra 2系列|Tegra 2]]等ARM SoC上的早期版本ARM移植版Windows，其代号为Windows on ARM。这个原型内还包含有可运行的[[Internet Explorer 9]]（带有向Tegra 2的[[圖形處理器|GPU]]提供的[[DirectX]]支持）、[[PowerPoint]]和[[Word]]，其还能透过{{tsl|en|Class driver|类别驱动}}来驱动[[愛普生|爱普生]]的打印机执行打印工作。辛诺夫斯基认为将硬件设计转换向SoC将会是“一场自然而然的硬件变革，并且不止限于[[平板电脑]]，而是涉及所有形态的设备”，而微软时任首席执行官[[史蒂夫·鲍尔默]]也强调了使Windows支持SoC的重要性，他表示微软的目标是使Windows能够“没有任何妥协的运行在任何设备上”<ref name="zdnet-cesunveil">{{cite web |title=CES: Windows to run on ARM chips, says Microsoft |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/ces-windows-to-run-on-arm-chips-says-microsoft/ |work=[[ZDNet]] |date=2011-01-06 |last=Bisson |first=Simon |access-date=2012-11-21 |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |archive-date=2014-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229010948/http://www.zdnet.com/article/ces-windows-to-run-on-arm-chips-says-microsoft/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

WoA的开发最初是从移植[[Windows 7]]代码开始的；因为当时市场上可用的ARM平板很少，故微软当时是使用[[Windows Mobile]]手机来测试WoA的早期构建版本的。后来又转用定制的[[19吋机柜|机架式]]ARM阵列系统来进行测试<ref name="bw8-buildingarm">{{cite web |title=Building Windows for the ARM processor architecture |url=https://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/02/09/building-windows-for-the-arm-processor-architecture.aspx |work=Building Windows 8 |date=2012-02-09 |last=Sinofsky |first=Steven |access-date=2012-11-21 |publisher=Microsoft |archive-date=2012-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217164837/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/02/09/building-windows-for-the-arm-processor-architecture.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>。微软还对Windows的代码库进行了修改，以适配ARM设备的内部硬件，此外还运用到一些x86系统的技术标准。WoA设备会使用[[UEFI]]固件及基于软件的[[可信平台模組|可信平台模组]]来提供设备加密和[[統一可延伸韌體介面#Secure Boot|UEFI安全启动]]<ref name="cw-rtsecureboot">{{cite web |title=Windows 8 on ARM: You can look but you can't touch |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2501405/windows-8-on-arm--you-can-look-but-you-can-t-touch.html |work=[[Computerworld]] |date=2012-01-13 |last=Niccolai |first=James |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306143348/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2501405/windows-8-on-arm--you-can-look-but-you-can-t-touch.html |archive-date=2019-03-06 |access-date=2012-01-27 |publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]}}</ref>。其同时还会使用[[高级配置与电源接口|ACPI]]来发现和控制[[即插即用]]设备，以及提供SoC外的电源管理。为了提供更广泛的硬件支持，如[[人体学接口设备]]和存储设备等透过[[USB]]和[[I²C]]连接的外设和组件都使用了类别驱动和标准协议，而[[Windows Update]]则能够升级所有系统驱动、软件和[[固件]]<ref name="bw8-buildingarm" />。

微软在其后的下一次介绍里展示了新操作系统，也就是[[Windows 8]]在其它方面的内容，在这些变更（包括以[[Metro UI|Metro设计语言]]为触控设备打造的新界面）之下是[[Windows Runtime]]（WinRT）的引入。使用这个新架构开发的软件能够拥有处理器独立能力，使它们能够同时兼容x86及ARM设备<ref name="cnet-mozilla" />。这些软件会着重对触控操作进行适配，同时还会被限制在[[沙盒 (電腦安全)|沙盒环境]]中运行，以增强安全性。微软还为这些软件提供了专门的分发渠道：[[Windows Store]]，一个类似于[[App Store (iOS/iPadOS)|App Store]]和[[Google Play]]的[[应用商店]]服务。WinRT还针对ARM设备进行了优化，以向它们提供“更可靠”的体验；但Windows on ARM对传统[[Win32]]软件的[[向后兼容]]却也以此为由被微软忽略。开发团队表示，现有的Windows软件并未针对ARM架构进行优化，无法发挥出ARM架构的优势，而WinRT则已足以为所有应用程序提供“足够的发挥空间”，且“同时也能避免产生会影响整体用户体验的缺陷”。而缺乏向后兼容性也能使此前的所有[[恶意软件]]无法在系统中运行<ref name="bw8-buildingarm" /><ref name="verge-talkswin8">{{cite web |title=Microsoft talks Windows Store features, Metro app sandboxing for Windows 8 developers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/17/3026590/microsoft-windows-8-developers-windows-store-sandboxing |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2012-05-17 |last=Ziegler |first=Chris |access-date=2012-09-08 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archive-date=2012-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910150803/http://www.theverge.com/2012/5/17/3026590/microsoft-windows-8-developers-windows-store-sandboxing |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=“Windows RT 是什么？” |url=https://www.ifanr.com/177702 |website=爱范儿 |date=2012-10-22 |language=zh-CN |author=陈一斌 |access-date=2025-10-26}}</ref>。

2012年4月16日，微软宣布正式命名Windows on ARM为Windows RT<ref name="bw-win8editions">{{cite web |title=Announcing the Windows 8 Editions |url=http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2012/04/16/announcing-the-windows-8-editions/ |work=Blogging Windows |date=2012-04-16 |last=LeBlanc |first=Brandon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802140736/https://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2012/04/16/announcing-the-windows-8-editions/ |archive-date=2014-08-02 |access-date=2012-04-17 |publisher=Microsoft}}</ref>。微软并未明确解释“RT”一名的含义，不过据信此名是映衬了WinRT架构<ref name="wsj-rtname">{{cite web |title=What Does the 'RT' In Windows RT Stand For? |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2012/10/26/what-does-the-rt-in-windows-rt-stand-for-nothing-andor-something/ |work=Wall Street Journal |date=2012-10-26 |last=Gara |first=Tom |access-date=2013-07-10 |archive-date=2013-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726135721/http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2012/10/26/what-does-the-rt-in-windows-rt-stand-for-nothing-andor-something/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arm的十年PC征程，和微软的“暧昧” |url=https://www.eet-china.com/news/202103161145.html |website=电子工程专辑 |date=2021-03-16 |author=黄烨锋}}</ref>。斯蒂芬·辛诺夫斯基表示微软将确保会在宣传材料中明确说明Windows RT和8之间的区别。但亦有报道指出，微软的[[Surface (2012)|Surface]]平板宣传网页上只有模棱两可的兼容性差异说明，且{{tsl|en|Microsoft Store (retail)|微软商店 (零售)|微软线下零售店}}的销售代表对Windows RT给出的解释也前后矛盾，有时甚至还存在错误。对此，微软回应称会在Windows 8及Windows RT发布前对商店员工进行平均十五小时的培训，以确保他们能根据消费者的需求引导他们做出正确的选择<ref name="theverge-rtconfusion">{{cite web |title=With Surface looming, Microsoft fails to explain Windows 8 vs. Windows RT to consumers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/17/3514556/windows-8-vs-windows-rt-surface-confused-microsoft-store-employees |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2012-10-17 |last=Hollister |first=Sean |access-date=2012-11-19 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archive-date=2012-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122045857/http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/17/3514556/windows-8-vs-windows-rt-surface-confused-microsoft-store-employees |dead-url=no }}</ref>。首批Windows RT设备最终于2012年10月26日同Windows 8一起正式发售<ref>{{cite web |title=Microsoft: Come 'celebrate' Windows 8 on Oct 25 |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-come-celebrate-windows-8-on-oct-25/ |work=[[CNET]] |date=2012-09-17 |last=Reisinger |first=Don |access-date=2012-09-17 |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |archive-date=2021-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509005601/https://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-come-celebrate-windows-8-on-oct-25/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

微软在2013年10月17日于[[Windows Store]]发布了Windows 8及Windows RT的升级版本[[Windows 8.1]]，其中包含有一系列对系统界面和功能性的改进。对Windows RT设备来说，这次更新还向Office RT套件添加了[[Microsoft Outlook|Outlook]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Mark your calendars for Windows 8.1! |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/08/14/mark-your-calendars-for-windows-8-1.aspx |work=Blogging Windows |last=LeBlanc |first=Brandon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815234725/http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/08/14/mark-your-calendars-for-windows-8-1.aspx |archive-date=2013-08-15 |access-date=2013-08-14 |publisher=Microsoft}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Windows 8.1 update coming October 18 |url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/08/14/technology/enterprise/windows-8-1-update/index.html |last=Covert |first=Adrian |work=CNN Money |date=2013-08-14 |publisher=[[Time Warner]] |access-date=2025-09-01 |archive-date=2019-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103214725/https://money.cnn.com/2013/08/14/technology/enterprise/windows-8-1-update/index.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="ms-blueannounce">{{cite web |title=Windows Keeps Getting Better |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/05/14/windows-keeps-getting-better.aspx |website=Blogging Windows |date=2013-05-14 |last=LeBlanc |first=Brandon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515142421/http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/05/14/windows-keeps-getting-better.aspx |archive-date=2013-05-15 |access-date=2013-05-20 |publisher=Microsoft}}</ref><ref name="extech-rt81beta">{{cite web |title=Windows RT 8.1: Still slow, still plagued by the Desktop, still useless |url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/159838-windows-rt-8-1-still-slow-still-plagued-by-the-desktop-still-useless |work=[[ExtremeTech]] |date=2013-06-27 |last=Anthony |first=Sebastian |access-date=2013-07-09 |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |archive-date=2013-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702072450/http://www.extremetech.com/computing/159838-windows-rt-8-1-still-slow-still-plagued-by-the-desktop-still-useless |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="cnet-outlookrt">{{cite web |title=Outlook finally coming to Windows RT tablets |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/outlook-finally-coming-to-windows-rt-tablets/ |work=[[CNET]] |date=2013-06-05 |last=Greene |first=Jay |access-date=2013-06-05 |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |archive-date=2014-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207105847/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57587700-75/outlook-finally-coming-to-windows-rt-tablets/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。由于接到报告称有部分Surface用户在升级过程中碰到了会破坏设备的[[Windows開機管理程式|开机配置数据库]]的罕见错误，使设备在启动时出错<ref name="verge-81pulled">{{cite web |title=Windows RT 8.1 update taken offline due to installation issues |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/19/4855660/windows-rt-8-1-update-taken-offline-due-to-installation-issues |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2013-10-19 |last=D'Orazio |first=Dante |access-date=2013-10-19 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archive-date=2013-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019172840/http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/19/4855660/windows-rt-8-1-update-taken-offline-due-to-installation-issues |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="pcw-rtpulled">{{cite web |title=Microsoft temporarily pulls Windows RT 8.1 update due to 'a situation' |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2056283/microsoft-temporarily-pulls-windows-rt-8-1-update-due-to-a-situation.html |work=PC World |date=2013-10-19 |last=Chacos |first=Brad |access-date=2013-10-20 |archive-date=2013-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019235627/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2056283/microsoft-temporarily-pulls-windows-rt-8-1-update-due-to-a-situation.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Windows 8.1 update glitch stops RT starting up |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-24608277 |work=BBC News |date=2013-10-21 |language=en-GB |access-date=2025-10-26}}</ref>，微软临时[[產品召回|撤回]]了这次更新。在四天后的10月21日发布了设备恢复说明和恢复介质，之后又到次日才将Windows 8.1重新上线<ref name="pcw-surfacertfix">{{cite web |title=Microsoft releases fix for Surface RT slates borked by Windows RT 8.1 update |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2056295/microsoft-releases-fix-for-surface-rt-slates-borked-by-windows-rt-8-1-update.html |work=PC World |date=2013-10-19 |last=Newman |first=Jared |access-date=2013-10-22 |archive-date=2013-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021150424/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2056295/microsoft-releases-fix-for-surface-rt-slates-borked-by-windows-rt-8-1-update.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="pcw-81returned">{{cite web |title=Microsoft fixes Windows RT 8.1 issues, returns update to Windows Store |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2056548/microsoft-fixes-windows-rt-8-1-issues-returns-update-to-windows-store.html |work=PC World |date=2013-10-22 |last=Chacos |first=Brad |access-date=2013-10-22 |archive-date=2013-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022135928/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2056548/microsoft-fixes-windows-rt-8-1-issues-returns-update-to-windows-store.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=微軟重新釋出Windows RT 8.1 |url=https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/83322 |website=iThome |date=2013-10-23 |language=zh-hant |author=陳曉莉 |access-date=2025-10-26}}</ref>。