编辑“︁热寂”︁（章节）

== 发展历史 ==
熱寂理論起源於19世紀物理學家對[[熱力學第一定律]]和[[熱力學第二定律]]對宇宙進程的影響和研究，特別是威廉·湯姆森在1851年對當時的一個動態熱力學理論（Theory of Heat）實驗作出了如下描述：“熱量並非一種物質，然而是機械作用的一種動態形式，我們認識到機械[[功]]與熱量之間必須是相關的，就如同因與果”。开尔文勋爵在1852年将这一理论外推到宇宙学尺度，并补充说整个宇宙将达到“永恒的静止和不可动摇的静止”状态。1862年，开尔文想知道是否有可能逆转死亡过程并实现“复兴宇宙”。<ref name="On the Age of the Sun's Heat">{{Cite magazine
 |last         = Thomson
 |first        = Sir William
 |date         = 5 March 1862
 |title        = On the Age of the Sun's Heat
 |url          = https://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_age_of_the_suns_heat.html
 |magazine     = [[Macmillan's Magazine]]
 |volume       = 5
 |pages        = 388–93
 |access-date  = 2022-11-30
 |archive-date = 2022-02-05
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20220205190622/https://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_age_of_the_suns_heat.html
 |dead-url     = no
}}</ref><ref>Thomson, William.（1951）. "[http://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_dynamical_theory_of_heat.html On the Dynamical Theory of Heat] {{Wayback|url=http://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_dynamical_theory_of_heat.html |date=20070806094612 }}, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam." Excerpts. [§§1-14 & §§99-100], Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, March, 1851; and Philosophical Magazine IV. 1852, [from Mathematical and Physical Papers, vol. i, art. XLVIII, pp. 174]</ref>[[赫爾曼·馮·亥姆霍茲]]和[[威廉·兰金]]1854年发展开尔文理论，认为热寂将是“所有物理事件的终结”。<ref>
{{Cite web
| url          = http://webplaza.pt.lu/fklaess/html/HISTORIA.HTML
| title        = Physics Chronology
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110522124507/http://webplaza.pt.lu/fklaess/html/HISTORIA.HTML
| archive-date = 22 May 2011
}}</ref><ref>[http://webplaza.pt.lu/fklaess/html/HISTORIA.HTML Physics Timeline] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609090638/http://webplaza.pt.lu/fklaess/html/HISTORIA.HTML |date=2007-06-09 }}（Helmholtz and Heat Death, 1854）</ref>
[[File:Lord Kelvin photograph.jpg|175px|right|thumb|熱寂理論的創立者[[威廉·湯姆森，第一代開爾文男爵|威廉·湯姆森]]]]