催眠
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催眠状态（英语：Hypnosis）是一种人类的身心状态，此时被催眠者会将注意力集中于催眠者的指示[1]，自主意识（英语：peripheral awareness）降低，以及频繁暗示（英语：Suggestion）自己。[2][3]
有解释催眠和相关现象的多种理论。改变状态（英语：Altered state）理论将催眠视为一种改变的心智或恍惚状态（英语：Trance），以不同于普通意识状态的意识水平为标志。[4][5] 相比之下，非状态（英语：non-state）理论将催眠视为一种安慰剂效应[6][7]，重新定义与治疗者的互动[8]或一种富有想像力的角色扮演形式。[9][10][11]
在被催眠期间，据说一个人的注意力与专注力被提升[12]，并对心理暗示的反应增加。[13] 催眠通常以催眠诱导（英语：Hypnotic induction）开始，包括一系列初步的指示和心理暗示。将催眠用于治疗目的被称为“催眠疗法”，而将其用作观众的一种娱乐形式被称为“舞台催眠”（英语：Stage hypnosis），这是一种心灵魔术（英语：Mentalism）。
用于疼痛管理的催眠“可能会减少大多数人的急性和慢性疼痛”。[14] 以催眠为基础的治疗大肠激躁症和更年期的疗法得到了（科学）证据的支持。[15][16][17][18] 使用催眠治疗其他问题产生了不同的结果，例如戒烟。[19][20][21] 使用催眠作为一种治疗形式来恢复和整合幼年创伤在科学主流中存在争议。研究表明，对个人进行催眠可能有助于形成错误记忆[22]，且催眠“并不能帮助人们更准确地回忆事件”。[23]
参见[编辑]
注释与引用来源[编辑]
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- ↑ In 2015, the American Psychological Association Division 30 defined hypnosis as a "state of consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness characterized by an enhanced capacity for response to suggestion". For critical commentary on this definition, see: package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, 2004: "a special psychological state with certain physiological attributes, resembling sleep only superficially and marked by a functioning of the individual at a level of awareness other than the ordinary conscious state".
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ Kirsch, I., "Clinical Hypnosis as a Nondeceptive Placebo", pp. 211–25 in Kirsch, I., Capafons, A., Cardeña-Buelna, E., Amigó, S. (eds.), Clinical Hypnosis and Self-Regulation: Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives, American Psychological Association, (Washington), 1999 ISBN 1-55798-535-9
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ Lyda, Alex. "Hypnosis Gaining Ground in Medicine." Columbia News （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Columbia.edu. Retrieved on 1 October 2011.
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误：module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
其他参考[编辑]
- Hypnotherapy, by Dave Elman. (1964).
- Hypnosis for the Seriously Curious, by Kenneth Bowers. NY: W. W. Norton (1993).
- Hypnosis and Suggestion in the Treatment of Pain: A Clinical Guide, by Joseph Barber. NY: Norton (1996).
- Mind control, Research by G. Wagstaff, Dept. of Psychology, University of Liverpool
- Hypnosis, Compliance and Belief by G. Wagstaff, (1981).
- The Highly Hypnotizable Person, Michael Heap, Richard J. Brown & David A. Oakley, (2004), Routledge
- Better and Better Every Day, Emile Coue, (1960).
- Uncommon Therapy, Jay Haley（about the psychotherapeutic intervention techniques of Milton Erickson）
- Advanced Self Hypnosis, Melvin Powers, Thorsons Publishers, 1973, ISBN 0-7225-0058-0
- Molly Moon's Incredible Book of Hypnotism, Georgia Byng
- Open to suggestion. The uses and abuses of hypnosis. Robert Temple, 1989, ISBN 1-85030-710-4
- Hypnosis With Friends and Lovers Freda Morris, 1979, ISBN 0-06-250600-5
- Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis William S. Kroger, M.D., 1977, ISBN 0-397-50377-6
- EBooks: The Power of Creative Visualization, Personal Transformation in 7 Weeksby Pradeep Aggarwal（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
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